Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A newly developed cephalosporin, cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI, T-2588), was evaluated clinically in 40 patients. A pharmacokinetic study was also performed with 8 patients. CFTM-PI was administered as granules. One patient was given CFTM-PI at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, each of 3 patients was given the drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg and each of 4 patients at a dose of 6 mg/kg. In most cases, serum concentrations of CFTM were determined at 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations of CFTM were measured for urinary samples collected during periods of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 hours after dosing. CFTM was assayed using the disk or the cup method using Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 as the test organism. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 40 children including 13 patients of acute tonsillitis, 10 of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 10 of scarlet fever, 2 of acute bronchitis, 2 of pneumonia, and 1 each of pneumonia with enteritis, phlegmon and urinary tract infection. The patients were from 4 months to 13 years old. Daily doses were from 8.7 to 12 mg/kg. After CFTM-PI administration in doses 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations of CFTM were 0.38 microgram/ml, 0.73-2.25 micrograms/ml and 1.2-2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.55, 0.95-2.30 and 0.80-2.72 hours, respectively. Urinary excretion rates up to 6 or 8 hours after dosing were 10.8-24.7%. Clinical efficacies of CFTM-PI in 40 patients were "excellent" in 27 children, "good" in 12 children and "fair" in 1 with an efficacy rate of 97.5%. Twenty seven strains of causative organisms, including 15 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 of Escherichia coli, 1 of Salmonella 04, 6 of Haemophilus influenzae, 1 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 3 of Branhamella catarrhalis, were isolated. After treatment all strains except 1 strain of B. catarrhalis (unchanged), Salmonella 04 (unknown) and 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae (unknown) were eradicated. Side effects observed clinically were only 1 case of diarrhea. Eosinophilia was observed in 1 case.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil granules in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 57

We studied the absorption and excretion as well as the clinical effect of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) dry syrup. The results we found are summarized as follows: 1. When 3 pediatric patients were medicated orally with a single dose of 10 mg/kg of the drug, its peak concentrations of 0.75 and 0.51 microgram/ml appeared in the blood in 30 minutes after administration in 2 patients, and of 0.21 microgram/ml in 1 hour in the other patient. At 4 hours after administration, its concentration in the blood was 0.07-0.08 microgram/ml in all of the patient, and at 6 hours, it was undetectable. T1/2 values were 1.05-2.08 hours. First 6-hour urinary recovery rates of the drug in the first 2 patients were 1.52 and 1.11%, respectively. 2. Twenty-four patients with 25 diseases were medicated with 7.14-12.5 mg/kg of the drug 3-4 times daily for 4-10 days. The patients consisted of 12 with tonsillitis, 7 with bronchitis, 3 with colitis, one each with Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia, and pertussis. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 7, good in 13, and poor in 5, with an efficacy rate of 80.0%. Bacteriologically, of 17 isolates whose changes were followed, 8 were eradicated, 1 decreased, and 8 remained unchanged, with an eradication rate of 47.1%. 3. No adverse reactions to the drug were observed in any of these patients, while abnormal laboratory test values observed were slight eosinophilia and also slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT in one of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 317 63

In a study of rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup for its usefulness in pediatric infections, the following results were obtained: 1. Frequencies of RKM-resistant strains among fresh isolates from sick children were very low, and 4.4% of 68 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 4.2% of 48 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and none of 96 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes were found to be RKM-resistant. 2. Hypo- to achlorhydria was found in 2 (3.77%) of 53 children. 3. When children were administered once orally with 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of RKM dry syrup at fasting, mean peak values of plasma concentration were 0.25, 0.55 and 0.74 micrograms/ml with a T1/2 (beta) of 2.18, 1.97 and 2.00 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery rates during the first 0-6 hours were quite low, and values were 1.21, 1.38 and 2.23%, respectively. 4. The clinical efficacy of RKM dry syrup was studied on children chiefly with acute pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia and tonsillitis. Among 379 children from whom pathogens had been determined, responses to the treatment were excellent in 186, good in 144, fair in 24, poor in 20 and unknown in 5 patients, the overall efficacy rate being 88.2%. Among all 598 treated patients, including those with undetermined pathogens, responses were excellent in 247, good in 269, fair in 42, poor in 35 and unknown in 5 patients, the efficacy rate being 87.0%. 5. The clinical efficacy of the drug in treating Chlamydia infection in 12 patients including a Chlamydia carrier and the clinical efficacy in treating Campylobacter enteritis in 36 patients were studied. All the cases showed "good" responses. Among 66 patients with mycoplasmal pneumonia, responses were excellent in 33 and good in 27 patients, with an efficacy rate of 90.9%. 6. The optimal dose of RKM dry syrup seemed to be in the range between 20 and 40 mg/kg. It appeared, however, that a dose of about 40 mg/kg would be required to eradicate the pathogen from the pharynx in S. pyogenes infection. 7. Adverse reactions to RKM dry syrup were found in 9 (1.45%) of 622 patients. The reactions were gastrointestinal symptoms except eruption occurred in 1 patient, but they were all mild. Laboratory examinations revealed eosinophilia in 19 and abnormal hepatic enzyme activities in 8 of 455 patients studied, but such abnormalities were all transient and mild.
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PMID:[Appraisal of rokitamycin in the pediatric field]. 322 30

Twenty five children were treated with rokitamycin (RKM) and its clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 13 days to 10 years. Doses of RKM ranged 17.1-39.3 mg/kg/day for 2.3 to 17.7 days. Twenty four patients including 8 Mycoplasma pneumonia, 5 bronchopneumonia, 6 bronchitis, 2 streptococcosis, 1 otitis media, 1 tonsillitis and 1 Chlamydia conjunctivitis were evaluated for clinical efficacy. Results were excellent in 7, good in 12, fair in 4, and poor in 1 patient. One patient was excluded from the evaluation, because the patient was treated with erythromycin before entering this study. Out of the 25 patients, 3 cases showed eosinophilia, 2 cases showed elevated GOT and GPT but no adverse clinical signs due to RKM were observed. The pharmacokinetics of RKM was studied in 5 patients whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 years. Plasma peak concentrations of RKM in 2 patients were 0.14 and 0.16 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after doses of 5 mg/kg. Peak concentrations in 3 patients ranged from 0.32 to 1.02 micrograms/ml after doses of 10 mg/kg. Portions of the drug excreted into urine within 6 hours were 0.49 and 1.03% in 2 patients each of whom was given doses of 5 mg/kg, and ranged from 1.16 to 1.30% in 3 patients, each given 10 mg/kg. Metabolic products in urine within 4 hours after doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg were studied in 4 patients. Leucomycin A7 and leucomycin V accounted for almost 90% of all the related compounds excreted.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a +rokitamycin dry syrup in children]. 322 31

Pharmacokinetics, safety and effects on bacterial infection of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were evaluated in 17 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 3 children receiving a single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight were evaluated. The half-life of ampicillin (ABPC) was 1.38 +/- 0.14 hours and that of sulbactam was 0.93 +/- 0.26 hour. 2. Fourteen cases, including 7 tonsillitis, 2 pharyngitis, 2 bronchitis, and 1 each of cystitis, scarlet fever and cellulitis were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies classified by causative organisms were evaluated in 5 children. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible in 3 cases, Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 case, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in 1 case. Eradication rate was 100%. SBTPC was more active than ABPC against ABPC-resistant strains and almost equal to or more active than cephalexin or cefaclor. 4. The only abnormal laboratory test value observed was eosinophilia in 2 children. No side effects were recorded. From the above results it is concluded that SBTPC fine granule is one of first choices of effective, useful and safe antibiotics for the treatment of infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field]. 324 70

Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a semi-synthesized beta-lactam antibiotic consisted of ampicillin (ABPC) and a beta-lactamase inhibitor, sulbactam (SBT), linked with an ester linkage. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies using SBTPC 10% fine granules were performed in pediatric patients with a variety of infections. 1. Pharmacokinetic investigation: SBTPC was given at 30 minutes after meal at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Peak serum levels were attained at 1 hour after dosing with average levels of 3.83 +/- 0.27 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 2.73 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml for SBT. The average half-life of ABPC was 1.52 +/- 0.25 hours and that of SBT was 1.13 +/- 0.09 hours. The urinary recovery rate of ABPC during 6 hours after dosing was 58.2 +/- 4.9% and that of SBT was 59.7 +/- 6.4%. 2. Clinical investigation: Enrolled in the study were a total of 26 patients including 12 with tonsillitis, 6 with pharyngitis, 5 with urinary tract infections, and 1 each with bronchitis, with Salmonella enteritis and a case with fever of unknown case. Responses were excellent in 15 patients, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 88.5%. In the assessment of the bacteriological efficacy, 11 out of 14 strains of organisms isolated previous to the treatment were eradicated, 1 strain was found reduced in number and 2 strains remained unchanged with an eradication rate of 78.6%. One patient (3.8%) out of the 26 had diarrhea as side effects and 3 patients (16.7%) of 18 showed eosinophilia in laboratory examinations.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin fine granules in children]. 324 73

Pharmacokinetical, bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new cephem antibiotic, were conducted in the pediatric field. 1. Mean drug concentrations in the blood after intravenous one shot injection of FMOX 20 mg/kg to 5 children (aged 5-8 years) were 39.7 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 24.1 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 12.2 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 4.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.1 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean half-life in blood was 0.65 hour. Mean concentrations in urine was 3,558 micrograms/ml during 0-2 hours after intravenous injection, 568 micrograms/ml during 2-4 hours, and 117 micrograms/ml during 4-6 hours. The mean 6-hour urinary recovery rate was 72.8%. 2. Clinically, FMOX was administered to 32 children (5 months to 9 years) with infections, i.e. 29 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis and cellulitis. The treatment was excellent in 24 cases and good in 8. Thus, the efficacy rate was 100%. 3. The bacteriological effect of FMOX was investigated using 11 clinical isolates which were considered to be causative organisms, i.e. 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 8 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Except one strain (H. influenzae) which was just decreased, all the bacteria were eliminated. 4. No side effect was found at all. As abnormal laboratory findings, elevation of GOT was found in 1 case, thrombocytosis in 2, and eosinophilia in 1 but all the changes were slight and were normalized by the time of re-examination. The above results suggest that FMOX is a useful and safe drug for the pediatric practice just as in the adult field.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetical, bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. 343 Jul 14

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to the oxacephem group, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 17 patients with ages ranging from 1 month to 9 year-8-month who had bacterial infections. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 20 mg/kg FMOX administration by intravenous bolus injection showed that the half-life of FMOX (beta phase) was 39.8 minutes and the urinary excretion of FMOX in the first 6 hours was 76.5%. 2. FMOX was administered to 3 patients with pneumonia, 8 patients with bronchopneumonia, 2 patients with tonsillitis, 2 patients with pyelonephritis, one patient each with cervical lymphadenitis, and pustulosis associated with severe varicella at daily dosage levels of 61.9 approximately 87.2 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4 administrations by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 17 patients were as follows; excellent: 14 patients, good: 2 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 94.1%. 3. No clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the 17 patients. Neutropenia, eosinophilia, a slight elevation of GPT and slight elevations of GOT & GPT were observed in 1, 1, 1, and 2 patients, respectively. No abnormality in coagulation system was observed in any of 10 evaluable patients. 4. MICs of FMOX against 13 strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against 2 out of 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.20 micrograms/ml and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics]. 343 Jul 17

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were performed on flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new oxacephem antibiotic, as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics Serum concentrations of FMOX were measured in 2 cases given 20 mg/kg bolus injection. In the 2 cases, peak concentrations of the drug were 44.3 and 197 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, T1/2 (beta) were 0.76 and 0.47 hour and AUC were 44.8 and 169.5 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. Urinary recovery rates for these cases during 6 hours were 83.1 and 54.9%, respectively. The extremely high peak serum concentration in one case may be attributed to dehydration. 2. Clinical efficacy FMOX was administrated intravenously to 12 patients, 6 with pneumonia, 2 with cellulitis, 1 each with bronchitis, tonsillitis, purulent lymphadenitis and subcutaneous abscess, in doses of 55.0-120.0 mg/kg (average 82.2 mg/kg) t.i.d. for 4-13 days (average 6.2 days). The overall efficacy rate was 100%, with excellent responses in 10 and good in 2. Bacteriological efficacy was excellent; 4 of 5 strains were eradicated and 1 strain was decreased. No clinical side effect was observed. Laboratory abnormality was observed in 1 case with transient eosinophilia. The above results suggested that FMOX would be an useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical experience with flomoxef in bacterial infection in children]. 343 Jul 21

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefixime (CFIX) in children were done and the following results were obtained. Serum and urinary concentrations of CFIX were determined in 6 children aged 5 to 14 years given single doses of 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg. Mean serum concentrations peaked at 4 hours after the administration of either 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg, and respective peak values were 0.71 and 4.46 micrograms/ml. Biological half-lives for the low and the high doses were 5.28 and 4.45 hours, respectively. The 12-hours urinary recovery ranged from 7.0 to 13.8% after administration of 1.5 mg/kg, and the 8-hours urinary recovery was 18.1% after administration of 6.0 mg/kg. Therapeutic responses were recorded as excellent or good in 43 (97.7%) of the children, comprising 13 with tonsillitis and 31 with scarlet fever. The microbiological effectiveness of CFIX on identified pathogens comprising 29 strains of S. pyogenes and 2 strains of S. aureus was satisfactory as evidence by a high eradication rate of 93.5%. No clinical side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were elevation of GOT and/or GPT in 4 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. In conclusion, CFIX was found to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefixime in pediatric field]. 353 65


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