Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma and urine concentrations of sulbactam (SBT) and ampicillin (ABPC) were determined following bolus administration of injectable SBT/ABPC combined in a fixed ratio of 1:2 to 6 pediatric patients, 3 at a dose of 30 mg/kg and the other 3 at 60 mg/kg. Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of SBT/ABPC were evaluated in a total of 65 patients composed of 45 cases with pneumonia, 3 cases each with bronchitis, urinary tract infections, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, purulent lymphadenitis, 2 cases each with tonsillitis, pleuropneumonia, phlegmon and 1 case each with pyothorax, submaxillitis. The dosage used was 101.2 mg/kg daily given in 3 or 4 divided doses (t.i.d. in 24 patients and q.i.d. in 41 patients) by bolus intravenous injection for 7 days on an average. Side effects and effects on clinical laboratory parameters were monitored in the 65 patients. The results of these evaluations are summarized as follows. 1. Mean serum concentrations of SBT and ABPC in 3 children each given an intravenous bolus injection of 30 mg/kg and other 3 each given 60 mg/kg reached peak levels at 5 minutes after administration with values of 49.8 and 90.3 micrograms/ml, respectively, for SBT and 99.8 and 189.7 micrograms/ml, respectively, for ABPC. The latter values were about twice as high as SBT, and both were dose-related. Mean half-lives were 0.889 hour for SBT and 0.857 hour for ABPC in the 30 mg/kg group and 0.882 hour for SBT and 0.834 hour of ABPC in the 60 mg/kg group, showing similarities between the 2 dosage groups as well as between SBT and ABPC. 2. Mean urine concentrations in the 2 groups mentioned above were the highest for both SBT and ABPC during the first 2 hours after administration, with values of 1,677 micrograms/ml for SBT and 2,730 micrograms/ml for ABPC in the 30 mg/kg group and 2,693 micrograms/ml and 3,623 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 60 mg/kg group. Mean recovery rates in urine in the first 6 hours were 72.4% for SBT and 56.8% for ABPC in the low dosage group and 72.7% and 52.0%, respectively, in the high dosage group. In the 2 groups, the amounts of ABPC recovered were less than those of SBT. 3. Clinical efficacies of SBT/ABPC in 65 patients with various bacterial infections were excellent or good in 62 (95.4%) patients. 4. The bacteriological efficacy was evaluable with 10 patients. The pathogenic bacteria were eradicated in 9 patients and the efficacy rate was 90%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in pediatric patients]. 266 52

Laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in children have been carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial effect MICs of SBT/ABPC were only one-tube less than or similar to those of ABPC against susceptible organisms. Against ABPC-resistant organisms at the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml however, SBT/ABPC was superior to ABPC when evaluated in terms of their MIC values. When MICs of SBT/ABPC were compared to those of ABPC against organisms with high beta-lactamase producing activities, it was found that many of ABPC-resistant organisms were much susceptible to SBT/ABPC. 2. Absorption and urinary excretion In 2 cases to which 50 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg SBT/ABPC were respectively given over 30 minutes by drip infusion, peak serum levels were obtained at the end of the drip infusion with peak levels of SBT of 45.5 micrograms/ml, 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively and those of ABPC of 83.0 micrograms/ml, 22.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 0.94 hour and 0.98 hour, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rates in the first 6 hours after the end of administration were 84.4% for SBT and 63.1% for ABPC. 3. Clinical results Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 24 cases including 9 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of upper respiratory infection, 7 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of bronchopneumonia, pyothorax, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, ++ phlegmon and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Clinical efficacies were excellent or good in 19 cases with an overall efficacy rate of 86.4%. Adverse effect was found in 1 case with nausea and vomiting, and abnormal laboratory test values observed were 2 cases each of eosinophilia, slight elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of LDH, but they were not serious.
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in children]. 274 50

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S). The results were summarized as follows. FMOX was given by 5-minute intravenous administration to 3 children at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. After the intravenous administration, mean serum levels of FMOX were 110.1 +/- 30.95 micrograms/ml at the end of injection, 44.4 +/- 10.55 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 11.0 +/- 1.72 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.42 +/- 0.17 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean half-life was 1.14 +/- 0.30 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 68.8 +/- 17.4% up to 6 hours after the intravenous administration. FMOX was given by 30-minute drip infusion to 2 children at a single dose of 20 mg/kg and to 3 children at a single dose of 40 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, mean peak serum levels of FMOX obtained for the 2 dose levels were 45.5 +/- 0.45 micrograms/ml and 87.4 +/- 18.35 micrograms/ml at the end of injection, respectively, and mean half-lives were 0.63 +/- 0.23 hours and 0.70 +/- 0.27 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rate was 53.4 +/- 6.1% up to 6 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion of 40 mg/kg FMOX. Treatment with FMOX was made in 24 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 5 cases of purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchopneumonia, 12 cases of pneumonia, and 1 case each of lymphadenitis, pyothorax, purulent meningitis, cellulitis, and abscess. Results obtained were excellent in 15 cases and good in 9 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. 343 Jul 18

Nine pediatric patients with moderate or severe bacterial infections (3 septicemia or bacteremia, 2 pyelitis, 2 tonsillitis, 1 pneumonia and 1 pyothorax) in hospital were treated with MK-0787/MK-0791. The drug was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses totalling 24 mg/24 mg-70.2 mg/70.2 mg per kg/day. Clinical effectiveness were excellent in 4 cases, good in 2 cases, poor in 2 cases and not evaluated in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 75%. A slight decrease of WBC was observed in 1 case. It was concluded that MK-0787/MK-0791 was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of infections in pediatric practices. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered MK-0787/MK-0791 was studied in 2 other cases. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion to 2 cases at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The mean half-life (T1/2) of MK-0787 was 1.03 hours and MK-0791, 0.69 hour. The mean urinary recovery rate of MK-0787 within 6.5-7 hours after administration was 62.5% and MK-0791, 76.7%.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children]. 346 73

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

Studies were carried out on the penetration of cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, into cerebrospinal fluid, and on the clinical efficacy against bacterial infections. The results are summarized as follows: Concentrations of CZON in cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in cases of furunculosis of the external canal, encephalitis and mumps meningitis were 0.56 micrograms/ml, 1.44 micrograms/ml and 0.33 micrograms/ml, respectively. Concentrations of CZON in cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in 3 cases of purulent meningitis were 2.80-6.40 micrograms/ml at the acute stage and 0.56-1.45 micrograms/ml even at the recovering stage. Sensitivities of clinically isolated strains to CZON were determined and expressed as MIC. MICs of CZON on Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were similar to MIC's of cefmenoxime (CMX), and lower than those of cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefatiam (CTM) and Cefazolin (CEZ). The MIC of CZON on Staphylococcus aureus was similar to those of CEZ, CMZ and CTM, and lower than those of CMX and CPZ. Clinical responses of CZON were good in 2 cases of purulent meningitis, good in 2 cases of pyothorax, excellent in 1 case of septicemia, excellent in 3 cases of urinary tract infections, excellent in 7 cases and good in 3 cases out of 10 cases of pneumonia. Clinical responses of other diseases were excellent in 4 cases of bronchitis, good in 1 case of furunculosis of the external canal, excellent in 1 case of tonsillitis. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 2 cases of mild diarrhea out of 24 cases.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 361 85

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON) was given intravenously to 20 pediatric patients with the following acute bacterial infections: 13 of bronchopneumonia and 1 each of tonsillitis, purulent cervical lymphadenitis and acute tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pyothorax, purulent meningitis complicated with septic arthritis, and urinary tract infection. Good clinical responses were obtained in all of the 20 patients and bacterial eradication of all 16 strains. No side effect was observed except 3 cases of slight elevation of transaminase, and 1 case each of soft stool and eosinophilia. From the above clinical results, it appears that CZON is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical observations on cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 361 86

Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated in 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function. In addition, the clinical effect of CZX was evaluated in 26 pediatric patients with various infections. In 4 of the 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function, intravenous bolus injection of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg yielded a mean peak serum level of 36.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour after infusion, and mean serum levels of 12.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 6.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 1.25--2.55 hours. In another child, serum levels of CZX at 1/2, 2 and 4 hours after intravenous bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg were 19.60, 5.96 and 2.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The clear difference in dose response between 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reflected the doubled dose levels. In the remaining 4 children, drip infusion of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg (1 child 17 mg/kg) over 0.5--1.5 hours yielded peak serum levels at the end of infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 0.95--1.50 hours. About 80% of CZX was excreted in the urine within 6 hours after infusion in the 4 children tested. Twenty-six pediatric patients with various infections were treated with CZX intravenous doses of 20 mg/kg to 118 mg/kg b.i.d.--q.i.d. for 3--14 days. Of the 12 patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 showed excellent response, 6 good and 1 fair response. Of the 5 patients with urinary tract infection, 4 showed excellent response and 1 good response. One patient each with colitis, tonsillitis and facial cellulitis, pharyngitis showed excellent response and 1 patient each with purulent thyroiditis and gluteal abscess showed good response. The single patients with sepsis showed excellent response. One patient each with pyothorax, purulent arthritis and cerebral abscess showed poor response. Overall effectiveness rate was 84.6%. although 22 of all 26 patients treated had serious underlying diseases such as APL, AML. A mild increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient during treatment with CZX, and the values returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. These results suggest that ceftizoxime is 1 of the most important antibiotics for treating a wide range of infections in children as well as in adults.
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 8

The antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (CMX) against clinical isolated organisms was measured; CMX was more active than cefotiam and cefazolin against Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. The serum concentrations of CMX following intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 25.6, 10.3, 3.0 micrograms/ml at 30, 60, 120 minutes after injection, respectively. CMX was excreted 60.9% in urine within 6 hours after injection. CMX was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections (respiratory tract infection 16 including 1 pyothorax, urinary tract infection 4, tonsillitis with sinusitis 2) at the dose of 39 approximately 96 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 9 days, and the following satisfactory results were obtained; excellent in 11, good in 9, and poor in 2. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 90.9%. Eosinophilia 2 cases, slight elevation of transaminase 3 cases, slight elevation of BUN 1 case and transient diarrhea 1 case were observed. But no other serious side effects were observed.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in pediatric infections]. 630 97

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out under a joint study programme in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study In 20 pediatric patients with normal renal function, weighing 15 to 48 kg, CTT was injected intravenously at 20 mg/kg in 3 to 5 minutes. The mean blood concentration of CTT was 215.6 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after the end of injection, 90.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 57.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 10.2 micrograms/ml at 8 hours. The half-life of the drug in the beta-phase, computed from the mean blood concentrations up to 8 hours postdosing, was 2.61 hours. The peak of the mean urinary excretion of cefotetan appeared in 0 to 2 hours after the injection and 36.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The mean excretion at 0 to 8 hours was 68.1%. Clinical study Clinical effects of CTT was evaluated in 285 patients with 287 diseases, since 1 patient had both pneumonia and erysipelas, and another both pneumonia and acute otitis media. Daily dosage of CTT ranged from 15 to 123 mg/kg, and 266 patients (93.3%) received the drug either 2 or 3 times daily. The clinical response was seen in 83.3% of the 6 cases with sepsis, 89.3% of the 122 cases with pneumonia with or without pyothorax, 96.2% of the 52 cases with either acute bronchitis or tonsillitis, 92.5% of the 67 cases with urinary tract infection and 92.5% of the 40 cases with other infections. The causative organisms were detected in 160 patients and the rate of complete disappearance was 80.6%. Out of 310 patients, side effects were seen in 9 cases, diarrhea in 8 (2.6%) and rash in 1 (0.3%). Abnormal clinical laboratory findings were seen in 24 cases, elevation of serum transaminases in 19 (7.8%), elevation of TTT and LDH in 1 (0.4%) and eosinophilia in 4 (1.6%). None of these cases showed serious side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory findings. From the above results, it is concluded that CTT is one of the useful drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.
 ...
PMID:[Comprehensive evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 636 9


1 2 Next >>