Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A diagnosis/antibiotic prescribing study was performed in 5 counties in Sweden for 1 week in November 2000. As part of this study, the characteristics and clinical management of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2899) in primary care were analyzed. Almost half of the patients were aged < 15 y and one-fifth of the patients consulted out of hours. Of all patients seeking primary care for upper respiratory tract infections, 56.0% were prescribed an antibiotic. Almost all patients who were given the diagnoses streptococcal tonsillitis, acute otitis media or acute sinusitis were prescribed antibiotics, compared to 10% of patients with common cold or acute pharyngitis. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was penicillin V (79.2%) and this was even more pronounced out of hours, when the diagnoses otitis media and streptococcal tonsillitis were more frequently used. In patients with common cold and acute pharyngitis, the percentage who received antibiotics increased with increasing length of symptoms and increasing CRP levels. In patients with acute pharyngitis or streptococcal tonsillitis, antibiotics were prescribed less frequently provided streptococcal tests were performed. The management of patients with upper respiratory tract infections in general practice seems to be in good agreement with current Swedish guidelines. However, the study indicates some areas for improvement. The diagnosis of acute sinusitis seems to have been overestimated and used only to justify antibiotic treatment.
 ...
PMID:Upper respiratory tract infections in general practice: diagnosis, antibiotic prescribing, duration of symptoms and use of diagnostic tests. 1258 19

Dick, Elliot C. (University of Wisconsin, Madison). Chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures for growth and isolation of viruses. J. Bacteriol. 86:573-576. 1963.-Chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures were employed for propagation of several laboratory strains of viruses that commonly inhabit the respiratory and intestinal tracts, or both, and for isolation of viruses from throat washings of persons with common colds and tonsillitis-pharyngitis. This tissue culture host was found to support the growth of approximately the same viruses as do Rhesus monkey kidney tissue cultures, with two exceptions: (i) chimpanzee kidney tissue culture was much more susceptible to herpes simplex infection, and (ii) cytopathic effects were not produced by either "M" or "H" strains of muriviruses (common cold viruses). The presence of adventitious viruses in some uninoculated chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures is suspected.
 ...
PMID:CHIMPANZEE KIDNEY TISSUE CULTURES FOR GROWTH AND ISOLATION OF VIRUSES. 1406 39

A diagnosis-prescribing study was performed in 5 Swedish counties during 1 week in November in 2000 and repeated in 2002. The aim of the present study was to analyse data for children 0-15y of age who consulted a general practitioner with symptoms of an infection. During the 2 weeks studied, 4049 children were consulted. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) were the predominant diagnoses, above all among the youngest children, while the proportion of urinary tract infections and skin infections increased with increasing age. Between the y 2000 and 2002, the proportion of children allocated the diagnosis streptococcal tonsillitis and pneumonia decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) while the proportion of common cold increased (p<0.001). Antibiotic prescribing decreased from 55% to 48% (p<0.001) for respiratory infections between the years studied. The only significant changes in type of antibiotics prescribed were the increase of isoxazolylpenicillins (p<0.001) used for skin infection and the decrease of macrolides (p=0.001). A diagnostic test was used in more than half of the consultations. Of children allocated a RTI diagnosis, 36% were prescribed antibiotics when a C-reactive protein test was performed compared to 58% in those not tested. Further studies are needed in general practice to determine the optimal use of near-patient tests in children with RTI.
 ...
PMID:The management of infections in children in general practice in Sweden: a repeated 1-week diagnosis-prescribing study in 5 counties in 2000 and 2002. 1635 47

A five-year-old boy with recurring tonsillitis and sleep apnea was admitted for tonsillectomy and tympanic membrane tubing. He presented with a history of bronchial asthma and hereditary spherocytosis without obvious cardiac failure symptoms. Anesthetic agents for induction included nitrous oxide, oxygen, and sevoflurane. Because oxygen saturation decreased immediately to 90%, tracheal intubation was performed. The patient began to wheeze. Sevoflurane concentration was increased but cardiac murmur (gallop), cold limbs and jugular vein distension were noted. Acute cardiac failure was diagnosed following a chest X-ray and cardiac echo showing an enlarged heart, CTR of 80%, left ventricular dilation, and contractile failure. Tympanic membrane tubing only was performed. Sevoflurane was discontinued and the patient was treated for the cardiac failure under an ICU oxygen tent. The patient was discharged when his general condition improved. He showed elevated levels of viral antibodies, suggesting myocarditis. Later he was treated for dilating cardiomyopathy before undergoing a heart transplant.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac failure in a child during anesthetic induction with sevoflurane]. 1698 22

We investigated some of the housing conditions at Jalazone Refugee Camp and their impact on refugees' health inside the camp, especially those with respiratory symptoms and diseases. A randomized sample of 200 housing units, representing one fifth of the camp's population, was selected. Approximately half of the people in our sample were under 15 years. Overcrowding and high population density were significant. There was a statistically significant relationship between some respiratory conditions (common cold, cough, tonsillitis and ear infection) and poor housing conditions (including damp and mould), overcrowding and high population density. A radical solution for the housing problem is needed to avert further negative health impacts.
 ...
PMID:Housing conditions and health in Jalazone Refugee Camp in Palestine. 1703 32

Diseases of ear, nose and throat (ENT) often have serious consequences including hearing impairment, and emotional strain that lower the quality of life of patients. In Kenya, upper respiratory infections are among the most common infections encountered in outpatient facilities. Some of these infections are becoming difficult to control because some of the causing microorganisms have acquired antibiotic resistance and hence the need to develop new drugs with higher efficacy. Ethnobotanical studies have now been found to be instrumental in improving chances of discovering plants with antimicrobial activity in new drug development. In Kenya the majority of local people are turning to herbal remedies for primary health care needs. In most cases the sources of these remedies are undocumented and the knowledge about them passed orally form generation to generation, hence under threat of disappearing with current rates of modernisation. This study explored the traditional remedies used in managing various ENT diseases in seven districts of the Central Province of Kenya. The most common ENT conditions managed using traditional therapies include: common cold, cough, tonsillitis, otitis-media, chest pains and asthma. The results indicate that 67 species belonging to 36 plant families were utilized in this region. These plants were of varying habits; herbs (37.3%), shrubs (34.4%), trees (25.4%) as well as some grasses and sedges (3%). The traditional preparations were found to be made mainly from leaves (49%), roots (20.5%) and barks (12.5%). For each of the ENT conditions multiple species are utilized mainly as individual preparations but occasionally as polyherbal concoctions. In the case of common cold for example, 30 different species are used. Plants reported in this survey are important candidates for antimicrobial tests against ENT disease causing micro-organisms, especially those with antibiotic resistance.
 ...
PMID:Traditional management of ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases in Central Kenya. 1719 84

Antihistamines are very popular cold treatments. 9640 prescriptions (4069 men and 5391 women) were analysed during the January -March 2006 period. The informations of polish doctors opinions were gathered from questionnaires. The patients studied suffered from respiratory infections (common cold - 32%, laryngitis - 21%, sinusitis - 19%, bronchitis - 18%, tonsillitis - 10%). In 1621 (16.8%) persons antibiotics were applied. Among them the most common amoxycilline (41%), macrolides (26,4%) and cephalosporines (22.8%) were prescribed. The coexistence of repiratory infection with allergic disease was confirmed in 6181 (65%) patients. The combination of antihistamine - cetirizine (Alermed, Lekam, Poland) with other medications were applied in every patient treatment. Anti-inflammatory properties in 36%, allergy in anamnesis in 14% and allergic symptoms in 28% were pointed out by polish doctors as the main reasons for prescriptions of cetirizine. Only 7% of doctors admitted in survey that they always prescribed antihistmines for respiratory infections. Duration of illness was shorter than seven days in most patients. In polish doctors opinions cetirizine may be applied in respiratory infections, because of its effects in alleviating clinical symptoms and in shortening of illness duration. Especially this treatment is indicated when coexistence of respiratory infection with allergic disease is confirmed. Additionally cetirizine is safe and good tolerated drug. However, further controlled studies are necessary to confirm these data.
 ...
PMID:[Cetirizine and respiratory tract infections in opinion of Polish doctors]. 1734 39

In the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), which was conducted from 2003 to 2006, data on acute/infectious and chronic diseases were collected from a population-based sample of 17,641 subjects aged 0 to 17 years. The annual prevalence rates among acute diseases vary widely. Children and adolescents are most frequently affected by acute (infectious) respiratory conditions. 88.5 % of the surveyed children and adolescents experienced at least one episode of common cold within the last 12 months. Among the other acute respiratory infections, bronchitis and tonsillitis were the most frequently encountered conditions with 19.9 % and 18.5 %, respectively. The 12-month prevalence of otitis media and pseudocroup was 11 % and 6.6 %, respectively. 1.5 % of the children and adolescents experienced an episode of pneumonia. Apart from respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections were very frequently stated as reasons for acute illness. Furthermore, 12.8 % of the children and adolescents experienced a herpetic infection, 7.8 % a conjunctivitis and 4.8 % a urinary tract infection. Lifetime prevalence rates of infectious diseases were as follows: pertussis 8.7 %, measles 7.4 %, mumps 4.0 %, rubella 8.5 %, varicella 70.6 %, scarlet fever 23.5 %. The various chronic somatic diseases in children and adolescents had different lifetime prevalence rates. Most frequently, children and adolescents were affected by obstructive bronchitis (13.3 %), neurodermatitis/atopic eczema (13.2 %) and hay fever (10.7 %). Scoliosis and asthma had been diagnosed by a doctor in 5.2 % and 4.7 % of subjects aged 0-17 years, respectively. The lifetime prevalence rates of the remaining diseases varied between 0.14 % for diabetes mellitus and 3.6 % for convulsions/epileptic fits. For the first time ever, these survey results provide nationwide representative information on the prevalence rates of acute/infectious and chronic diseases in children and adolescents which is based on a population-representative sample.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of somatic diseases in German children and adolescents. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)]. 1751 53

The objective of the study was the evaluation of the frequency of occurrence of acute respiratory infections among rural population from the Lublin Region, and verification of the appropriateness of the use of antibiotics in empirical first-line therapy of these diseases. The analysis covered medical records concerning 1,839 patients selected from 27 rural health centres within the period of one year (1 September 2005-31 August 2006). As many as 656 patient visits were recorded, the reasons for which were qualified by physicians as infections of the upper and lower airways. These disorders were diagnosed in 450 patients, which constituted 24.46% of the population examined. The following diagnoses were most frequently made: acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis (31.25% of the total number of diagnoses), acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites (22.25%), and common cold (21.64%). Antibiotics were used in empirical first-line therapy in as many as 82% of the total number of patients. The analysis showed that in the great majority of cases the use of antibiotics was inappropriate. If this situation persists, in the near future it will lead to an increase in the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in Poland. In order to prevent this situation, it is necessary to carry out an extensive educational action concerning the hazardous effect of excessive use of antibiotics, both among physicians and the whole society.
 ...
PMID:Empirical first-line antibioticotherapy in adult rural patients with acute respiratory tract infections. 1824 69

A sore throat (also known as pharyngitis or tonsillitis) is most commonly caused by a contagious viral infection (such as the flu, cold, or mononucleosis), although more serious throat infections can be caused by a bacterial infection (such as strep, mycoplasma, or Haemophilus). Bacterial sore throats respond well to antibiotics, whereas viral ones do not. However, strep throat remains a leading cause for physician visits, and researchers have long struggled to determine how best to treat it. The current practice guidelines offer different management options for adult patients presenting with a sore throat. Thus, when a physician treats a patient with acute pharyngitis, the clinical decision that usually needs to be made is whether the pharyngitis is attributable to group A streptococci. The key concern is the degree to which the clinical possibility of a group A streptococcal infection should affect clinician's decisions. To determine the best treatment of pharyngitis, we conducted a multicriteria decision analysis using fuzzy reasoning for remote health service delivery between a healthcare provider and patients. The approach can be adopted for interactive phone use or online system application. Five alternative treatment options were considered, particularly: (a) no test no Rx, (b) rapid strep, (c) culture, (d) rapid strep and culture, and (e) empiric Rx. Fuzzy reasoning is used to examine the signs/symptoms and their ratings. The study includes seven criteria factors that can be rated according to each alternative clinical treatment using linguistic statements. The model shows that no test no Rx is the best option for the cases of low prevalence of group A streptococcal infection. Two strategies--culture and treat if positive and rapid strep with culture of negative results--are equally preferable for patients with moderate prevalence likelihood. Rapid strep and culture of negative results is the best management strategy for patients with high population prevalence of group A streptococcal infection. In conclusion, the best clinical management of patients with sore throat depends on both the clinical probability of group A streptococcal infection and clinical judgments that incorporate the importance ratings of the individual patients as well as practice circumstances.
 ...
PMID:A remote fuzzy multicriteria diagnosis of sore throat. 1881 94


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>