Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sultamicillin fine granules were used orally in 18 pediatric patients with infections in doses ranging 7.3-10.0 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. The following is a summary of the results: 1. Clinical efficacies in 16 cases with tonsillitis were excellent in 13 cases, good in 2 cases and fair in 1 case. Efficacy in 1 case of bronchitis and 1 case of pneumonia were good. The overall efficacy rate in the 18 cases was 94.4%. 2. Four out of 5 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were eradicated but 1 strain persisted. Three out of 7 strains of Haemophilus influenzae were rated as eradicated, 1 strain as decreased and 3 strains as persisted. Two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 3 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae were eradicated. The bacteriological efficacy rate for the 17 strains was 70.6%. Four strains out of the 17 were found to produce beta-lactamase and 3 strains were suspected, to produce the enzyme, but of these 7 strains, 5 strains were eradicated. 3. Diarrhea and loose stool were observed as side effects in each of 2 cases. It appeared that diarrhea was related to this drug. A slight elevation of GOT was observed in 1 case in laboratory tests. 4. This drug appears to be easy for children to take in terms of taste and smell.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric field]. 324 67

Pharmacokinetics, safety and effects on bacterial infection of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were evaluated in 17 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 3 children receiving a single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight were evaluated. The half-life of ampicillin (ABPC) was 1.38 +/- 0.14 hours and that of sulbactam was 0.93 +/- 0.26 hour. 2. Fourteen cases, including 7 tonsillitis, 2 pharyngitis, 2 bronchitis, and 1 each of cystitis, scarlet fever and cellulitis were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies classified by causative organisms were evaluated in 5 children. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible in 3 cases, Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 case, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in 1 case. Eradication rate was 100%. SBTPC was more active than ABPC against ABPC-resistant strains and almost equal to or more active than cephalexin or cefaclor. 4. The only abnormal laboratory test value observed was eosinophilia in 2 children. No side effects were recorded. From the above results it is concluded that SBTPC fine granule is one of first choices of effective, useful and safe antibiotics for the treatment of infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field]. 324 70

We have evaluated sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in children. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single dose of 5.0 mg per kg body weight in 1 child were as follows: The peak serum concentrations of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) were 1.92 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 1.85 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively. The half-lives in serum and urinary excretion rate for ABPC and SBT were similar. 2. A clinical study was performed on 15 children with infections, including 4 with tonsillitis, 5 with pharyngitis, 2 each with bronchitis, cystitis, and urinary tract infections. Doses ranging from 6.7 to 18.2 mg/kg body weight were given tid. or qid. Lengths of treatment ranged from 5 to 10 days. The therapeutic responses were considered "excellent" in 6 and "good" in 9, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. 3. As to side effects of the drug, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient. It was concluded that SBTPC was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatrics]. 324 71

Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a combined drug of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) which is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase, in a clinical form of tosylate with equivalent molecules in ester linkages. A tablet form of this combined drug has been released since July, 1987 in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. Hence, the granular form of SBTPC was administered to 6 boys (age: 8 years 5 months-11 years 5 months) to determine plasma and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery-rates. The dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg was given orally just after meal to 3 boys. To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 27.1 mg/kg divided 2-4 times a day was administered for 9 days on the average to a total of 57 cases with pharyngitis (5), tonsillitis (5), laryngitis (1), bronchitis (1), pneumonia (8), scarlet fever (1), typhoid fever (1), impetigo (16), furuncle (2), abscess (6), lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (10) except 2 cases which were unevaluable for clinical effects. MICs of 7 drugs (SBTPC, ABPC, SBT, methicillin (DMPPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalexin and cefaclor) against 12 of 22 strains isolated from patients with infections of skin and soft tissue were determined with inoculum-sizes of 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml to study beta-lactamase producing activities. Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients including dropped-out cases. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean plasma peak levels of ABPC and SBT were observed at 1 hour after administration in both of the 10 mg/kg and the 15 mg/kg groups with values of 2.34 and 5.57 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 1.87 and 4.66 micrograms/ml for SBT, respectively. Mean concentrations of SBT were lower than those of ABPC in both groups and individuals. Dose-responses in plasma levels and AUCs were observed in both groups. Mean half-life values of ABPC and SBT in the 2 groups were 1.93 and 1.12 hours for ABPC and 1.97 and 1.22 for SBT, respectively. Mean half-life values for ABPC and SBT were similar in each group and this tendency was also seen among individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin granule in the pediatric field]. 324 72

Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a semi-synthesized beta-lactam antibiotic consisted of ampicillin (ABPC) and a beta-lactamase inhibitor, sulbactam (SBT), linked with an ester linkage. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies using SBTPC 10% fine granules were performed in pediatric patients with a variety of infections. 1. Pharmacokinetic investigation: SBTPC was given at 30 minutes after meal at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Peak serum levels were attained at 1 hour after dosing with average levels of 3.83 +/- 0.27 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 2.73 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml for SBT. The average half-life of ABPC was 1.52 +/- 0.25 hours and that of SBT was 1.13 +/- 0.09 hours. The urinary recovery rate of ABPC during 6 hours after dosing was 58.2 +/- 4.9% and that of SBT was 59.7 +/- 6.4%. 2. Clinical investigation: Enrolled in the study were a total of 26 patients including 12 with tonsillitis, 6 with pharyngitis, 5 with urinary tract infections, and 1 each with bronchitis, with Salmonella enteritis and a case with fever of unknown case. Responses were excellent in 15 patients, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 88.5%. In the assessment of the bacteriological efficacy, 11 out of 14 strains of organisms isolated previous to the treatment were eradicated, 1 strain was found reduced in number and 2 strains remained unchanged with an eradication rate of 78.6%. One patient (3.8%) out of the 26 had diarrhea as side effects and 3 patients (16.7%) of 18 showed eosinophilia in laboratory examinations.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin fine granules in children]. 324 73

Erythromycin acistrate (EA)--a new ester of erythromycin--was compared with erythromycin base as enterocoated pellets in capsules (EB enterocapsules) and enterocoated tablets of erythromycin base (EB enterotablets) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. The present double-blind, multicentre study, conducted in eight occupational health centres, included 474 patients; 236 treated with EA, 117 with EB enterocapsules and 121 with EB enterotablets. The diagnoses included tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis and pneumonia. The patients were examined on admission and at the end of the treatment. The dosage of EA was 400 mg tid and that of the two erythromycin base preparations 500 mg tid. The treatment was given for seven to 14 days. In the EA-group, 97% of patients were clinically cured by the end of the treatment, while the cure rates for EB enterocapsules and EB enterotablets were 95% and 94%, respectively. Gastrointestinal side effects were reported by 36% of the patients on EA, 54% on EB enterocapsules and 50% on EB enterotablets. Discontinuations due to adverse effects occurred in 8% in the EA, in 21% in the EB enterocapsule and in 12% in the EB enterotablet groups. All three preparations were thus equally effective, but EA caused statistically significantly less gastrointestinal side effects overall (P less than 0.01), especially nausea (P less than 0.01) and abdominal pain (P less than 0.05), than the two formulations containing erythromycin base. Also discontinuations due to side effects occurred statistically significantly less frequently in the EA-group.
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PMID:Treatment of respiratory tract infections with erythromycin acistrate and two formulations of erythromycin base. 339 72

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were performed on flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new oxacephem antibiotic, as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics Serum concentrations of FMOX were measured in 2 cases given 20 mg/kg bolus injection. In the 2 cases, peak concentrations of the drug were 44.3 and 197 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, T1/2 (beta) were 0.76 and 0.47 hour and AUC were 44.8 and 169.5 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. Urinary recovery rates for these cases during 6 hours were 83.1 and 54.9%, respectively. The extremely high peak serum concentration in one case may be attributed to dehydration. 2. Clinical efficacy FMOX was administrated intravenously to 12 patients, 6 with pneumonia, 2 with cellulitis, 1 each with bronchitis, tonsillitis, purulent lymphadenitis and subcutaneous abscess, in doses of 55.0-120.0 mg/kg (average 82.2 mg/kg) t.i.d. for 4-13 days (average 6.2 days). The overall efficacy rate was 100%, with excellent responses in 10 and good in 2. Bacteriological efficacy was excellent; 4 of 5 strains were eradicated and 1 strain was decreased. No clinical side effect was observed. Laboratory abnormality was observed in 1 case with transient eosinophilia. The above results suggested that FMOX would be an useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical experience with flomoxef in bacterial infection in children]. 343 Jul 21

The transfer to cerebrospinal fluid of a new oxacephem antibiotic flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) and its clinical efficacy against bacterial infections were investigated. 1. In 3 cases of purulent meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of FMOX after one shot intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg during the acute stage of infections were 5.12-6.32 micrograms/ml and ratios of FMOX in cerebrospinal fluid in serum were about 5%. During the recovery stage, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were about 3.8 micrograms/ml and cerebrospinal fluid/serum ratios were about 3.5%. 2. In 1 case of purulent meningitis, the treatment with FMOX was clinically effective but this case was classified as "unevaluable" because other drug was used concomitantly. FMOX was rated effective in other 2 cases of purulent meningitis. Of 9 cases of pneumonia, FMOX was rated very effective in 8 cases and it was rated only effective in the other. Of 4 cases of bronchitis, the drug was rated very effective in 3 cases and only effective in the other. FMOX was rated very effective against 2 cases of tonsillitis, also. 3. As side effects, thrombocytosis was observed in 3 of 20 cases examined. All cases, however, were deemed unrelated to the FMOX treatment and the side effect was only transient as are often found in courses of recovery from infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 343 Jul 23

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), a newly developed combined antibiotic in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to 15 children. Ten and 20 mg/kg doses of MK-0787 were administered by a intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes to 3 children each. In the remaining 9 cases, MK-0787 doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg were administered to 3 children each by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. Levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in plasma, urine and urinary recovery rate of the drugs were also determined. In addition, MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to a total of 29 children; 2 children with bronchitis, 16 with pneumonia, 4 with UTI, 2 with purulent lymphadenitis and 1 child each with tonsillitis, septicemia suspected disease, peritonitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and osteomyelitis/bacteremia. The average single dose was 15.3 mg/kg of MK-0787 and administrations were performed by 20-60 minutes intravenous drip infusion 3-4 times daily for an average period of 6 days. The clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug were evaluated in these cases and adverse reactions and unusual laboratory findings were also studied in a total of 33 cases including 4 other drop-out cases. Results of these studies were summarized as follows. In 6 children, 3 each who were given doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg, the mean peak plasma concentrations of the drugs were found at the end of the 30 minutes-infusion with values of 35.20 and 74.90 micrograms/ml for MK-0787 and 44.85 and 93.32 micrograms/ml for MK-0791 after the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The peak plasma levels of MK-0791 were approximately 1.3 times higher than those of MK-0787 and higher peak levels were observed in the groups with larger doses of either drugs. In the 10 mg/kg group, the mean half-lives of MK-0787 and MK-0791 were 0.97 and 0.71 hour, respectively and those values were 0.89 and 0.63 hour, respectively in the 20 mg/kg group. In both group, MK-0787 tended to have longer half-lives than MK-0791. In 9 children, 3 each who were administered doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion had the highest plasma levels for both MK-0787 and MK-0791 at the end of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field]. 346 84

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 children with bacterial infections (Table 1). The results obtained are summarized below. MICs of CZON to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to all 14 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. The MIC to 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was 0.39 microgram/ml and that to another was 0.78 microgram/ml. Two strains of Escherichia coli showed MICs of less than 0.05 and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC to 1 strain of Enterococcus faecalis was 6.25 micrograms/ml. The CZON was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 58.5 to 85.7 mg/kg by 30-minute drip infusion or intravenous injection to 22 patients (9 cases of pneumonia, 9 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 1 case each of suppurative parotitis and acute pyelonephritis) and the following clinical results were obtained; excellent: 12 cases; good: 7 cases; fair: 3 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 86% (Table 4). Diarrhea was observed in four patients, and was resolved with or without discontinuation of the medication within a week. Anemia was noted in 2 cases. Leucopenia and neutropenia was observed in 1 case. There were a moderate rises in S-GOT and S-GPT activities in 1 patient (Table 4), and they necessitated the cessation of the CZON therapy. The S-GOT and S-GPT activities became normal after the drug treatment was stopped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in children]. 359 88


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