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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neck masses in children most often represent benign lymphadenitis due to infection. The involved lymph nodes are usually small, shotty, diffusely distributed, and superficial. They may be tender and associated with an acute upper respiratory infection or with chronic infection of the tonsils and adenoids. Enlargement of the jugulodigastric node is most often associated with tonsillitis, and the spinal accessory group of nodes with adenoiditis. Acute viral diseases may be associated with lymphadenopathy; mononucleosis is the most striking example. The differential diagnosis must include deep neck-space abscesses, congenital cysts, and benign as well as malignant neoplasms. A diagnosis can be derived from a consideration of the history and physical findings, the age of the patient, and the location, size, and consistency of the mass. A careful otolaryngologic exam--including the nasopharynx, a chest radiograph, and appropriate blood studies--should be routine. When malignancy is suspected, a biopsy of the mass is indicated.
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PMID:Neck masses in children: diagnosis and treatment. 95 41

We have summarized our experience in recovery of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) in head and neck infection (HNI). These HNI include conjunctivitis, serous and chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, chronic mastoiditis, chronic sinusitis, adenoiditis, recurrent tonsillitis in children and adults, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria were found in 262 (51%) of 513 patients with HNI; 72% had aerobic BLPB and 57% had anaerobic BLPB. The infections, where these organisms were most frequently recovered, were adenoiditis (85% of patients), tonsillitis in adults (82%) and children (74%), retropharyngeal abscess (71%), and chronic otitis media (57%). The predominant BLPB were Staphylococcus aureus (49% of patients with BLPB), the Bacteroides-melaninogenicus group (28%), the Bacteroides fragilis group (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Hemophilus influenzae (5%), and Branhamella catarrhalis (3%). The high incidence of recovery of BLPB in head and neck infections may have important implications on the antimicrobial management of these infections.
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PMID:Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in head and neck infection. 325 96

Branhamella catarrhalis has been recovered from various sites of infection in the respiratory tract. These include chronic otitis media, tonsillitis, adenoiditis and pneumonia. This organism was recovered in many of these infections mixed with other aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Increasing numbers of isolates of this organism have been noted to produce beta-lactamase. This may contribute to the high failure rate of penicillins in eradicating polymicrobial respiratory infections.
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PMID:Direct and indirect pathogenicity of Branhamella catarrhalis. 348 2

A two-years-old boy with Down's Syndrome and a small interauricular communication was given priority scheduling for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy to correct subacute obstruction of the upper airway. The only noteworthy event during surgery was an SpO2 of 92% during mechanical ventilation with FiO2 of 0.5 from no apparent cause. The patient suffered acute respiratory insufficiency due to the post-obstructive pulmonary edema in the hours immediately following surgery. The incidence of post-obstructive pulmonary edema is higher than might be expected, as symptoms can be interpreted as aspiration pneumonitis or left ventricular failure. Given the high prevalence of adenoiditis and tonsillitis with varying degrees of airway obstruction in children, we consider it useful to report this case. Such patients should be monitored carefully in the early postoperative period.
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PMID:[Post-obstructive pulmonary edema after adenoid-amygdalectomy]. 971 24

Among diseases of children of young age dominate pathologies of otorhinolaryngological profile. Due to good blood circulation characteristics of these organs and also predominantly inflammatory or allergic nature of these diseases, laser therapy is considered to be an effective therapeutic procedure in the otorhinolaryngology. It is well known, that one of the characteristics of laser irradiation is the improvement of microcirculation in the cases of diseases involving inflammatory and allergic mechanisms. Treatment of 445 children and teenagers aged 2-15 with the following diseases: pollinosis (68), adenoiditis and rhino-sinusitis (198), tonsillitis (64) and otitis (115) was carried out simultaneously with infrared and red laser irradiations. The positive results were achieved in 85% of patients. The results achieved by us with simultaneous irradiations using infrared and red lasers prove the effectiveness of these methods for treatment of otorhinolaryngological diseases.
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PMID:[Experience on treatment of children with otorhinolaryngological diseases by low intensity laser irradiation]. 1651 Sep 21

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are probably the commonest surgeries performed in the ENT field as well as the most controversial ones. There are very few consensus documents available for these two surgeries. In 1997 a document written by the two mentioned Societies was published, in order to update such document regarding tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy procedures we have met this year representatives from both scientific societies and a new document has been elaborated. We describe the diagnostic criteria of pharyngo-tonsillitis and adenoiditis as well as of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, with the aim of a better comprehension of these processes when a decision needs to be made regarding surgery. Indications and contraindications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are here described.
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PMID:[Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: consensus document by the Spanish Society of ORL and the Spanish Society of Pediatrics]. 1655 Aug 58

Aim of the present study was to identify bacterial biofilms in tissue samples obtained from paediatric patients undergoing surgical treatment, for chronic and recurrent adeno-tonsillitis, not responding to repeated cycles of selective medical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment and to assay the ability of Haemophilus influenzae strains, most frequently identified in the culture examinations, to grow as biofilm in vitro. Overall, 25 surgical specimens (15 adenoids, 10 tonsils) were examined from the upper respiratory tract, from 15 paediatric patients (mean age 6 years). All patients were affected by recurrent and/or chronic adenoiditis and adenotonsillitis unresponsive to selective antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Tissues were cultured using conventional methods and subjected to scanning electron microscopy for detection of biofilm. Haemophilus influenzae strains, were cultured on 96-sterile well polystyrene microtitre plates (CELLSTAR-greiner bio-one) and stained with 1% crystal violet to quantify biofilm production. Bacterial cocci attached to the tissue surface and organized in colonies, with a morphology consistent with bacterial coccoid biofilms, were observed in all adenoid (15/15) and in 6/10 tonsil samples. Haemophilus influenzae isolates from 12/25 (48%) of our tissue samples scored a percent transmittance (%T(bloc)) > 50, displaying a high capacity to form biofilms (level 4). In conclusion identification of bacterial biofilms in chronic and/or recurrent paediatric upper airway inflammatory processes and the capacity to produce biofilm in vitro, demonstrated by Haemophilus influenzae (the most frequently identified bacteria in our samples), could be related to the aetiopathogenic role of biofilms in chronic inflammatory mucosal reactions and to the resistance of these infections to selective antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Biofilm formation by Haemophilus influenzae isolated from adeno-tonsil tissue samples, and its role in recurrent adenotonsillitis. 1788 91

Biofilms are microbial communities consisting of bacteria that either are self-reproducing on biological surfaces or are present in the lifeless environment. Biofilms are quite diffuse entities frequently found in human pathological conditions. The formation of bacterial biofilms involves mainly the contamination of artificial medical devices, such as valves and catheters, and their direct implant on mucous membranes, with subsequent development of chronic or recurrent infections. Bacterial biofilms show a complex organization consisting of bacterial cells adherent to a surface and surrounded by a large extracellular matrix mostly made up of polysaccharides and proteins. The resistance observed in biofilms does not appear to be genotypic; instead, it is due to multicellular strategies and/or to the ability of each cell, contained inside the biofilm, to differentiate into a protected phenotypic state which tolerates the antibiotic action. In fact, biofilms are subject to changes following their recurrent exposure to antimicrobial agents, thus incrementing their resistance. Biofilms play an important role in otitis media, sinusitis, chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media, tonsillitis and adenoiditis, thus demonstrating that adenoidectomy may be helpful to children suffering from such a morbid conditions. It is presently estimated that biofilm formation is involved in at least 60% of all chronic and/or recurrent infections. In addition, 30% of the exudates developing in the course of otitis media has shown to be positive for the presence of biofilms; likewise biofilms have been found in tonsillar crypts and in odontostomatologic infections as well. Studies have been carried out on both the use and the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in biofilm breakdown. It has been shown that NAC, used at different concentrations, is able to reduce bacterial adhesion in several anatomical districts.
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PMID:Biofilms and infections of the upper respiratory tract. 2070 88

Incidence and predominant causes of deafness in 20 neonates, 100 infants and 1340 school going population in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent, was investigated by the E. N. T. Department, of Dayanand Medical college and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab.The recorded incidence of deafness in school going children was 12.16% comprising conductive loss (98%) and S. N. loss 2%. Out of many cases more notable were chronic rhinitis, tonsillitis, adenoiditis etc.
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PMID:Deafness in paediatric age group. 2311 36

The objective of the present study was to analyse the experience with the application of a mixture of bacterial lysates, IRS-19, designed for the treatment of adults and children. The results of an original investigations are presented based on the examination of 60 patients (40 boys and 20 girls) representing a group of frequently ill children. It was shown that the treatment of frequently ill children requires the proper choice of topical lysates for their inclusion in combined therapeutic modalities to control intracellular and mixed infections for the purpose of fast sanitation of the oropharynx and normalization of the throat microflora. The review places special emphasis on the main indications for and approaches to the treatment and prophylaxis of acute, chronic, and recurring diseases affecting the children for the prevention of their complications, such as sinusitis, adenoiditis, and tonsillitis.
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PMID:[The experience with the application of bacterial lysates in the clinical practice of a pediatrician and otorhinolarynologist]. 2325 May 34


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