Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 82 patients with acute tonsillitis studied, beta-hemolytic group A streptococci were isolated from 30 (37%), and group C or G streptococci from 12 (15%). In the 40 patients with non-streptococcal tonsillitis there was a significantly higher isolation rate of pneumococci, H. influenzae and/or B. catarrhalis, as compared with those with beta-hemolytic streptococci. Patients were classified regarding clinical status according to standardized criteria as severe, moderate, or mild. The patients with group A streptococcal tonsillitis were significantly more often classified clinically as 'severe' and had significantly shorter duration of symptoms before seeking medical care, as compared with those with non-streptococcal tonsillitis. Significant increases in white blood cell count and in anti-DNase B were found in the patients with group A streptococcal tonsillitis, whereas their antistreptolysin O levels did not increase significantly. C-reactive protein concentrations were consistently higher in the patients with group A streptococcal tonsillitis. No evidence of polyclonal beta-lymphocyte stimulation was found when measuring antibodies against pneumococci and group B streptococci. The findings show clinical and simple laboratory tests to be useful aids in distinguishing group A streptococcal tonsillitis from non-streptococcal tonsillitis, and that other bacteria may be involved in non-streptococcal tonsillitis.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings in patients with acute tonsillitis. 331 20

A multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of a twice-a-day administration of erythromycin base was performed on 261 adolescent or adult patients with acute tonsillitis. The patients were randomized for each doctor separately into q.i.d. (4 x 250 mg) and b.i.d. (2 x 500 mg) groups. Throat swabs were cultured for group A beta-haemolytic streptococci before the treatment and, in positive cases (100 patients), 2-3 days after completing the treatment of at least 7 days. No significant difference in the efficacy between the two regimens was observed as judged by clinical evaluation or bacteriological examination. About 90% of patients were completely healed by both criteria in both treatment groups. Side-effects were reported in 40 and 44% respectively, in the treatment groups. However, only 9/244 (3.7%) had to stop the treatment because of side-effects. Six of these belonged to the b.i.d. group and 3 to the q.i.d. group. This difference is not statistically significant (p greater than or equal to 0.05). Our results suggest that twice-a-day regimen of erythromycin base is an effective and well-tolerated treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis.
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PMID:Twice-a-day regimen of erythromycin base is effective in the treatment of acute streptococcal tonsillitis. 332 49

This study reports on an immunohistochemical examination of the tonsils. For this purpose 10 clinically healthy tonsils, 15 with acute tonsillitis, 40 with chronic cryptic tonsillitis and 16 hyperplastic tonsils were studied by means of the direct immunofluorescent technique. With regard to the clinically healthy tonsils: the number, the size of the germinal centres and the density of the immunocytes in them were very large in the hyperplastic tonsils, large in chronic cryptic tonsillitis, but remarkably decreased in acute tonsillitis. The disseminated immunoglobulin of the centres also presented a significant increase in all of them. In the extrafollicular area the fluorescent immunocytes were significantly increased. Although we did not notice differences in the density of IgA and IgM immunocytes between chronic cryptic tonsillitis and hyperplastic tonsils in the acute tonsillitis IgA immunocytes were found to be increased.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of the palatine tonsils]. 334 34

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON) was given intravenously to 20 pediatric patients with the following acute bacterial infections: 13 of bronchopneumonia and 1 each of tonsillitis, purulent cervical lymphadenitis and acute tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pyothorax, purulent meningitis complicated with septic arthritis, and urinary tract infection. Good clinical responses were obtained in all of the 20 patients and bacterial eradication of all 16 strains. No side effect was observed except 3 cases of slight elevation of transaminase, and 1 case each of soft stool and eosinophilia. From the above clinical results, it appears that CZON is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical observations on cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 361 86

A newly developed cephalosporin, cefixime (CFIX), was evaluated clinically in 35 pediatric patients. A pharmacokinetic study was also performed with 11 patients. CFIX was administered as granules. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 11 patients, each of 6 patients was given CFIX at a dose of 3 mg/kg and each of the remaining patients was given CFIX at 6 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of CFIX were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations of CFIX were measured for periods of 0-6 and 6-12 hours after dosing. CFIX was assayed by the disk method using E. coli ATCC 39188 as the test organism. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 35 children including 5 patients of acute tonsillitis, 10 of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 1 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of scarlet fever, 8 of acute bronchitis, 5 of pneumonia, 3 of urinary tract infections and 1 of paratyphoid B. One additional patient was included only in the evaluation of safety since he was suffering from Mycoplasma pneumonia. the patients were from 4 months to 8 years 2 months old and 11 of them were inpatients. Daily doses were from 6.0 to 13.5 mg/kg. After CFIX administration in doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations were 1.75 and 3.36 micrograms/ml, half-lives were 2.65 and 2.86 hours and urinary excretions rates up to 12 hours after dosing were 16.1 and 12.4%, respectively. Serum concentrations were dose dependent and the half-life was fairly long compared with other known oral cephalosporins. Clinical efficacies of CFIX in 34 patients were "excellent" in 25 children, "good" in 8 and "poor" in 1 with effectiveness rate of 97.1%. Twenty-two strains of causative organisms, including 6 strains of S. aureus, 3 of S. pyogenes, 2 of S. pneumoniae, 3 of E. coli, 5 of H. influenzae, 2 of H. parainfluenzae and 1 of S. paratyphi B, were isolated. After treatment all strains except 2 strains of S. aureus (one was unknown and the other was decreased), 1 strain of S. pneumoniae (unknown) and 1 strain of H. influenzae (unknown) were successfully eradicated but S. paratyphi B was proved again in feces 9 days after treatment. No adverse reaction was observed. Among 18 children who went through laboratory test, however, an elevation of eosinophile and elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 2 children and 1 child, respectively.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefixime granules in pediatrics]. 376 35

The authors were in close contact with children who had indications for tonsillectomy and investigated them in both acute tonsillitis and intermittent periods of tonsil inflammation. The results obtained were as follows: Repeated attacks of acute tonsillitis clearly decreased in number. No secondary diseases due to tonsillitis were observed. When repeated attacks of acute tonsillitis occurred, the symptoms were not as serious as previously.
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PMID:Long-term investigation of habitual tonsillitis in children. 376 80

267 outpatients with acute tonsillitis were studied with regard to clinical signs and symptoms and presence of beta-hemolytic streptococci. Beta-hemolytic streptococci were found in 169 patients (63%), compared to 6/64 healthy controls (9%). Of the tonsillitis patients with beta-hemolytic streptococci, 80% harboured group A and 20% groups C and G. Five out of 6 controls had group C and G streptococci. Eight clinical signs and symptoms of acute tonsillitis were rated on a 10-point scale. A correlation was found between redness in the oropharynx and on the tonsils and positive culture for beta-hemolytic streptococci group A. The total WBC count, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and ratio of polymorphonuclear to mononuclear leucocytes were strongly correlated to a positive culture for streptococci group A. Groups C and G did not show these correlations. The study stresses the importance of quantitative culture technique and the value of this for diagnosis in the acute ill patient with tonsillitis.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of symptoms and signs in acute tonsillitis in children over the age of 10 and in adults. 405 66

A multicenter cooperative clinical trial was carried out on S6472 (a long-acting preparation of cefaclor (CCL)) to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology. The results are as follows: The clinical efficacy of the drug could be evaluated in 114 patients. An efficacy rate of 65.8% was obtained. The efficacy rate for each disease was found to be 60.0% for acute suppurative otitis media, 12.5% for chronic suppurative otitis media and 44.4% for acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. The overall efficacy rate for all cases of suppurative otitis media was 46.4%. The efficacy rate for acute tonsillitis was found to be 93.1%. In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, the efficacy of the drug was rated as excellent or good in all cases. The overall efficacy rate for all cases of tonsillitis was found to be 93.9%. In the treatment of other infectious diseases, the efficacy was rated as excellent or good in all cases. When the cases by resistant organisms to CCL were excluded from the evaluation, the overall efficacy rate of the drug was found to be 74.2%. The bacteria could be identified in 106 cases. Regarding the bacteriological efficacy of single infections, its bacterial elimination rate was found to be 81.1% for Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, etc., while it was 42.9% for Gram-negative bacteria. The overall elimination rate of bacteria in single infections was 73.1%. The bacterial elimination rate for mixed infections was found to be 85.7%, whereas it was 76.8% when the single and mixed infections were combined. Regarding side effects, 1 case each of diarrhea, soft stool and rash, or 3 cases in total (2.4%), were recorded in a total of 123 patients. However, the severity of each side effect was mild. Regarding abnormal laboratory findings, there were 1 case each of an increase in S-GPT, leukopenia and complication of eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia, or 3 cases in total (7.0%). Each of these adverse reactions was, however, transient in nature, and no serious cases were observed. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that S6472 can provide sufficient clinical efficacy when it is administered at daily dosage of 750 mg or 1,500 mg in 2 divided doses after the breakfast and dinner.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of S6472 in otorhinolaryngologic infections]. 406 19

The presence of encapsulated and abscess-forming organisms belonging to the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group was investigated in 25 children with acute tonsillitis, and in 23 children without tonsillar inflammation (control). Encapsulated organisms of the B melaninogenicus group were found in 23 of 25 children with acute tonsillitis as compared with five of 23 controls. Subcutaneous inoculation into mice of the Bacteroides strains isolated from patients with tonsillitis produced abscesses in 17 of 25 instances, as compared with nine of the 23 of the controls. Group A streptococci were recovered from the tonsils of five children with tonsillitis and from four of the control group. These findings suggest a possible pathogenic role for the B melaninogenicus group in acute tonsillar infection in children.
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PMID:Bacteroides melaninogenicus. Its recovery from tonsils of children with acute tonsillitis. 613 4

cAMP metabolism, including the intracellular cAMP level and adenylcyclase activity, was studied in tonsillar and peripheral lymphocytes. The basal activity of adenylcyclase was significantly higher in tonsillar lymphocytes than in peripheral lymphocytes, although the basal level of intracellular cAMP did not differ. The responsiveness of the intracellular cAMP level and adenylcyclase activity stimulated by 10(-5) M isoproterenol, or 10(-5) M prostaglandin E1, which was thought to stimulate this enzyme through a specific receptor, was significantly lower in tonsillar lymphocytes than in peripheral lymphocytes. Moreover, the responsiveness of adenylcyclase activity to 10(-2) M NaF, which was thought to stimulate this enzyme directly, was also significantly lower in tonsillar lymphocytes. Tonsillar T lymphocytes represented a lower cAMP basal level than tonsillar B lymphocytes, but no difference was observed in the responsiveness of intracellular cAMP to the above agents. Tonsillar lymphocytes derived from patients with recurrent tonsillitis represented significantly lower cAMP responsiveness than those from patients of other chronic tonsillitis. Furthermore, in the tonsillar lymphocytes from patients with a recent attack of acute tonsillitis, a more depressed responsiveness of the intracellular cAMP level to the above agents was recognized. The cAMP basal level was not changed by these pathological alterations of tonsillitis.
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PMID:Studies on the intracellular cAMP metabolism of tonsillar lymphocytes. 627 29


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