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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical efficacy and the safety of cefteram pivoxil granule (CFTM-PI, T-2588), a newly prepared drug for pediatric use, were performed. A total of 60 patients with ages between 6 months and 14 years 3 months with pediatric infections were medicated with CFTM-PI at dose levels of 3.2-9.9 mg/kg 3 times daily for 3-11 days. Clinical responses to the drug were excellent in 3 of 3 patients with acute pharyngitis, excellent in 14, good in 5 and poor in 2 of 21 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, excellent in 1 and good in 2 of 3 patients with acute bronchitis, excellent in 16 and good in 8 of 24 patients with acute pneumonia, excellent in 3 and good in 1 of 4 patients with acute urinary tract infection and excellent in 2 of 2 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis, hence the overall clinical efficacy rate was 96.5% in a total of 57 patients. Bacteriological responses to the drug were as follows: Eradicated, 8 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 19 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive; 7, beta-lactamase negative; 12), 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase positive) and 4 strains of Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase positive; 1, beta-lactamase negative; 3), decreased, 1 strain of S. pyogenes, hence the eradication rate was 97.2%. No side effects were encountered in any of the patients but for 3 who had diarrhoea and 1 who had loose stool, though these changes were slight. As abnormal laboratory test data, elevation of GOT was noted in 1 case, thrombocytosis and elevation of GPT in another. Also, none of the patients refused or complained of difficulty in intaking of the drug via oral route. In conclusion, CFTM-PI appeared to be a safe and highly effective antibiotic against pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 58

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical studies of cefixime (CFIX), a newly developed oral cephalosporin, was conducted in our pediatric department as outlined below. Bacteriology The prevalent MICs of CFIX by microbiological species, compared with those of the reference drugs, were detailed below. Against 16 strains of S. aureus, the MICs averaged 6.25 micrograms/ml, and were found to be nearly the same as the MICs of amoxicillin (AMPC) but higher than those of cephalexin (CEX) and cefaclor (CCL). For 4 strains of S. pyogenes, the MICs averaged 0.05 microgram/ml, and were higher than the MICs of AMPC but lower than those of CEX and CCL. Mean MICs of CFIX against other clinical isolates were lower than those of CEX, CCL, or AMPC; E. coli (20 strains), 3.13 micrograms/ml; K. pneumoniae (9), 0.10 microgram/ml; P. mirabilis (16), 0.025 microgram/ml; P. vulgaris (5), 0.10 microgram/ml; H. influenzae (11), 0.05 microgram/ml; and S. typhimurium (4), 0.10 microgram/ml. The MICs of CFIX against 10 strains of P. aeruginosa were distributed at and above 25 micrograms/ml, a range much lower than greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml for CEX, CCL, or AMPC. Pharmacokinetics The serum concentrations and urinary recovery were studied in 3 children ranging from age 7 to 13. They were given CFIX on empty stomach in 2 different single doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg in a cross-over design. Average serum CFIX concentrations were dose-dependent, as evidenced by the respective peak concentrations of 1.70 microgram/ml for a 3 mg/kg dosage and 2.72 micrograms/ml for 6 mg/kg, which were attained 4 hours after the administration of the drug. The average half-lives of CFIX in the serum were 3.09 hours and 3.11 hours, respectively, and the 12-hour serum concentrations were 0.32 microgram/ml and 0.77 microgram/ml, respectively, for the 2 different dose levels. The average 12-hour urinary recovery was 25.2% and 22.3%, respectively. Clinical study Clinical effectiveness, bacteriological effectiveness, and side effects were studied in 27 children with infection including 4 patients with acute pharyngitis, 13 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 with acute pneumonia, 3 with urinary tract infection, and 1 each with acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. One child with acute pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumonia) was excluded from the study. The therapeutic effectiveness was "excellent" in 21, "good" in 3, "fair" in 1, and "poor" in 1, with an effectiveness rate of 92.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics]. 376 39

The Neisseria species with which most otolaryngologists are familiar is N gonorrhoeae, which can cause acute pharyngitis or tonsillitis. Less well known is N meningitidis, responsible for potentially fatal meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia. Although present in the carrier state in the pharynx of asymptomatic individuals, N meningitidis previously has not been associated with symptomatic pharyngeal or tonsillar disease. Its isolation from a patient with acute tonsillitis and failure to eliminate the symptoms and organism with penicillin led to use of rifampin. Disappearance of sore throat following use of this antibiotic and inability at completion of therapy to isolate the organism from a homogenate of excised tonsil would appear to implicate the organism as a cause of acute pharyngeal and tonsillar infection. It should be added to the list of organisms capable of producing acute tonsillitis, and rifampin should be considered a chemotherapeutic agent.
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PMID:Tonsillitis due to neisseria meningitidis. Its treatment with rifampin. 678 29

Clinical studies on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) was carried out in 31 patients with respiratory tract infections (acute pharyngitis 6, acute purulent tonsillitis 5, scarlet fever 1, acute bronchitis 6, pneumonia 13 cases), in dose of 12 approximately 34 mg/kg divided 3 per day for 3 approximately 19 days. The overally efficacy rate was 74.2%. As to adverse reaction, exanthema and diarrhea with abdominal pain were observed in each 1 patient. Eosinophilia and elevation of serum GPT were noted in each 1 patient.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in respiratory tract infections in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 698 Feb 96

In a prospective study, during a period of 1 year, 1,116 children over 1 year of age, with acute pharyngitis-tonsillitis, were examined by a group of Swiss pediatricians. Throat swabs were cultured for the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and treatment was withheld pending results in most cases. The throat swab cultures were positive in 29.6% of the cases. There were no incidences of acute glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever or severe purulent local complications. The findings confirm the recommendations in the American literature concerning clinic, diagnosis and management, and they can be applied in Switzerland.
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PMID:Streptococcal pharyngitis-tonsillitis in Swiss children. Diagnosis and management. 701 49

Laboratory and clinical investigations were performed in the field of pediatrics with cefadroxil dry syrup, a new semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. (1) MIC of cefadroxil was measured, to compare with that of cephalexin (CEX), on 30 strains of S. aureus, 30 strains of S. pyogenes and 26 strains of E. coli, all of which were isolated clinically in the field of pediatrics. Two strains of S. aureus showed more than 100 microgram/ml with inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and remaining 28 strains were distributed between 1.56 similar to or approximately 12.5 microgram/ml, while at inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml, each 1 strain showed 25 microgram/ml and 50 microgram/ml, and the remaining strains were distributed between 1.56 similar to or approximately 3.13 microgram/ml. All 30 strains of S. pyogenes were inhibited the growth by less than 0.2 microgram/ml with inoculum size of both 10(8) cells/ml and 10(6) cells/ml. Three strains of E. coli showed MIC of more than 100 microgram/ml with inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and the remaining 23 strains were distributed between 12.5 similar to or approximately 25 microgram/ml, while with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml, 3 strains showed more than 100 microgram/ml, and the remaining strains were distributed between 6.25 similar to or approximately 12.5 microgram/ml. In comparison with the results of CEX, cefadroxil was nearly equal to S. aureus and E. coli, whereas it was 2 grades superior to S. pyogenes. (2) A dose of 10 mg/kg of cefadroxil dry syrup was administered before 30 minutes of breakfast in 3 cases of children, and serum level, urinary level and recovery rate in urine were investigated. Average serum level was 15.2 +/- 2.39 microgram/ml in 1/2 hour, 16.4 +/- 2.3 microgram/ml in 1 hours. 10.1 +/- 2.8 microgram/ml in 2 hours, 3.8 +/- 1.5 microgram/ml in 4 hours and 1.0 +/- 0.4 microgram/ml in 6 hours, and average T 1/2 was 1.24 +/- 0.22 hours. Average urinary level was 857 +/0 232 microgram/ml in 0 similar to or approximately 2 hours, 690 +/- 180 microgram/ml in 2 similar to or approximately 4 hours and 249 +/- 55 microgram/ml in 4 similar to or approximately 6 hours, and average recovery ratio in urine was 86.3 +/- 17.5% within 0 similar to or approximately 6 hours. (3) Cefadroxil dry syrup was administered clinically in 20 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 cases of acute bronchitis, 14 cases of acute pharyngitis, 5 cases of acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis and 2 cases of acute urinary tract infection. Clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and its side effect were investigated in total 46 cases of bacterial infection. A dose of 21.1 similar to or approximately 57.1 mg/kg of cefadroxil was administered daily, divided into 3, after each meal for 1 similar to or approximately 10 days, total dose being 0.5 similar to or approximately 11.0 g. Efficacy rate of cefadroxil, including excellent and effective effects, was 90.0% in acute purulent tonsillitis, 60.0% in acute bronchitis, 100.0% in acute pharyngitis, 80...
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 724 9

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefroxadine (CXD) were carried out, and we have obtained the following results. (1) Sensitivity distribution: As for the sensitivity distribution in S. aureus, the peak was within the ranges from 3.13 to 6.25 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml, the distribution was less than or equal to 0.1 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, with the peak at 1.56 to 6.25 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, the sensitivity distribution ranged between less than 0.1 and 1.56 microgram/ml, with the peak at 0.1 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml. In the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, however, the all strains were distributed within the ranges of 0.1 to 0.78 microgram/ml, and the growth of 49 out of 54 strains (91%) was inhibited at less than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml. In E. coli, the sensitivity peak was at 25 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(8) CFU/ml, and 5 strains (9.3%) were detected with greater than 100 microgram/ml. Of the 5 strains, 1 strain showed cross tolerance with CEX, the remaining 4 strains was at 50 microgram/ml and at 25 microgram/ml in 2 strains each. In the case of inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, the sensitivity distribution was all within the ranges from 0.78 to 12.5 microgram/ml, except for 1 strain at 100 microgram/ml, with the peak being within the ranges from 3.13 to 12.5 microgram/ml. As for the above 100 microgram/ml-strain, it was showing cross tolerance with CEX. (2) Serum concentration: CXD was administered at a dose level of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg between meals to 5 children, and CXD concentration in their serum was measured. In the group of the 10 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 8.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 9.15 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 7.4 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 2.85 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 1.0 microgram/ml and 6 hours value; 0.32 microgram/ml, with half-life of 0.88 hours. In the group of the 20 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 11.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 16.8 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 10.7 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 8.15 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 3.33 microgram/ml, 6 hours value; 1.22 microgram/ml, with half-life of 1.03 hours. A significant interrelation in dose response was observed between the 2 groups. (3) CLINICAL RESULTS: Clinical investigation were held in 29 cases (47 boys and 32 girls). Their diseases comprised of 2 acute pharyngitis, 28 acute purulent tonsillitis, 11 scarlet fever, 3 cervical purulent lymphadenitis, 14 acute bronchitis, 7 acute pneumonia, 11 urinary tract infection and 3 skin soft tissue infection. The drug was effective in 74 out of the 79 cases (93.7%). Causative organism was proved in 60 out of the 79 cases. Fifty-five cases (91.7%) were observed bacterial disappearance or reduction in the 60 cases. Side effects were observed in a total of 3 cases (3.8%), i.e. 2 cases of abnormal values in the laboratory findings (an eosinophilia and/or an elevation of the GPT readings) and 1 case of manifestation of exanthema.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefroxadine in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 733 86

Basic and clinical evaluations of a new oral cephalosporin cefroxadine (CXD) in pediatric fields were investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. MICs of CXD against various bacteria were compared with those of cephalexin (CEX). MIC peaks of CXD against clinically isolated S. aureus (22 strains), S. pyogenes (25), S. pneumoniae (8), H. influenzae (23), and E. coli (23) in pediatric fields, were 1.56, 0.2, 1.56, 25 approximately 50 and 6 .25 microgram/ml, respectively in the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and they were 1.56, less than 0.1, 0.78, 25 and 6.25 microgram/ml respectively in the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. In comparison with CEX, MIC peaks of CXD against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae and E. coli were almost the same with those of the former, it was, however, better by 1 approximately 2 tubes than that of CEX against S. pneumoniae. 2. CXD in the form of dry syrup was administered orally at a dose of either 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg to 5 children, and the serum levels and the urinary excretion were evaluated. In the case of 3 children who were administered a dose of 10 mg/kg the mean serum levels were 11.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes, 13.7 microgram/ml after 1 hour, 4.7 microgram/ml after 2 hours, 0.7 microgram/ml after 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml after 6 hours, while those 2 children who were administered a dose of 20 mg/kg, they were 15.1, 28.5, 12.5, 2.0 and 0.9 microgram/ml respectively. The mean periods of half-life in serum were 0.87 hour in the case of 10 mg/kg and 0.94 hour in the case of 20 mg/kg. The mean excretion rates were 83.8% in the case of 10 mg/kg and 59.8% in the case 20 mg/kg. 3. CXD dry syrup was administered to 31 children with various bacterial infections i.e. acute pharyngitis (15 cases), acute purulent tonsillitis (10 cases), acute bronchitis (4 cases) and 1 case each of acute pyelonephritis and acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis, and the clinical and bacteriological responses and side effect were investigated. The clinical response was either excellent or good in all of the cases. Out of the S. pyogenes (20 strains), S. aureus (1), S. pneumoniae (2), E. coli (1) and H. influenzae (1), bacteriological eradication was observed in all strains with the exception of 1 strain each in S. pyogenes and H. influenzae in which reduction was observed. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 733 91

Strains of S. aureus and H. influenzae which were isolated from the throats of 41 children suffering from successive acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis were compared. All strains which were isolated at least twice, during acute occurrences, or more from the throat of each child, were traced by: phago-typing, biochemical properties, antibiogram and ability to produce beta-lactamases (S. aureus), or by: biotyping, serotyping, ability to produce beta-lactamases and antibiogram (H. influenzae). Based on these investigations it was concluded that the bacterial strains among the examined children had often changed. It was concluded that only a few children were a carriers of the same strain of S. aureus.
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PMID:[Properties of S. aureus and H. influenzae strains residing in the throats of children]. 749 23

The trial of a new antibiotic dirithromycin against acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis for safety and efficacy included 28 patients with acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Microbiological, biochemical, clinical and laboratory tests were conducted throughout the treatment and 2-3 weeks after the end of dirithromycin administration. The results support dirithromycin clinical potential in acute, chronic pharyngeal inflammation due to its high selective activity in relation to beta-hemolytic streptococcus A and the absence of side effects.
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PMID:[Dirithromycin, a new antibiotic in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation]. 750 54


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