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Query: UMLS:C0039730 (thalassemia)
 10,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten newborn infants, all belonging to one family, suffered from severe hemolytic anemia. Four babies died shortly before or after birth, six recovered (one spontaneously, 5 after one or more exchange transfusions). In 5 out of 8 patients a mixed hyperbilirubinemia was observed in the immediate postnatal period, with elevated levels of indirect- as well as direct-reacting bilirubin. After the neonatal period, a slight hypochromic, microcytic anemia persisted, without icterus but with decreased osmotic fragility of the erytrocytes and with target cells in the blood smear. The same hematological picture was observed in one of the parents of each affected baby. All anemic adults belong to one large family; therefore, a dominant mode of inheritance is most likely. Although the hematological findings are suggestive for beta-thalassemia normal HbF and HbA2 levels were observed. In vitro incorporation of radioactive leucine into globin chains in reticulocytes demonstrated defective synthesis of beta chains in the affected adults; in two affected infants the same technique showed defective gamma-chain synthesis as well. Analysis of the hemoglobin genes proved that the affected family members are suffering from heterozygous gamma-delta-beta-thalassemia, as originally described by Kan et al. (1972).
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PMID:[Hemolytic disease of the newborn and chronic hypochromic microcytic anemia in one family: gamma-delta-beta thalassemia]. 733 Aug 40

The results are described of 200 antenatal diagnostic tests for haemoglobinopathies performed on samples of fetal blood obtained during the second trimester of pregnancy. Haemoglobin A synthesis in the fetus was measured by incorporation of tritiated leucine in vitro and separation of the globin chains on CM23 columns. The range of HbA synthesis detected was 3.5-8.0% in normal fetuses, 2.0-5.0% in fetuses with thalassaemia trait, and less than 1.6% in fetuses with thalassaemia major. There were eight cases in which other haemoglobinopathies were diagnosed. 29% of the pregnancies were terminated because thalassaemia major was diagnosed, and 9.5% of the remaining healthy fetuses were lost for obstetric reasons. Follow up has been possible for 96% of the 124 surviving babies and three misdiagnoses have come to light; one false positive (0.5%) and two false negatives (1%). These figures represent a first effort at antenatal diagnosis for haemoglobinopathies and it is likely that they will improve with the passage of time.
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PMID:Haematological aspects of antenatal diagnosis for thalassaemia in Britain. 742 53

We examined globin chain synthesis in erythroid bursts (BFU-E) of patients with heterozygous alpha or beta thalassaemia. BFU-E were cloned from circulating mononuclear cells, labelled with [3H]leucine and globin chains purified by gel filtration and column chromatography. In six patients heterozygous for beta thalassaemia, globin synthesis in BFU-E was nearly balanced, with an alpha/non alpha ratio of 1.05 +/- 0.12. These BFU-E produced 33.8 +/- 12.7% gamma globin chain, an amount similar (P > 0.05) to that found in 10 controls with sickle cell anaemia (25.6 +/- 6.7) but greater (P > 0.05) than that of five normal controls (17.2 +/- 2.2). The balanced globin synthesis appeared due to the large amounts of gamma chain made by BFU-E. In two alpha thalassaemia carriers, who also had sickle cell trait, the BFU-E alpha/non-alpha ratio was 0.67 and 0.79. These BFU-E produced 15% and 20% gamma chain and 39% and 45% betaS globin. The synthesis of betaS globin in BFU-E exceeded the erythrocyte levels of 20% and 29% HbS and indicated nearly equal expression of betaA and betaB globin genes in these proliferating erythroid precursors. This provides further evidence that the low levels of HbS in sickle cell carriers with alpha thalassaemia are due to post-translational events resulting from the differing affinity of betaS and betaA globin for alpha chain and the destruction of excessive betaS chain.
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PMID:Globin biosynthesis in erythroid bursts of heterozygous alpha or beta thalassaemia. 743 46

Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation of the alpha, beta, (A)gamma and (G)gamma chains from human blood samples. The alpha and beta chains were normally eluted close together, but their separation was improved by coupling 2 or 3 columns in series, or by increasing the temperature of the columns. This method has been applied for the determination of beta/gamma ratios in blood samples obtained at fetoscopy from normal pregnancies and fetuses at risk for beta-thalassemia. The values obtained by high pressure chromatography were similar but slightly lower than those found by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chromatography. The average (G)gamma/(A)gamma ratio of the chains labeled after a 2-hr pulse with [3H] leucine was almost identical to the actual (G)gamma/(A)gamma measured by absorbance at 280 nm, indicating a constant rate of synthesis and accumulation of both globin chains in the first trimester fetus.
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PMID:Rapid procedure for globin chain analysis in blood samples of normal and beta-thalassemic fetuses. 744 29

A recently initiated collaboration between Russian and American institutions has resulted in the characterization of several known or new beta-thalassemia alleles and unstable hemoglobin types. Nine known beta-thalassemia alleles were present which have also been found in Mediterranean, East Asian, and Black populations; the possibility of independent mutations for some of the rare alleles should be considered. Hb Durham-N.C./Brescia with a codon 114 (CTG-->CCG; Leu-->Pro) change was present in six members of two families. This condition and two new variants have the characteristics of a dominant type of beta-thalassemia heterozygosity with moderate anemia, Heinz body formation, splenomegaly, etc. One new beta-thalassemia allele is a frame-shift at codon 124 (-A), while another is characterized by the introduction of an extra proline residue (codon: CCA) between residues Thr (beta 123) and Val (beta 126) to give the sequence -Thr-Pro-Pro-Pro-Val-.
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PMID:Beta-thalassemia alleles and unstable hemoglobin types among Russian pediatric patients. 803 85

Mutations within exon 3 of the beta-globin gene are relatively uncommon, and many of these mutations produce a dominant thalassemia-like phenotype. We describe a novel thalassemic hemoglobinopathy caused by a single nucleotide substitution (CTG-->CCG) at codon 114 resulting in a leucine to proline substitution and designate it beta Durham-NC [beta 114 Leu-->Pro]. The mutation producing this thalassemic hemoglobinopathy is located near to the beta Showa-Yakushiji mutation (beta 110 Leu-->Pro). Both of these hemoglobinopathies share similar phenotypic features with moderately severe microcytic anemia. Using computer imaging of the hemoglobin molecule, we examined several reported point mutations within exon 3 of the beta-globin gene. These point mutations cause a single amino acid substitution in the G helix, and result in a thalassemic and/or hemolytic phenotype. Computer imaging of nine separate examples suggests that amino acid substitutions affecting side chains that project into the heme pocket may destabilize the heme moiety within the beta-globin chain, resulting in a thalassemic phenotype. Hemolytic phenotypes may be the result of decreased alpha 1 beta 1 interactions. The beta Durham-NC mutation further characterizes a novel group of thalassemias/hemoglobinopathies that are clinically difficult to identify and require accessory laboratory testing.
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PMID:A novel beta-globin mutation, beta Durham-NC [beta 114 Leu-->Pro], produces a dominant thalassemia-like phenotype. 811 Oct 50

We have identified three individuals of Greek or Greek Cypriot origin with an atypical form of HbH disease characterized by a severe hypochromic microcytic anaemia associated with relatively small amounts of HbH in the peripheral blood. Molecular analysis has shown that each is a compound heterozygote for a previously described mutation affecting the poly A addition signal (AATAAA-->AATAAG) and a previously undescribed mutation involving a T-->C transition in codon 29 of the alpha 2 gene causing a leucine-->proline substitution. Although this mutation would be expected to produce an unstable haemoglobin and hence a haemolytic anaemia, simple heterozygotes for the alpha 29Leu-->Pro mutation have the phenotype of alpha-thalassaemia trait.
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PMID:A base substitution (T-->C) in codon 29 of the alpha 2-globin gene causes alpha thalassaemia. 813 77

Haemoglobin Manukau (beta 67 Val-->Gly) is a novel haemoglobin variant presenting in two brothers as nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia which became transfusion dependent by 6 months of age. The severity of clinical expression seems to be modulated by coexisting alpha thalassaemia: the severely affected children have a normal complement of alpha globin genes with an unusual genotype (-alpha 3.7/alpha alpha alpha 3-7), while their father, who carries the abnormal gene with minimal symptoms, has homozygous alpha+ thalassaemia (-alpha 3.7/-alpha 3.7). Another unusual feature of this case is the association of the beta 67 Val-->Gly mutation with modification of beta 141 Leu to a residue (believed to be hydroxyleucine) that is not detected by standard amino acid analysis. This finding offers an explanation for the previous report of an association of another mutation at this site (Hb Sydney beta 67 Val-->Ala) with Hb Coventry (deletion of beta 141 Leu).
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PMID:Haemoglobin Manukau beta 67[E11] Val-->Gly: transfusion-dependent haemolytic anaemia ameliorated by coexisting alpha thalassaemia. 828 Jun 8

This report describes the first case of homozygosity for the Hb Agrinio [alpha 29(B10)Leu-->Pro] alpha 2-globin gene variant (codon 29, CTG-->CCG) in a Greek patient. At 12 months of age, the proband presented with a marked hypochromic, microcytic anemia, a very low level of Hb H (< 2.5%), rare Hb H inclusions, and a balanced alpha/non-alpha biosynthesis ratio. The mother had hematological findings and globin biosynthesis consistent with heterozygous beta-thalassemia, but paradoxically, red cell morphology demonstrated very rare Hb H inclusions. The father had mild microcytosis and hypochromia. Analysis of alpha- and beta-globin genotypes demonstrated that the patient was homozygous for the highly unstable Hb Agrinio variant, caused by a T-->C mutation in codon 29 of the alpha 2-globin gene. At the age of 13 years, the proband had a clinical phenotype compatible with mild thalassemia intermedia with moderate anemia (Hb 7-8 g/dL), normal growth and development, slight splenomegaly, and minimal bone changes, while Hb H and inclusion bodies were not detected.
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PMID:An alpha-thalassemic hemoglobinopathy: homozygosity for the HB Agrinio alpha 2-globin chain variant. 962 96

In this paper we report a male infant heterozygous for thalassemia with a mild glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The molecular basis of this new Class III G6PD variant is a G-->T mutation at nucleotide 34 in the exon 2, which predicts a Val-->Leu aminoacid substitution at codon 12. We designated this variant as G6PD Sinnai from the place of birth of the propositus.
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PMID:A new glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase variant G6PD Sinnai (34 G-->T). Mutations in brief no. 156. Online. 1062 40


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