Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039730 (thalassemia)
 10,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence, causes and role of iron prophylaxis in pregnant women was studied. All women delivered at the National University Hospital, Singapore in 1993 had their haemoglobin estimated. If it was less than 11 g/dl, blood was taken for serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, serum folate, vitamin B12 and thalassemia screen to establish cause of anaemia. Data was also collected with regards to their antenatal progress and iron prophylaxis. Logistic regression, Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test and Mantel-Haenszel tests were also used to assess the relationships between categorical variables. The prevalence of anaemia at first antenatal visit was 20.6% while the prevalence of anaemia at delivery was 15.3%. The commonest cause of the anaemia in pregnancy was due to iron deficiency (81.3%). In the non-anaemic group, 90.7% were on prophylactic iron supplements compared to 50.6% in the anaemic group (P < 0.001). Of the 752 women found to be anaemic at booking, 591 received prophylactic iron supplements while 161 women did not. A total of 166 (28.1%) of those with iron supplements were anaemic at delivery, whereas 140 (87.0%) of those who did not receive prophylactic iron remained anaemic at delivery (P < 0.001). Of the 2516 non-anaemic women who received prophylactic iron, 118 (4.7%) developed anaemia at delivery while 133 (34.1%) out of the 390 women who did not receive prophylactic iron were anaemic at delivery (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the odds of anaemia for a woman not on iron therapy was about 11 times that of her counterpart on prophylactic iron therapy (95% CI 8.76 to 14.13). A 55% reduction in odds of anaemia was estimated per 1 gm% increase in haemoglobin at booking. Prophylactic antenatal iron supplements not only prevent a fall but also improved haemoglobin levels during pregnancy. Those who were not on any iron supplements were 11 times more likely to develop anaemia in the present pregnancy.
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PMID:The role of prophylactic iron supplementation in pregnancy. 1036 8

In sub-Saharan Africa, anaemia in pregnancy results from multiple causes including malaria, iron deficiency and haemoglobinopathies. In a cross-sectional study among 530 pregnant women in Ghana in November-December 1998, red blood cell indices were analysed with respect to malaria, serum concentrations of ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the haemoglobin and alpha-globin genotypes. Anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11 g/dL) was found in 54% of the women; 63% harboured malaria parasites at predominantly low numbers. Ferritin levels were considerably influenced by malaria and inflammatory processes (CRP > 0.6 mg/dL). Depending on the definition applied, the prevalence of iron deficiency ranged between 5% and 46%. The HbAS trait was observed in 14%, HbAC and elevated HbF in 7% each, and sickle cell disease in 1%. Heterozygous beta-thalassaemia was present in 1% of the women and alpha(+)-thalassaemia in 33% (29% heterozygous, 4% homozygous). Women with HbAS had higher malaria parasite densities than those with HbAA. In individuals with highly elevated HbF (> 10%), parasitaemia occurred in 27% only. Low gravidity, second trimester of pregnancy, malaria, raised CRP levels, and homozygous alpha(+)-thalassaemia were independent risk factors for anaemia in multivariate analysis. alpha(+)-Thalassaemia, however, was associated with a lesser degree of malarial anaemia when compared to non-thalassaemic women. Iron deficiency appears not to be a major health problem in this population. Haemoglobinopathies are common but, except for homozygous alpha(+)-thalassaemia, do not substantially contribute to anaemia in pregnancy. alpha(+)-Thalassaemia ameliorates malarial anaemia in pregnant women.
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PMID:Anaemia in pregnant Ghanaian women: importance of malaria, iron deficiency, and haemoglobinopathies. 1113 70

Anemia is the most frequent derailment of physiology in the world throughout the life of a woman. It is a serious condition in countries that are industrialized and in countries with poor resources. The main purpose of this manuscript is to give the right concern of anemia in pregnancy. The most common causes of anemia are poor nutrition, iron deficiencies, micronutrients deficiencies including folic acid, vitamin A and vitamin B12, diseases like malaria, hookworm infestation and schistosomiasis, HIV infection and genetically inherited hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia. Depending on the severity and duration of anemia and the stage of gestation, there could be different adverse effects including low birth weight and preterm delivery. Treatment of mild anemia prevents more severe forms of anemia, strictly associated with increased risk of fetal-maternal mortality and morbidity.
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PMID:Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. 2647 66