Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0039730 (thalassemia)
 10,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-A, non-B hepatitis, recently renamed as hepatitis C virus (HCV), accounts for over 90% of hepatitis cases worldwide associated with blood transfusions. Application of a recombinant-based enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to HCV to a sample of 500 male Saudi blood donors and 260 healthy Saudi pregnant women indicated that HVC is endemic in the Saudi population. Anti-HCV was detected in 28 (5.6%) of the blood donors and 12 (4.6%) of the pregnant women, for an overall frequency of 5.3% in healthy Saudi adults who had never received blood transfusions. This rate is at least 5 times higher than that reported for the US and Western Europe. Also assessed was the HCV rate in subsamples of Saudis considered at risk of this infection. Here, anti-HCV was detected in 22 (78.6%) hemophiliacs, 26 (33.3%) patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease, 17 (26.1%) hemodialysis patients with renal failure, and 35 (15.9%) individuals with a sexually transmitted disease. The prevalence of anti-HBc ranged from 28% in blood donors to 46% in hemophiliacs. The significantly higher prevalence of HCV in patients with sexually transmitted diseases than in blood donors suggests that this disease is transmitted through heterosexual contact as well as blood transfusions. Given the high baseline level of HCV infection in the Saudi population and the possibility of serious sequelae (e.g., chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma), routine anti-HCV screening of blood donations is urged.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies in high-risk Saudi groups. 177 46

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among individuals at high risk of transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and to evaluate whether they have an increased risk of exposure to HEV. Serum samples from 125 thalassemia patients, 300 intravenous drug users, 420 hemodialysis patients, 263 individuals with STDs, 47 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected homosexual men, and 316 healthy volunteers were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies to HEV (anti-HEV) by enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) following a predetermined algorithm (Abbott Labs). Anti-HEV IgG was confirmed in 3/125 (2.4%) thalassemia patients, 5/300 (1.7%) intravenous drug users, 27/420 (6.4%) hemodialysis patients, 4/263 (1.5%) STD patients, 1/47 (2.1%) homosexual men, and 7/316 (2.2%) of the reference group. No patient was found positive for anti-HEV IgM. The higher prevalence which was observed in hemodialysis group was due to the confounding effect of age, as multivariate analysis showed. The anti-HEV prevalence increased significantly with age (p = 10(-4)). No significant association was found between anti-HEV, anti-HCV, and anti-HBc. In conclusion, individuals at high risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis and STDs have no increased risk of exposure to HEV and the higher prevalence of anti-HEV IgG among older subjects may be due to an epidemic form of HEV infection which occurred some decades ago, when the sanitary conditions in our country were poor.
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PMID:Hepatitis E virus infection in individuals at high risk of transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis and sexually transmitted diseases. 895 70

An HIV-infected man receiving antiretroviral therapy-who also had lupus-like vasculitis and membranous glomerulonephritis (treated with prednisolone and azathioprine), beta-thalassaemia minor trait and post-radiotherapy functional asplenia (mimicking sickle cell disease-induced hyposplenism)-developed focal soft issue and bone infection caused by Salmonella enteritidis at the site of previous mycobacterial infection.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Jul
PMID:Focal Salmonella enteritidis infection in a patient with HIV infection and other multiple causes of immunodeficiency. 1857 27

Viral hepatitis B is a global public health problem affecting nearly two billion subjects; 3.3% of whom are from the WHO (World Health Organization) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO). It induces both acute and chronic hepatic disorders with subsequent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a considerable percentage of patients based on the age of exposure. In this review, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC prevalence, distribution and prevalence of different genotypes, and male/female infection frequencies in relation to the vaccination status in the Mediterranean countries were reported. Study Design. This systematic review describes the prevalence of hepatitis B infection, genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus, and prevalence and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Mediterranean countries belonging to three different continents: Southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, and Greece), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt), and the Near East region (Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, and Palestine). We tried to collect new data from electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and public health reports between 1980 and 2019. For each publication, we recorded reference, publication year, study characteristics (date, locations, sample size, and study population), and participant characteristics (population group, year, age, and sex). No language limitation was imposed, and articles or reports from non-peer-reviewed sources were not considered for this analysis. The main keywords were HBV prevalence, hepatitis B infection, HBV genotype, and HCC. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Healthy population-based studies included the following sample populations: (i) voluntary blood donors, (ii) pregnant women, (iii) community studies, (iv) hemodialysis patients, (v) hospitalized patients, (vi) healthcare workers, (vii) sex workers, (viii) drug abusers, and (ix) prisoners. We excluded studies from the following special groups who were assumed to be at a special high risk: patients from sexually transmitted disease clinics and thalassemia clinics and professional or paid blood donors.
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PMID:A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries. 3262 58