Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039730 (thalassemia)
 10,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytokines play an important role in intercellular communications. Human sperm contains a wide spectrum of cytokines. such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Their effects on semen quality are subject to debate. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in normal fertile men and in different groups of male infertility in an attempt to clarify the physiology and suggest possible clinical uses. Sixty-six subfertile male patients with varicocele (n = 22). infection of accessory genital glands (n = 14), varicocele plus infection (n = 4), chronic epididymitis (n = 8). post-renal transplantation status (n = 5), idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia (n = 9), cryptorchidism (n = 1), and homozygous beta-thalassemia (n = 3) as well as 5 male controls were studied through history, physical examination, spermiograms, plasma basal hormonal levels, and IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels in seminal fluid. There was no significant statistical difference regarding IL-1beta and TNF-alpha among fertile men and subfertile patients of any cause. 1L-1beta and TNF-alpha were in tight positive correlation (p<.001). Determination of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha does not provide useful information in male routine infertility workup. Nevertheless, a better understanding of these mediators in semen of normal men and infertile patients may contribute to a new approach to the management of male infertility.
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PMID:Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal/infertile men. 1186 23

In prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, the palindrome regions are highly variable and instable. The reason for this instability is that palindrome can form a hairpin or cruciform structure, which can result in deletions or chromosomal translocations by certain mechanisms, such as slipped mispairing, single-strand annealing and non-homologous end joining. In human genomes, palindromes commonly exist in the essential elements which can regulate the expressions of different genes, and the mutations stimulated by palindromes are also closely associated with the occurrences and progressions of certain human diseases such as male infertility and thalassemia. Based on recent studies, we briefly summarize the types of mutations caused by palindromes and their possible mechanisms, as well as the related human diseases. This review would provide some information for the following researches about the roles and functions of palindromes in gene expression, regulation, mutation and related human diseases.
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PMID:[The mechanisms of palindrome-stimulated mutation and related human diseases]. 2373 62