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Query: UMLS:C0039730 (thalassemia)
 10,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections was south in 148 multiply transfused patients with thalassaemia and in healthy controls (2040 for HBV and 217 for HAV). The prevalence of the HBV surface antigen or antibody to it was significantly higher in patients than in controls and increased with the number of blood transfusions. In contrast, the prevalence of antibody to HAV was significantly lower in patients than in controls and decreased with the number of blood transfusions. These results support the view that blood transfusion does not play any appreciable part in transmitting HAV. Indeed, regular blood transfusion, where donors almost all have HAV antibody, seems to give protection against infection.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis A and B infections in multiply transfused thalassaemic patients. 63 Feb 96

To determine the current risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in multiply transfused thalassemia patients, we tested sera from such patients in New York City for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (anti-HBs) using radioimmunoassay techniques. Altogether 48 per cent of the patients had either HBsAg (4.5%) or anti-HBs (43.9%) positive sera. The prevalence of these HBV markers was related to both the number of units transfused and the year blood transfusion therapy was begun, although evidence suggested that the latter factor had the greatest influence. Donor HBsAg screening began in New York in 1969, and only one patient first transfused since that time had HBV marker positive serum. Thus, multiply-transfused thalassemia patients now appear to be at little risk of HBV infection from transfusions. Sera were also tested for antibody to the hepatitis A virus (anti-HA) using immune adherence hemaglutination. Anti-HA prevalence was only 4.9 per cent, no greater than rates reported among nontransfused children, providing evidence against a significant role for blood transfusions in hepatitis A virus transmission.
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PMID:Serologic evidence of hepatitis A and B virus infections in thalassemia patients: a retrospective study. 66 4

Geographical variations in the prevalence of hepatitis B infection were found in association with an increased opportunity of exposure to this virus in patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia in Cyprus, Greece, Sardinia and the United Kingdom. No association was found between the Gm phenotype of the individuals investigated and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus using HBsAg as a marker, or the ability to make antibody to it. Variation in the distribution of Gm haplotypes does not appear to be a feasible explanation for variation in anti-HBs and HBsAg frequencies in a series of highly transfused populations.
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PMID:Immunogenetic factors in thalassemia and hepatitis B infection. A multicentre study. 120 62

The prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2), human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) was evaluated in a population of 305 multiply transfused thalassemia patients in Belgium, France, and Italy (Sicily). No patients were found positive for HIV-2 antibodies. Two French patients were seropositive for HIV-1, having been infected before systematic blood screening. Antibodies to HTLV-I were found in two Sicilian patients. A positive anti-HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found in one-third of the patients and a positive CMV IgG test in two-thirds. Twenty-two percent of the patients in the three countries were uninfected by HBV and were not vaccinated. With the exception of HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-I, and anti-hepatitis B surface antigen assays, all markers were encountered more frequently in Sicilian patients than in French or Belgian patients. This study emphasizes the need to improve HBV vaccination coverage in the three countries. At present, data indicate that the introduction of routine screening for HTLV-I should be considered, particularly in Sicily.
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PMID:Prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus type I, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C virus in multiply transfused thalassemia patients. The French Study Group On Thalassaemia. 132 85

Transfusion of whole blood or blood components is the mainstay of treatment in patients with beta-thalassemia and hemophilia. Owing to the scarcity of reports regarding the frequency of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis virus infections in thalassemia patients, the frequency of such infections was studied in India in 40 multi-transfused thalassemia patients (26 males, 14 females; mean age 8.1 +or- 5.3 years, range 1-35) with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique (Abbott) was used for all tests. The patients had received an average of 80 units (range 10-250) of blood. A majority of these units had been screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using RPHA. HBsAg antibodies were present in 18 (45%), antihepatitis C virus (HCV) in 7 (17.5%), and antihuman immunodeficiency virus in 1 (2.5%) case, respectively. Of 18 HBsAg positive patients, antidelta and anti-HCV antibodies were present in 3 and 4 patients, respectively; 1 patient had both the antibodies. 4 of 40 (10%) patients had evidence of both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV infection. In a US study, the frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HBs positively among thalassemics were 4.5% and 43.5%, respectively. In contrast, 90% of hemophiliacs show serological evidence of HBV infection. Routine screening of blood donors by CEP or RPHA technique was started in the hospital blood bank 7 years ago. The sensitivity of these techniques is much lower than that of RIA and ELISA and a majority of the patients has received initial blood transfusions before HBsAg screening was started. The study indicated that more than 50% of multi-transfused thalassemia patients showed serological evidence of one or more HBV, HCV, HDV, and HIV infection. Thus, screening of blood units for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections to be used for thalassemic patients and vaccination of thalassemic patients against hepatitis B is imperative.
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PMID:Frequency of hepatitis B, C and D and human immunodeficiency virus infections in multi-transfused thalassemics. 142 37

The authors studied the clinical efficacy of the local external use of fibronectin obtained from autoplasma by heparin cryoprecipitation in 8 patients with immune complex pathology, paraproteinemic hemoblastoses and beta-thalassemia complicated by erosive and ulcerous skin lesions. Autofibronectin was shown to bring about complete healing of ulcerous defects within 10 to 45 days. The therapeutic approach suggested is money-saving and excludes a possibility of transmitting hepatitis B and immunodeficiency viruses by the patient.
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PMID:[The clinical efficacy of autofibronectin obtained by heparin cryoprecipitation in patients with trophic skin lesions]. 181 73

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of previous hepatitis A virus (HAV) and B virus (HBV) infection which is in 64 transfusion-dependent (TD) patients with thalassaemia including 26 patients who were transfused before blood donors were screened for HBV. Serial blood samples taken from these 64 patients and 10 non-TD beta-thalassaemia intermedia patients during a 3 year period, were tested for antibody to HAV (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc) and when indicated, antibody to Delta virus (anti-Delta) and HBV DNA. Liver function tests were performed also. Similar tests were conducted on 50 donor blood units. None of the 64 TD patients had evidence of past HAV infection, but 50% of blood donors had evidence of past infection (P less than 0.001). Only 2 brothers and their mother were positive for HBsAg, and 38 patients (59.4%) had persisting HBV antibodies compared with 26% of blood donors (P less than 0.001). Our TD thalassaemic patients acquired passive immunity from donor plasma, which protected them against HAV and possibly modified the outcome of HBV infection.
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PMID:Hepatitis A and B infections in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia from endemic areas. 195 22

Fifty six children with thalassaemia, and 118 healthy subjects, who had all been immunised with an intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine (HB-VAX) into the deltoid area three years previously, were given booster doses intradermally. All responders (good = hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibody titre greater than or equal to 10 U/l; poor = HBs antibody titre less than 10 U/l) showed pronounced increase in anti-HBs titre, in many cases above 1000 U/l. We also found positive HBs antibody response after further doses (two to four) at intervals of 15 days in non-responders (those patients who formerly had shown no HBs antibody titre after the conventional schedule of vaccination). The humoral response was always preceded by a delayed tissue hypersensitivity reaction. In conclusion, vaccine against hepatitis B virus given in low doses intradermally produces an effective immune response; it is a useful method of enhancing the antibody response in exposed patients, and of vaccinating those who do not respond initially.
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PMID:Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in thalassaemia. 214 64

For 9 months, 38 transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia, ranging in age from 3.4 to 19.1 years, were observed for serologic evidence of viral infections, by the collection of serial serum samples. Seventy-six age-matched healthy subjects, two for each patient, were followed as controls. Samples taken at the beginning, middle, and end of the study were tested against 18 viral antigens by complement fixation (CF). In addition, tests for antibodies to HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A virus, and markers for hepatitis B virus were performed. When changes in the antibody titer on CF tests (greater than or equal to 2-fold increase or decrease) or persistently high titers (greater than or equal to 64) were revealed, specific enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for IgM and IgA antibodies were performed concomitant with CF tests in all sera. When symptomatic infections occurred, viral cultures and/or direct detection of antigens were carried out by immunofluorescence methods, EIA, or latex agglutination tests. Thalassemic patients and controls had similar (p greater than 0.05) overall rates of serologically confirmed viral infections (53 versus 132), but the former group had a higher (p less than 0.01) incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (9 versus 4). CMV infections were associated in the thalassemic patients with hepatitis (2 cases), lymphadenitis (2 cases), and upper respiratory tract infection (1 case), while the remaining cases of CMV had a subclinical course. Moreover, the thalassemic patients had a lower (p less than 0.01) incidence of symptomatic infections (27 versus 110) than controls. Therefore, this study showed that both symptomatic and subclinical CMV infections may occur often in thalassemic patients, who otherwise have subclinical viral infections at an overall rate similar to that in healthy subjects.
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PMID:Viral infections in transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia major: the predominant role of cytomegalovirus. 217 79

Fifty-eight subjects at high risk for hepatitis B were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine prepared by a DNA recombinant technique (Engerix B- Smith-Kline Biologicals) by the intradermal route with low doses (5 microgr) at 0, 15, 30 and 45 days on the volar surface of the arms. A positive immune response (100%) was found in all children (5 affected by thalassemia, 5 affected by sickle cell anaemia, 9 affected by neurological handicaps) and in all healthy medical staff. None showed side-effects and the small pigmented macula following vaccination disappeared after a few months. Since the World Health Organization proposed a program of mass vaccination in highly endemic areas for hepatitis B, the authors suggest that the use of the new engineered vaccine in low doses by the intradermal route could represent an effective strategy to realize this project.
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PMID:Immune response of subjects at high risk of hepatitis B to a new genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine administered in low doses by the intradermal route. 228 16


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