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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The performance characteristics of 5 scintillation cameras were compared: Searle 19, Searle 37, Ohio Nuclear, Picker 2C and Toshiba GCA 202. Inherent characteristics including spatial resolution, field uniformity and distortion, energy resolution, count-rate capability and paralyzing time were measured. Extrinsic characteristics such as spatial resolution with emission tests and sensitivity with high resolution, low energy collimators also were measured. The Ohio Nuclear camera gave the best results for most of the parameters studied, followed by Searle 37 PMT, Searle 19 PMT, Picker, and Toshiba. The size of the crystal must also be a criterion for choosing a camera.
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PMID:Comparative assessment of scintillation camera performance. 125 36

Temporal arteritis is a common disease of the elderly. Although overall mortality does not differ between patients with temporal arteritis and the general population of similar age, temporal arteritis does cause major morbidity and death. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids can prevent these complications.
Cardiol Clin 1991 Aug
PMID:Temporal arteritis. General review with emphasis on atypical manifestations and cardiovascular complications. 191 33

Giant cell arteritis is a disease of the elderly of unknown origin. It involves large, medium and small sized arteries. The extracranial arteries, especially the aorta and its main branches, are rarely involved. The typical histologic features are fibrous intimal proliferation, the disruption of the internal elastic lamina, the presence of mixed cellular infiltrate, plasma cells and histiocytes and giant cells. We report the case of a 78-year-old patient, who died of acute myocardial infarction. The autopsy unexpectedly revealed giant cell arteritis involving the coronary arteries and other systemic arteries.
G Ital Cardiol 1989 Jul
PMID:[Giant cell arteritis as a cause of myocardial infarction. Description of a case]. 280 92

100 patients, from three internal medicine departments, were the subject of a retrospective study concerning the clinical manifestations and the evolution of Horton's disease. The mean age is 71 years, with a 2/1 female predominance. A temporal artery biopsy was obtained in all cases. Besides the prevalence of clinical symptoms (headaches: 80 p. cent; weight loss: 78 p. cent; fever: 65 p. cent; local inflammation: 52 p. cent, frequent pseudo-polyarthritis: 40 p. cent and sometimes severe ocular localizations (11 p. cent blindness), other signs should be emphasized: muscular pain (49%), skin hyperesthesias (37%), painful jaw (33%), etc. The inflammatory syndrome dominates the biological picture (96%); the alkaline phosphatases are increased in 37 p. cent of cases. Temporal artery biopsy was positive in 82 p. cent of cases, which confirms the excellent sensitivity of this test, preceded by a Doppler study in only 28 cases. Extension of the inflammatory process to the large vessels was demonstrated 8 times, on clinical data. Finally, the mean length of the steroid treatment was two years with 14 relapses and 8 deaths.
Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 1988 Apr
PMID:[Clinical and developmental aspects of Horton's disease. Retrospective study of 100 cases]. 328 62

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to hospital complaining of chest pain, increasing weakness, anorexia, hoarseness, headache and discomfort in the throat and jaws while eating. Physical examination, chest x-rays, serial electrocardiograms and cardiac enzymes were unremarkable. After admission she developed weakness and numbness in the left leg with urinary retention, decreased sensation to touch, weakness, increased tone, absent deep tendon reflexes and a positive Babinski sign on the left. Zeta sedimentation rate was markedly elevated at 0.63. Computerized tomographic head scan, myelography, echocardiography, barium swallow and meal, immunoglobulins, electrophoresis and other laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Repeat sedimentation rate was still markedly elevated three weeks later. A temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of temporal or giant cell arteritis. Prednisone, 60 mg daily, was started.
Can J Cardiol 1988 Apr
PMID:Acute chest pain in an elderly woman. 337 98

A 53-year-old patient with no past history of rheumatic fever or lues presented with severe aortic regurgitation, underwent hemodynamic evaluation, and subsequently, an uneventful aortic valve replacement. The initial pathological interpretation was nonspecific aortitis. Six months following surgery arthralgia, muscular pain, difficulty in mastication, and fatigue occurred. There was no fever, however, sedimentation rate was 100/130. Cardiac examination was normal. Review of the pathological specimens revealed granulomatous arteritis with giant cells, typical of giant cell arteritis. Though the association of aortic regurgitation and giant cell arteritis is well recognized, only two such cases of severe aortic regurgitation requiring valve replacements have yet been described, of them, one probably had Takayasu's arteritis. An accurate diagnosis is of importance since steroid treatment is effective, and if introduced early, the inflammatory process may be arrested.
Clin Cardiol 1986 Oct
PMID:Severe aortic regurgitation: a rare presentation of giant cell arteritis. 376 38

We report three patients with giant cell arteritis but no clear clinical signs of temporal artery involvement, during an episode of polymyalgia rheumatica. In the first case a biopsy performed upon an apparently normal temporal artery showed a typical hortonian arteritis. The same finding was obtained from a pulseless right temporal artery in the second patient, who suffered a sudden blindness of right eye after a trigeminal neuralgia. In the third case the polymyalgic symptoms developed together with a syndrome of the aortic arc. The histologic findings of the temporal artery were normal, whereas the biopsy performed on both the subclavian arteries during surgical revascularization demonstrated a typical giant-cell arteritis in the acute stage. The cases mentioned above confirm that there is a close relation between polymyalgia rheumatica and Horton arteritis. In the latter the temporal localization could be inconstant.
G Ital Cardiol 1983
PMID:[Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis, clinical and histopathological study of three cases]. 661 59

Takayasu arteritis, Buerger's diseases, temporal arteritis, vascular Behcet disease and inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm are classified in Japan as intractable vasculitides involving mainly large vessels, because their etiologies are not yet elucidated and, therefore, treatments for them were not yet established. Recent experimental and vascular biological studies, however, have focussed on the roles of virus infection in vasa vasorum (vasa vasoritis) and on the subsequent inflammatory vascular changes through HLA and/or other autoimmune mechanisms. Several studies including ours have demonstrated that these vascular inflammatory changes progress from the adventitial side to the intimal side of the vessel, finally complicating atherosclerotic changes in the intima. These vascular inflammatory changes are also recognized during progression of atherosclerosis and these observations strongly suggest that inflammation is a serious risk factor of atherosclerosis.
Int J Cardiol 2000 Aug 31
PMID:Vasa vasoritis, vasculitis and atherosclerosis. 1098 Mar 30

In giant cell arteritis, an immune insult in the vascular wall initiates a reaction in the artery that leads to structural changes, intimal hyperplasia, and luminal occlusion. The mechanisms triggering the immune stimulation are unknown; however, the process is strictly dependent on T cells that are found in the vicinity of the vasa vasorum in the adventitia and that produce interferon-gamma. The major effector cells in the artery are macrophages and giant cells that are ultimately under T-cell control but assume different functions depending on their location in the arterial wall. The response of the artery to the injury is maladaptive and includes mobilization and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in conjunction with matrix production and neoangionesis, resulting in the formation of a lumen-obstructive neointima. Heterogeneity in the immune insult and the resulting arterial response patterns correlate with variations in clinical disease.
Int J Cardiol 2000 Aug 31
PMID:Pathogenic principles in giant cell arteritis. 1098 Mar 31

The authors report the case of a 60-year-old man admitted for uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. The history of persistent fronto-occipital headaches and palpation of bilateral tortuous temporal arteries with a decreased pulse suggested the diagnosis of temporal arteritis, particularly in the presence of marked laboratory signs of inflammation and the coronary angiograph findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by temporal artery biopsy. Treatment consisted of corticosteroid therapy, with a satisfactory outcome at three months. The diagnosis of temporal arteritis should be systematically suggested in patients over the age of 50 years, presenting with a marked inflammatory syndrome and recent-onset arterial disease. Similarly, any form of arterial disease occurring during treated temporal arteritis should initially be considered to be a secondary site of the arteritis, requiring intensification of corticosteroid therapy.
Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 1999 Jan
PMID:[Horton's disease presenting as a myocardial infarction]. 1255 52


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