Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

10 derivations of rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells, including normal cells, normal primary cultures, 7 tumorigenic cell lines and 1 nontumorigenic cell line transformed in vitro by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and/or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were examined for oncogene alterations. No abnormalities of Ha-ras or Ki-ras were seen that were suggestive of amplification, rearrangement or the presence of RFLPs. Analysis of specific-point mutations in Ha-ras using Pst I digestion (codon 12, GGA to GCA) or Ha-ras and Ki-ras using Xba I (codon 61, CAA to CTA) were negative. In one cell line derived by DMBA treatment, changes in the c-myc restriction digest pattern were seen after incubation with Bam HI and Hind III. Northern analysis revealed consistent differences between normal and transformed cells when probed with Ha-ras; c-myc expression was of low intensity, and the expression of Ki-ras could not be detected. Transfection of RTE cell DNAs into NIH/3T3 cells did not result in the appearance of morphologic transformants. The studies suggest that Ha-ras or Ki-ras codon 61 A to T transversions (CAA to CTA) are not associated with the immortal/tumorigenic phenotype in RTE cells transformed by DMBA or TPA, and are in contrast to results reported in some other biological systems.
 ...
PMID:Oncogene alterations in in vitro transformed rat tracheal epithelial cells. 169 45

Strand-symmetric relative abundance functionals for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotides are introduced and applied to sequences encompassing a broad phylogenetic range to discern tendencies and anomalies in the occurrences of these short oligonucleotides within and between genomic sequences. For dinucleotides, TA is almost universally under-represented, with the exception of vertebrate mitochondrial genomes, and CG is strongly under-represented in vertebrates and in mitochondrial genomes. The traditional methylation/deamination/mutation hypothesis for the rarity of CG does not adequately account for the observed deficiencies in certain sequences, notably the mitochondrial genomes, yeast, and Neurospora crassa, which lack the standard CpG methylase. Homodinucleotides (AA.TT, CC.GG) and larger homooligonucleotides are over-represented in many organisms, perhaps due to polymerase slippage events. For trinucleotides, GCA.TGC tends to be under-represented in phage, human viral, and eukaryotic sequences, and CTA.TAG is strongly under-represented in many prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and viral sequences. The CCA.TGG triplet is ubiquitously over-represented in human viral and eukaryotic sequences. Among the tetranucleotides, several four-base-pair palindromes tend to be under-represented in phage sequences, probably as a means of restriction avoidance. The tetranucleotide CTAG is observed to be rare in virtually all bacterial genomes and some phage genomes. Explanations for these over- and under-representations in terms of DNA/RNA structures and regulatory mechanisms are considered.
 ...
PMID:Over- and under-representation of short oligonucleotides in DNA sequences. 174 88

The sequence specificity of DNA-binding by monoaza- and diaza-anthracenedione analogues of mitoxantrone (MX) has been investigated by DNase 1 footprinting and spectroscopic techniques. More than 100 sites cut by the enzyme were sequenced on three pBR 322 and simian virus 40 DNA restriction fragments. Different inhibition and stimulation effects were observed as a function of the structural properties of each drug. A gradual change was found from MX to monoaza derivatives and from these to diaza derivatives, corresponding to a broader distribution of drug-inhibited regions. In addition to almost all sites found with MX (38 of 44), 29 new inhibition sites were observed using the diaza compound BBR 2894. The sequence analyses in terms of base doublets or triplets confirm the preference of MX for alternating pyrimidine-purine sites, the most significant triplet sequences being (5' to 3') CTA, GCA, TAC, ACT, CAC and TTA. In addition to MX sites, BBR 2894 seemed to bind efficiently to pyrimidine-pyrimidine-pyrimidine or purine-pyrimidine-pyrimidine triplets containing CT or TC motifs. Differential cleavage plots essentially confirmed the above results. Spectrophotometric and chiroptical studies showed a decreased DNA-binding affinity and a modified geometry of intercalation when nitrogen replaces carbon in the anthraquinone ring. These results can be useful for understanding the substantially different biological responses exhibited by aza-substituted anthracenedlones when compared with their non-substituted, pharmacologically relevant congeners.
 ...
PMID:Aza-bioisosteres of 9, 10-anthracenedione: a modulation of DNA sequence specificity. 886 28

A new maximal circular code X0(MIT) with two permutated maximal circular codes X1(MIT) and X2(MIT) is identified in the protein coding genes of mitochondria. The three subsets of 20 trinucleotides X0(MIT)={ACA, ACC, ATA, ATC, CTA, CTC, GAA, GAC, GAT, GCA, GCC, GCT, GGA, GGC, GGT, GTA, GTC, GTT, TTA, TTC}, X1(MIT) and X2(MIT) are in frame 0 (reading frame), 1 and 2 respectively. X1(MIT) and X2(MIT) are deduced by one and two circular permutations of X0(MIT) respectively. The code X0(MIT) has four important properties: a length of the minimal window to automatically retrieve frame 0 which is equal to five nucleotides; an occurrence probability equal to 6.3 x 10(-5); a low frequency (12% in average) of misplaced trinucleotides in the shifted frames; and an occurrence of four types of nucleotides in the first and second trinucleotide sites but no nucleotide G in the third trinucleotide site. Several biological consequences are presented in the Discussion.
 ...
PMID:A circular code in the protein coding genes of mitochondria. 944 20

Little is known about the presence of common medical pathogens in the human oral cavity. Using a 16S rRNA-based PCR identification method, this study determined the occurrence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in subgingival plaque from 50 adults with advanced periodontitis. Each patient contributed samples from 3 deep periodontal pockets collected by paper points. The PCR primers were for P. asaccharolytica 5'-CTC TAG CTA GAG TGT ACT GG-3' and 5'-ATA GGG TTT ATA GAT TAG CTC TCT-3', for B. fragilis 5'-AAT GAT TCC GCA TGG TTT CAT TA-3' and 5'-GCG GTG ATT GCT CAC TGA CA-3', and for C. pneumoniae 5'- TGA CAA CTG TAG AAA TAC AGC-3' and 5'-CGC CTC TCT CCT ATA AAT-3'. The primers yielded a single amplicon with the respective reference strains and produced no amplicon with colonies of 25 groups of oral organisms. None of the three test species were detected in any of the 50 pooled subgingival samples tested. P. asaccharyolytica, B. fragilis and C. pneumoniae do not seem to be part of the periodontopathic microbiota in humans.
 ...
PMID:Absence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in human subgingival plaque. 957 14

Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding rabbit presenilin-1 (Ps1) fragment was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers: 5'-GGA TGA GCA GCT AAT CTA TAC C-3' and 5'-TCC ATT CAG GGA GGT ACT TGA TA-3'. The cDNA fragment revealed 402 nucleotides. The sequence was well conserved and found to be 91, 90, 88, 87 and 78% homologous to that of human, lemur, rat, mouse and chicken, respectively. The cDNA translated into a 130 amino-acid protein fragment. The deduced amino-acid sequence was also well conserved in various species and exhibited 98% similarities with those of rat, lemur and human homologues. However, differences were noticed at residues 145, 168 and 212. This cDNA fragment is quite significant because it is the most conserved portion of Ps1 in various animals and encodes four transmembrane regions (TM2, 3, 4, 5) as defined in human Ps1. Moreover, it includes more than 50% of the sites at which substitutions have been reported in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Therefore, it is suggested that the rabbit can be used as an experimental model for future studies on Ps1 and its physiological functions to work out possible pathways leading to FAD linked neurodegeneration.
 ...
PMID:Molecular cloning and sequencing of rabbit presenilin-1 cDNA fragment. 1254 8

Length differences among trinucleotide-based microsatellite alleles can be more easily detected and frequently produce fewer "stutter bands" as compared to dinucleotide-based microsatellite markers. Our objective was to determine which trinucleotide motif(s) would be the most-polymorphic and abundant source of trinucleotide microsatellite markers in wheat ( Triticum aestivumL.). Four genomic libraries of cultivar 'Chinese Spring' were screened with nine trinucleotide probes. Based on the screening of 28550 clones, the occurrences of (CTT/GAA) (n), (GGA/CCT) (n), (TAA/ATT) (n), (CAA/GTT) (n), (GGT/CCA) (n), (CAT/GTA) (n), (CGA/GCT) (n), (CTA/GAT) (n), and (CGT/GCA) (n) repeats were estimated to be 5.4x10(4), 3.5x10(4), 3.2x10(4), 1.2x10(4), 6.3x10(3), 4.9x10(3), 4.5x10(3), 4.5x10(3) and 3.6x10(3), i.e., once every 293 kbp, 456 kbp, 500 kbp, 1.3 Mbp, 2.6 Mbp, 3.2 Mbp, 3.6 Mbp, 3.6 Mbp and 4.5 Mbp in the wheat genome, respectively. Of 236 clones selected for sequencing, 38 (93%) (TAA/ATT) (n), 30 (43%) (CTT/GAA) (n), 16 (59%) (CAA/GTT) (n), 3 (27%) (CAT/GTA) (n) and 2 (4%) (GGA/CCT) (n) clones contained microsatellites with eight or more perfect repeats. From these data, 29, 27 and 16 PCR primer sets were designed and tested to the (TAA/ATT) (n), (CTT/GAA) (n) and (CAA/GTT) (n) microsatellites, respectively. A total of 12 (41.4%) primers designed to (TAA/ATT) (n), four (14.8%) to (CTT/GAA) (n), and two (12.5%) to (CAA/GTT) (n) resulted in polymorphic markers. The results indicated that (TAA/ATT) (n) microsatellites would provide the most-abundant and the most-polymorphic source of trinucleotide microsatellite markers in wheat.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of trinucleotide SSR motifs in wheat. 1258 99

The dopamine transporter (DAT) terminates dopaminergic neurotransmission via reuptake of released dopamine into presynaptic neurons. We have cloned 2.5 kb of the regulatory region upstream of human DAT (hDAT) and constructed a series of deletion mutants to test promoter activity. A comparison of promoter activity between non-neural and neuronal cell lines reveals an interesting difference in pattern. In the PC12 cell line, activity of the proximal promoter is strongly silenced by one or more unidentified elements spanning positions -395 to -2465 of the hDAT gene. Our studies focus on identifying and characterizing the activating factor for hDAT transcription in the sequence between -2511 and -2492 (5(')-CTA CCT GCA CAG TTC ACG GA-3('), termed HY1). In this investigation, we cloned the zinc finger protein 161 (ZFP161) gene as a HY1-binding factor, using the yeast one-hybrid screen. Recombinant ZFP161 was produced to evaluate the DNA-binding properties of the protein. The ability of ZFP161 to directly bind HY1 was examined in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RT-PCR analyses revealed that transfection of ZFP161 induced hDAT mRNA expression in HEK293 cells. We additionally confirmed the expression and localization of the DAT protein, using a specific antibody. Both the HY1 sequence and the downstream region were necessary for activation of the hDAT promoter by ZFP161. This finding suggests that the site of cofactor interaction with ZFP161 may exist downstream of HY1.
 ...
PMID:Human zinc finger protein 161, a novel transcriptional activator of the dopamine transporter. 1470 37

During murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) latency in the lungs, most of the viral genomes are transcriptionally silent at the major immediate-early locus, but rare and stochastic episodes of desilencing lead to the expression of IE1 transcripts. This low-frequency but perpetual expression is accompanied by an activation of lung-resident effector-memory CD8 T cells specific for the antigenic peptide 168-YPHFMPTNL-176, which is derived from the IE1 protein. These molecular and immunological findings were combined in the "silencing/desilencing and immune sensing hypothesis" of cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation. This hypothesis proposes that IE1 gene expression proceeds to cell surface presentation of the IE1 peptide by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule L(d) and that its recognition by CD8 T cells terminates virus reactivation. Here we provide experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis. We generated mutant virus mCMV-IE1-L176A, in which the antigenic IE1 peptide is functionally deleted by a point mutation of the C-terminal MHC class I anchor residue Leu into Ala. Two revertant viruses, mCMV-IE1-A176L and the wobble nucleotide-marked mCMV-IE1-A176L*, in which Leu is restored by back-mutation of Ala codon GCA into Leu codons CTA and CTT, respectively, were constructed. Pulmonary latency of the mutant virus was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of IE1 transcription and with events of IE3 transactivator splicing. In conclusion, IE1-specific CD8 T cells recognize and terminate virus reactivation in vivo at the first opportunity in the reactivated gene expression program. The perpetual gene expression and antigen presentation might represent the driving molecular force in CMV-associated immunosenescence.
 ...
PMID:CD8 T cells control cytomegalovirus latency by epitope-specific sensing of transcriptional reactivation. 1692 68

Hepatopancreatic parvovirus is an emerging disease in crustacean aquaculture. Consequently, methods of detection are needed that enable the sensitive detection and confirmation of the virus better than currently used methods such as histology and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A TaqMan based real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of the Australian isolate of hepatopancreatic parvovirus which is only 85% similar to its nearest known relative. The TaqMan assay was developed within the capsid protein region of the genome and is optimised to detect as little as 10 copies of the targeted sequence per PCR vial. The hepatopancreatic parvovirus primers and probe were HPV140F 5'-CTA CTC CAA TGG AAA CTT CTG AGC-3', HPV140R 5'-GTG GCG TTG GAA GGC ACT TC-3' and HPV140probe 5'-FAM TAC CGC CGC ACC GCA GCA GC TAMRA-3', respectively. The assay was specific for the hepatopancreatic parvovirus strain from Australian Penaeus merguiensis as it did not detect related crustacean and canine parvoviruses from Australia. In addition, the very low homology of the target sequence with published sequences from the Thai and Korean strains of hepatopancreatic parvovirus and other prawn viruses such as WSSV, suggested this assay would be specific for the Australian hepatopancreatic parvovirus isolate. Furthermore, it detected hepatopancreatic parvovirus in 22/22 wild-caught P. merguiensis clinical samples and 473/545 (87%) farmed P. merguiensis. This assay has the potential to be used for diagnostic purposes and in robotic applications, particularly for the detection and quantitation of low-grade infections.
 ...
PMID:TaqMan real-time PCR for detection of hepatopancreatic parvovirus from Australia. 1711 64


1 2 Next >>