Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 84-year-old woman was admitted to Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Geriatric Hospital because of knee pain, anemia and hyperglobulinemia. On physical examination, evidence of arthritis was observed in both knees. Nodular temporal arteries were palpable with hypertrophy and weak pulsation. The urine was normal except that the sediment contained 20-30 with blood cells per high power view. Laboratory data showed raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 150 mm per hour, elevation of beta and gamma globulin and mild anemia. Although the levels of serum IgG, IgA were markedly increased, there was no monoclonal component on immunoelectrophoresis. Light microscopy examination of an aspirated specimen of bone marrow showed slight hypocellularity and mild plasmacytosis. However, atypical plasma cells were not observed. Radiographs of the knee showed narrowing of the joint space and calcification of articular cartilage and meniscus. Biopsy of the left temporal artery revealed typical findings of giant cell arteritis. The administration of prednisolone resulted in rapid normalization of laboratory findings. But her arthralgia, which had been relieved by analgesics after admission, was worsened if she took prednisolone without analgesic. Therefore, analgesics were given again with prednisolone for the control of the arthralgia.
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PMID:[A case of temporal arteritis associated with marked elevation of serum IgG, IgA levels]. 279 81

A 53-year-old patient with no past history of rheumatic fever or lues presented with severe aortic regurgitation, underwent hemodynamic evaluation, and subsequently, an uneventful aortic valve replacement. The initial pathological interpretation was nonspecific aortitis. Six months following surgery arthralgia, muscular pain, difficulty in mastication, and fatigue occurred. There was no fever, however, sedimentation rate was 100/130. Cardiac examination was normal. Review of the pathological specimens revealed granulomatous arteritis with giant cells, typical of giant cell arteritis. Though the association of aortic regurgitation and giant cell arteritis is well recognized, only two such cases of severe aortic regurgitation requiring valve replacements have yet been described, of them, one probably had Takayasu's arteritis. An accurate diagnosis is of importance since steroid treatment is effective, and if introduced early, the inflammatory process may be arrested.
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PMID:Severe aortic regurgitation: a rare presentation of giant cell arteritis. 376 38

We have described a patient whose temporal arteritis had several unusual manifestations. Except for a number of systemic complaints of longer duration, her predominant symptom was that of temporomandibular joint pain. Subsequent to the development of acute visual loss, her fundi remained normal, suggesting a posterior neuropathy. A high index of suspicion and meticulous history and physical examination should lead to early identification of temporal arteritis so that treatment can be instituted before permanent visual loss occurs.
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PMID:Temporomandibular joint pain as a manifestation of temporal arteritis. 404 48

Localisation of giant cell arteritis in the female genital organs is very rarely found in sections removed at operation, although this kind of arteritis is a systemic condition. This article reports two new cases to add to the seven cases that have already been reported in the literature. The first case was that of a woman of 78 year of age who was investigated because she had fever, dyspnoea, pains in her chest, pronounced debility and loss of weight. A salpingo-oophorectomy was carried out because she had a parovarian cyst which proved to be benign. Unexpectedly however histological examination revealed that she had giant cell arteritis in the ovary and in the tube, and this diagnosis explained the clinical picture. The second case was that of a 75 years old woman treated intermittently over two years with Prednisone for vague arthralgia. When she had had a sub-total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy because of fibroids the organs were removed in order to improve her urinary incontinence and the giant cell arteritis was discovered histologically in the uterus, the ovaries and the tubes. In this second case the unexpected diagnosis clarified the clinical picture.
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PMID:[Giant cell arteritis affecting the female genital tract. 2 case reports]. 716 49

We describe temporal artery localization of hepatitic C virus related cryoglobulin induced vasculitis in a 66-year-old woman. The patient had features of both cryoglobulin induced vasculitis (palpable purpura, arthralgia, hypocomplementemia, no inflammatory syndrome) and temporal arteritis (recent onset of headaches, jaw claudication). In the temporal artery biopsy, the vasculitis was localized to a small adventitial artery and did not involve the superficial temporal artery. Thus temporal arteritis and jaw claudication can be signs of cryoglobulin induced vasculitis.
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PMID:Temporal arteritis symptoms in a patient with hepatitis C virus associated type II cryoglobulinemia and small vessel vasculitis. 945 28

Temporal arteritis, including large-vessel giant cell arteritis, and Takayasu's arteritis are the two primary large-vessel vasculitides. Patients with temporal arteritis often present with headache, swollen temporal arteries, impairment of vision or symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica. Clinical examination includes palpation of the temporal arteries and radial pulses, auscultation of the subclavian and axillary region, and fundoscopy. The presence of jaw claudication, diplopia and temporal artery abnormalities correlates with a high probability of positive histology. Duplex ultrasonography of the temporal arteries delineates a characteristic hypoechoic, oedematous wall swelling, stenoses and occlusions. It detects the same pathologies in the axillary arteries and other arteries in large-vessel giant cell arteritis. Angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, electron beam computed tomography, computed tomography angiography and positron emission tomography show characteristic changes in the aorta and its primary branches in large-vessel giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis. Takayasu's arteritis often begins with diffuse symptoms such as low-grade fever, arthralgia, fatigue and weight loss. Clinical examination is important to detect bruits, pulse reduction and blood pressure differences. Profound experience exists with angiography. Other imaging methods are interesting alternatives as they are less invasive and may depict the inflammatory wall swelling.
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PMID:What is the best approach to diagnosing large-vessel vasculitis? 1585 93

Myalgias most commonly occur in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). About 45% of patients with giant cell arteritis present with symptoms of PMR. Other vasculitides may also lead to arthralgia and myalgia. While shoulder and pelvic pain is characteristic for PMR pain often also occurs in the back of the neck and in the region of the thoracic spine. In addition, patients often present with malaise, morning stiffness and weight loss. CRP and ESR are elevated. Ultrasound and MRI delineate minor synovitis, tenosynovitis and bursitis in the shoulder. Hip joint synovitis and trochanteric bursitis are also commonly seen. PMR should be distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis. The initial treatment comprises a prednisolone dose of 15-25 mg/day, followed by a weekly decrease of 1-2.5 mg. Once 10 mg/day has been reached the dose should be reduced more slowly.
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PMID:[Myalgia in polymyalgia rheumatica, temporal arteritis and other vasculitides]. 1958 33

A 64-year-old woman with hypertension and hyperlipidemia was admitted to our hospital for the investigation and management of general fatigue, anorexia, a 5-kg weight loss, and a 4-week history of high-grade fever. She had no symptoms of headache, myalgia, or arthralgia, and the physical examination was unremarkable. The laboratory tests revealed renal dysfunction with urine abnormalities that had not been observed 1 year earlier. A renal biopsy showed granulomatous small arteritis without necrotic lesions or glomerular pathology. An immunohistochemical study of the infiltrating leukocytes showed a predominance of CD4+ T cells followed by CD8+ T cells, and only a few macrophages. The condition drastically improved after treatment with 30 mg/day of oral prednisolone. The granulomatous renal arteritis was considered a variant of giant cell arteritis, because it showed the peculiar finding of a few macrophages in the granulomatous lesions.
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PMID:Isolated granulomatous renal arteritis: a variant form of giant cell arteritis with few macrophages. 2007 89

Extract: Seasonal variation has been shown in a number of rheumatic diseases (diseases involving the joints and related structures). The incidence of acute gouty attacks (an inflammatory arthritis) is highest in the spring. The onset or exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis, the onset of Wegener's granulomatosis (chronic tissue inflammation and cellular clumping in the nasal passages, lungs and kidneys), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis) and systemic vasculitis are all seen more commonly in the winter. There is a significant increase in the incidence of positive biopsies in giant cell arteritis (vascular inflammation of the temple) in late winter and autumn. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, an autoimmune disease in which antibodies to self components are found in the blood stream and in tissues) there may be a tendency for different organs to be affected during different seasons. In SLE patients, there is an increased incidence of photosensitive skin rashes in the summer and of joint pain in the winter and spring. A significantly higher prevalence in the winter and spring was observed among SLE patients with class V lupus nephritis (LN, inflammation of the kidneys), as compared with the summer and fall. A similar trend was seen for seasonal variation of the percentage of class III lupus nephritis patients.
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PMID:Seasonal variation of rheumatic diseases. 2070 26

Facial pain is a common presenting complaint requiring patience and diagnostic acumen. The proliferation of eponyms attached to various syndromes complicates the subject. The most frequent cause of pain is likely to be muscle spasm in masticatory or temporalis muscles. This article presents a rank order for the common causes of facial pain that present diagnostic difficulty, such as temporomandibular joint pain, trigeminal neuralgia, giant cell arteritis, and post-herpetic neuralgia.
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PMID:Chronic facial pain: a clinical approach. 2128 80


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