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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The significance, management and prognosis of several disorders affecting either vision or ocular motility are discussed. Transient and persistent visual loss are common problems in the elderly. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is extensively reviewed because of the importance of recognizing forms due to giant cell arteritis, which require urgent treatment with steroids to prevent further visual loss. The various pathologic conditions that can affect the ocular motor nerves in the cavernous sinus are mentioned. The problem of differentiating benign ischemic lesions causing a third nerve palsy from ominous compressive palsies due to aneurysms is addressed, with emphasis on the clues provided by the pupil.
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PMID:Neuro-ophthalmologic vascular emergencies in the elderly. 186 9

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION), a common, visually crippling disorder, is discussed, with particular emphasis on differentiating AION due to giant cell arteritis (arteritic AION) from that not due to it (non-arteritic AION). Giant cell arteritis is an ophthalmic emergency because of imminent danger of bilateral total blindness, which is almost always preventable if the disease is quickly identified and treated urgently and aggressively. My studies have revealed that the best means of differentiating arteritic from non-arteritic AION is a combination of information from the following: systemic and visual symptoms of giant cell arteritis, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, early massive visual loss, chalky-white optic disc swelling, associated cilio-retinal artery occlusion, massive non-filling of the choroid on fluorescein fundus angiography and temporal artery biopsy. Management of giant cell arteritis and of arteritic AION is discussed. Current misconceptions about AION are pointed out.
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PMID:Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Differentiation of arteritic from non-arteritic type and its management. 232 77

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is characterised by a sudden, painless loss of vision, optic disc oedema, and nerve fibre bundle visual field defects. It may be associated with giant cell arteritis but is usually idiopathic. Although subsequent involvement of the second eye is common, more than one episode in the same eye is extremely rare. Four patients with recurrent anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in the same eye are described.
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PMID:Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: recurrent episodes in the same eye. 661 57

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), one of the most prevalent and visually crippling diseases in the middle-aged and elderly, potentially bilateral, is due to acute ischemia of the optic nerve head. For a logical understanding of its pathogenesis, underlying causes, clinical features, and management, it is essential to comprehend the basic scientific issues involved; these are discussed briefly in this paper. Clinically, AION is of two types: (1) arteritic AION (due to giant cell arteritis) and (2) nonarteritic AION (due to other causes). Arteritic AION is an ophthalmic emergency because of its potential of causing rapid, bilateral complete blindness which is almost always preventable if treated immediately with large doses of systemic corticosteroids. Clinical parameters which help to differentiate the two type of AION, and their management are discussed.
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PMID:Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. 929 52

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the result of infarct of the optic nerve head, caused by occlusion of one or more short posterior ciliary arteries. On the base of different treatment and prognosis there are two forms of AION: arteritic and non-arteritic (NAION). Arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is caused by giant cell arteritis (GCA). The most typical symptoms are: the sudden and deep vision loss and headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, muscle ache, fever and weight loss. The ophthalmologist usually finds an abnormal pupil, a swollen optic nerve (disc edema), and peripheral or central vision loss (or both). About 70% of cases are not progressive, i.e., the vision remains stable, but reduced. The ESR is usually markedly elevated. Temporal artery biopsy is useful in confirming the diagnosis of arteritic AION. Treatment involves the immediate administration of systemic steroids. Though steroid therapy rarely results in the return of vision, it is beneficial in protecting the fellow eye from vision loss and improving long-term systemic health.
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PMID:[Optic nerve neuropathy in the course of giant cell arteritis]. 1455 90

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the most common cause of acute optic neuropathy after age 50, but may also occur in younger patients. The diagnosis is clinical and includes painless visual loss associated with a relative afferent pupillary defect and disc edema. In almost all cases, there is an underlying crowded optic nerve with a small cup-to-disc ratio. The visual prognosis is usually poor, although up to 43% of patients may improve over time. The fellow eye is involved in up to 15% of patients within 5 years, but the risk of recurrence in the same eye is less than 5%. There is no treatment for acute nonarteritic AION but it is essential to evaluate these patients for underlying treatable atheromatous vascular risk factors. A coagulation workup should also be considered in younger patients. It is essential to rule out giant cell arteritis in all patients over the age of 50 with ischemic optic neuropathies. Posterior ischemic neuropathy (in which the optic nerve is normal acutely) is rare and should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion.
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PMID:Ischemic optic neuropathies. 1900 40

Ocular ischemic syndrome, also known as hypoperfusion/ hypotensive retinopathy or as ischemic oculopathy is a rare ocular disease determined by chronic arterial hypoperfusion through central retinal artery, posterior and anterior ciliary arteries. It is bilateral in 20% of the cases. Most often it appears due to severe occlusion of the carotid arteries (ICA, MCA>ECA), described in 1963 by Kearns and Hollenhorst. Occasionally it can be determined by the obstruction of ophtalmic artery or some arterities (Takayasu, giant cell arteritis). The risk factors are: age between 50-80 years, males (M:F = 2:1), arterial hypertension, diabetes, coronary diseases (5% of the cases develop ocular ischemic syndrome), vascular stroke, hemodialysis. The case we present is of an 63 years old man known with primary arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes type 2 non insulin dependent and diagnosticated with ischemic cerebral stroke and bilateral obstruction of internal carotid arteries in march 2010, who is presenting for visual impairment in both eyes. The imaging investigations show important carotid occlusion and at the ophthalmologic evaluation there are ocular hypertension and rubeosis iridis at the right eye, optic atrophy at both eyes (complete in the right eye and partial in the left eye), with superior altitudinal visual field defect in left eye. The following diagnosis was established: Chronic ocular ischemic syndrome in both eyes with Neovascular glaucoma at the right eye, Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy at the left eye and laser panphotocoagulation at the right eye was started.
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PMID:[Ocular ischemic syndrome--a case report]. 2438 88