Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anterior segment ischemia is perhaps the most rare ocular manifestation of temporal arteritis. We described a 73-year-old woman with anterior segment ischemia in the course of temporal arteritis. Early recognition of the syndrome and treatment with high doses of steroids led to visual recovery in the involved eye.
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PMID:Anterior segment ischemia in temporal arteritis. 59 6

Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the most frequent optic neuropathy in patients older than 50. Anterior ION is classified as nonarteritic, especially in patients with vasculopathic risk factors and/or small optic disc, or arteritic. Monocular visual loss is usually sudden. Typical exam findings are optic nerve swelling and altitudinal visual field defect. Clinical profile, sedimentation rate, and especially fluorescein angiography are very useful to make the distinction between nonarteritic and arteritic ION. Treatment of temporal arteritis with steroids is an emergency but there is no effective therapy of the nonarteritic form.
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PMID:[Acute anterior, ischemic optic neuropathy]. 1182 34

Ischemic optic neuropathies (IONs) are the most frequent acute optic neuropathy in patients older than 50 years. They are classified according to the location of the ischemic damage into anterior ION and posterior ION. Ischemic optic neuropathies may also be categorized based on the presence or absence of temporal arteritis as an underlying etiology. Anterior ION presents with sudden, painless visual loss developing over hours to days. Examination findings usually include decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, color vision loss, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a swollen optic nerve head. Posterior ION occurs in arteritic, nonarteritic, and surgical settings. It is characterized by acute vision loss without initial disc edema but with subsequent optic disc atrophy.
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PMID:Ischemic optic neuropathy. 1757 64

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting medium and large calibre vessels by granulomatous panarteritis with the formation of giant multinucleate cell granulomas. Vision is affected in 25-50% of GCA patients. Affection of vision may be the first GCA symptom or a symptom which occurs weeks or months after the initial symptoms of the disease. Eye symptoms of the disease are mostly a manifestation of occlusion of ocular and orbital blood vessels. Permanent damage to the patient's vision is a serious consequence of visual affection provoked by GCA. Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) is the most frequent and most serious visual manifestation of GCA. It is manifested by partial or total loss of vision. Arteritic AION therapy in GCA uses high doses ofglucocorticoids, but glucocorticoid therapy has a number of adverse effects. The proofs of the effect of the therapy on the improvement of the vision of patients with visual affection in GCA are not convincing. We report a case of a 76-year old man with biopsy-verified GCA whose primary manifestation was bilateral arteritic AION resulting in a complete loss of vision in one eye and dramatic worsening of visual acuity in the other eye. Glucocorticoid therapy only improved vision in one eye, and had adverse effects. Methotrexate was added to the therapy to achieve a glucocorticoid saving effect. Glucocorticoid therapy could be discontinued after 3 years. In the course of the therapy and for the subsequent 12 months after it was finished, there was no relapse of the underlying disease.
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PMID:[Giant cell arteritis manifested by bilateral arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy (AION)]. 1914 May 29

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathies (AIONs) represent a segmental infarction of the optic nerve head (ONH) supplied by the posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs). Blood supply blockage can occur with or without arterial inflammation. For this reason, there are two types of AIONs: non-arteritic (NA-AION), and arteritic (A-AION), the latter is almost invariably due to giant cell arteritis (GCA). GCA is a primary vasculitis that predominantly affects extracranial medium-sized arteries, particularly the branches of the external carotid arteries (including superficial temporal arteries - TAs). One patient with clinical suspicion of acute left AION was examined at admission following a complex protocol including color Doppler imaging (CDI) of orbital vessels, and color duplex sonography of the TAs and of the carotid arteries. She presented an equivocal combination of an abrupt, painless, and severe vision loss in the left eye, and an atypical diffuse hyperemic left optic disc edema. She had characteristic CDI features for GCA with eye involvement: high resistance index, with absent, or severe diminished blood flow velocities, especially end-diastolic velocities, in all orbital vessels, especially on the left side (A-AION). Typical sonographic feature in temporal arteritis as part of GCA was "dark halo" sign. On the other hand, she did not present classic clinical or systemic symptoms of GCA: temporal headache, tender TAs, malaise (occult GCA). The left TA biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of GCA. The ultrasound investigations enabled prompt differentiation between NA-AION and A-AION, the later requiring in her case immediate steroid treatment, to prevent further visual loss in the right eye.
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PMID:Clinical and color Doppler imaging features of one patient with occult giant cell arteritis presenting arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. 2751 38