Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although optic nerve enhancement may be seen in magnetic resonance imaging of radiation-induced ischemic optic neuropathy, similar enhancement in ischemic optic neuropathy has not been previously reported in the English-language neuroophthalmologic literature. We report three cases of optic nerve enhancement in biopsy-proven arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Clinicians should consider giant cell arteritis in the differential diagnosis of an optic neuropathy with optic nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging.
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PMID:Optic nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. 1060 74

Giant cell arteritis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of unknown aetiology involving large and medium size arteries in the elderly. It causes acute visual loss from ischaemia to the optic nerves or central retinal artery occlusion. This is a rare cause of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in our local population. We present a patient who had bilateral loss of vision from sequential arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy. She was treated with intravenous steroids immediately. Diagnosis was based on histopathological studies of temporal artery biopsies.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis causing bilateral sequential anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy--a case report. 1078 78

This review of optic nerve and chiasmal disease briefly outlines the clinical assessment and the use of diagnostic testing in the topical diagnosis of lesions of the anterior visual pathways. The commoner pathological entities including inflammatory, vascular, heredofamilial and compressive lesions are then summarised with specific reference to important points in the diagnosis and management. Specific disorders described include optic neuritis, papilloedema, ischaemic optic neuropathy, giant cell arteritis, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and pituitary tumours.
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PMID:Optic nerve and chiasmal disease. 1104 26

Common signs and symptoms of temporal arteritis include headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, anemia, and an elevated sedimentation rate (ESR). Severe complications can include blindness, retinal artery occlusion, and optic neuropathy. While temporal arteritis may be suggested by patient history, other causes that can mimic its presentation must be considered, especially when visual loss occurs in the setting of a normal funduscopic exam. We report a case of invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis that mimicked the clinical signs and symptoms typically associated with temporal arteritis. A high index of suspicion and appropriate radiological and laboratory studies prevented delays in formulating the correct diagnosis and treatment plan.
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PMID:Sudden painless visual loss. 1157 47

Familial sensomotor neuropathy (FSMNX1) is reported to contribute significantly to FSMN spectrum. FSMNX1 is referred to FSMN type I but in respect to several signs is regarded as an intermediate one between type I and type II. A family including 26 patients in 5 generations has been described, 14 patients being examined in the study. Molecular genetic investigation showed that the disease was determined by mutation in connecsin gene 32 (Cx32). The mutation described is represented by a single nucleotide substitution 68T > C in codon 23 (GTA > GCA). A large proportion of presubclinical cases, preferentially in women, have been found in the family, that is in line with a type of inheritance. Substantial interfamilial disease polymorphism, especially by an age of onset, and symptoms rare for FSMN have been showed as well. Literature data on clinical genealogical, electrophysiological and molecular-genetic characteristics of FSMNX1 are analyzed comparing with own observations. Practical aspects of FSMNX1 diagnosis using DNA are discussed.
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PMID:[Sensorimotor neuropathy with X-linked dominant inheritance]. 1171 76

Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the most frequent optic neuropathy in patients older than 50. Anterior ION is classified as nonarteritic, especially in patients with vasculopathic risk factors and/or small optic disc, or arteritic. Monocular visual loss is usually sudden. Typical exam findings are optic nerve swelling and altitudinal visual field defect. Clinical profile, sedimentation rate, and especially fluorescein angiography are very useful to make the distinction between nonarteritic and arteritic ION. Treatment of temporal arteritis with steroids is an emergency but there is no effective therapy of the nonarteritic form.
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PMID:[Acute anterior, ischemic optic neuropathy]. 1182 34

A case of giant cell arteritis with systemic and panocular involvement is reported here. This elderly Indian male presented with symptoms of unilateral temporal headache and intermittent jaw claudication for a month followed by diplopia and blurring of vision and later loss of vision in the right eye. The right eye showed some limitation of ocular movements, presence of relative afferent pupil defect, anterior segment ischaemic changes and anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Visual evoked potential showed an absent P1 wave while the left eye with normal 6/6 vision sowed a prolonged P1 wave. Fundus fluoresceine angiography showed delay in choroidal perfusion. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 120 mm/hr and he was started on oral prednisolone. Superficial temporal artery biopsy obtained one week after starting steroids was positive for giant cell arteritis. Steroids led to the resolution of optic disc swelling, disappearance of anterior segment signs, full recovery of right ocular movements and no further deterioration of the fellow eye. On steroids, he developed insomnia and progressive myopathy which resolved and is now symptom free at lower doses of steroids.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis with panocular involvement in an Indian male. 1455 35

The authors report a case of a 70-year-old man presenting a recent unilateral decrease in visual acuity, appearing in a context of alcohol and tobacco intoxication. Diagnosis of Leber's optic neuropathy was evoked after elimination of other causes of a visual acuity decrease such as giant cell arteritis and compressive or inflammatory optic neuropathy. The authors emphasize that Leber's optic neuropathy must be evoked in a recent decrease in visual acuity, even if it appears in an unusual context.
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PMID:[Leber's optic neuropathy presenting as an alcohol- and tobacco-related optic neuropathy]. 1496 78

A 79-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome developed a right optic neuropathy with optic disc edema and intractable periocular pain, one month after undergoing removal of a gangrenous gallbladder. Although results of a temporal artery biopsy were negative, he was treated with prednisone for presumed temporal arteritis. Attempts at tapering the prednisone dose led to recurrence of periocular pain. On neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation six months after the prednisone treatment was begun, he had developed right fourth and sixth cranial nerve palsies, and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right orbital apex mass. Trans-sphenoidal biopsy revealed Aspergillus fumigatus. During treatment of aspergillosis, the patient developed a left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed multiple ring-enhancing cerebral masses. Biopsy revealed Nocardia asteroides. The patient was successfully treated for both infections with recovery of neurologic function except for the right optic neuropathy. Although immunocompromised patients are known to be subject to multiple infections, this may be the first reported case of concurrent sino-orbital aspergillosis and cerebral nocardiosis.
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PMID:Concurrent sino-orbital aspergillosis and cerebral nocardiosis. 1517 67

Giant cell arteritis is a systemic vasculitis that affects large- and medium sized arteries. The most common ophthalmic manifestation of this disease is anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, leading to acute, painless visual loss in one or both eyes. It is caused by ischemia of the optic nerve head, which is mainly supplied by the short posterior ciliary arteries. Early diagnosis is the key to correct management and prevention of visual loss in the second eye. The treatment of choice for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is high dose of systemic corticosteroids. Only such treatment may prevent blindness. The authors presented a case of a 62 years man with anterior ischemic neuropathy in one eye, which was diagnosed as arteritic form caused by giant cell arteritis. The correct diagnosis was based on typical clinical signs of ischemic changes in the optic nerve head and diagnostic criteria for giant cell arteritis, advocated by American College of Rheumatologists.
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PMID:[Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with giant cell arteritis. Case report]. 1688 58


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