Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Besides the true ischaemias of the optic nerve, which explain the post-haemorrhagic amaurosis, the low tension glaucoma and the open angle glaucoma, there are two varieties of vascular pseudopapillitis. First the variety due to arteriosclerosis, which is characterized by a palid oedema of the disc, followed by optic atrophy, a diminution of the vision field, as well as by signs of arteriosclerosis at the biopsy of the temporal artery. The second variety is the temporal arteritis, which is also characterized by a palid oedema of the disc, followed by optic atrophy, a visual loss, which is often complete, a marked rise of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a typical granulomatous arteritis at the biopsy of the temporal artery. These two varieties are due to an involvement either of the short posterior ciliary arteries or of the central vascular or pial system of the optic nerve.
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PMID:[Vascular pseudopapillitis (author's transl)]. 120 56

Out of 66 patients who were diagnosed as suffering from polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR; n = 40), temporal arteritis (AT; n = 14) or both (n = 12) in a 6.5 year period (incidence 3.4/100,000 per year), 9 died and 49 were followed up for an average period of 28 months. Exacerbations of the illness (n = 24) and complications in the course (n = 32) were more frequent with an initial ESR greater than 90 mm/h. Postural vertigo (n = 11), amaurosis fugax (n = 11) and polyneuropathy (n = 8) were the most frequent neurological complications. Persisting unilateral blindness and aromatic anosmia developed in 2 patients each. Complications were significantly more frequent in patients with initial symptoms of AT (chi 2 P less than 0.001). CRP-levels correlated better with persisting symptoms in the course than did the ESR. Recurrences after treatment were significantly more frequent when the length of corticosteroid-therapy was less than 20 months (chi 2 P less than 0.009). On follow up there were normal values for neopterin, tumour necrosis factor and antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings with giant cell arteritis. 140 90

Temporal arteritis (Horton's disease) is a multifocal granulomatous arteritis which affects elderly people. Its prognosis depends upon the risk of blindness. In a retrospective study of 130 patients we paid special attention to the delay in diagnosis and its relation to the occurrence of ophthalmic complications. In 73 patients (56.2%), this delay exceeded 3 months and reached more than one year in 22 of them. It was not influenced by age or sex. In requests for admission, the diagnosis of temporal arteritis was suggested in only 28 of the 130 cases; 17.7% of the patients were blind. There was a significant increase in the occurrence of ophthalmic lesions when the diagnosis was delayed by 2 to 6 months. In 6 cases, blindness had been preceded by transient amaurosis. These findings confirm that temporal arteritis is belatedly diagnosed by practitioners and that blindness could be avoided by an earlier diagnosis.
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PMID:[Diagnostic delay in Horton's disease. Analysis of the diagnostic delay based on a retrospective study of 130 cases]. 175 65

The atypical clinical course of giant-cell arteritis in the elderly (who may develop a clinical picture of severe consumptive disease) is illustrated by two observations with histologically confirmed temporal arteritis. In addition to fever and loss of weight, the inflammatory vascular process in a 78-year old female was reflected in arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter), probably due to involvement of the coronary arteries, and occlusion of the left axillary artery. Similar general symptoms and various neurological deficits comprising amaurosis, mononeuritis multiplex, polyneuropathy, myopathy and finally subarachnoid hemorrhage characterized the disease in a 72-year-old man. The picture was further complicated by intestinal perforation. In both patients steroids brought considerable improvement and the disease process came to a standstill.
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PMID:[Atypical giant cell arteritis]. 199 Apr 21

A study of the eyeball was carried out using a double frequency Doppler transducer in 31 patients suffering from histologically confirmed temporal arteritis. These patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the results of the ophthalmological examination: group A: 20 patients; normal ophthalmological exam, group B: 5 patients; non specific ocular anomalies, group C: 6 patients; ocular lesions specific to temporal arteritis (ischemic optic neuropathy with amaurosis, dysoric nodules). Doppler examination demonstrated normal curves in the patients in groups A and B. The mean amplitude of systolic peaks was 7.9 mm in group A and 10.3 mm in group B (P = NS). These data did not differ from those of a control population of 22 subjects not suffering from temporal arteritis. On the other hand, group C demonstrated important anomalies on Doppler examination: lack of ophthalmic signal in one case; marked dampening of curves in 4 cases; zones of turbulence in one patient. The mean amplitude of systolic peaks was drastically decreased (1.8 mm). After steroid treatment, a significant increase in blood velocity was seen leading to a normalization of tracings in the majority of cases, including the patients in group C. Doppler examination would appear capable of reliably assessing the risk of ophthalmic complications of temporal arteritis when blood flow anomalies exist. On the other hand, patients with normal Doppler curves may be considered to be at little risk. Subjects at high risk should be urgently treated with high doses of steroids and can be regularly monitored by repeated Doppler examination.
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PMID:[Role of Doppler in the diagnosis of ophthalmic complications of Horton's disease]. 269 67

We have evaluated 100 biopsies of temporal artery carried out in the Hospital La Paz from 1972 to 1986. On the basis of the histological result and the final diagnosis we divided the patients in five groups: I, temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica with positive biopsy, 11 cases; II, temporal arteritis without polymyalgia symptoms and with positive biopsy, 16 cases; III, temporal arteritis with negative biopsy, 7 cases; IV, polymyalgia with negative biopsy, 14 cases; and V, other diagnoses, 43 cases. The number of diagnoses of temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica has increased throughout the recent years, although the positive biopsies/overall biopsies ratio has remained constant. Certain symptoms such as claudication, headache, amaurosis and Raynaud's phenomenon have a high predictive value of a positive result, but their sensitivity is low. In the 25 patients with polymyalgia, biopsy was positive in 11, out of which 4 did not have features of temporal arteritis. Biopsy was positive in 4 out of the 9 patients in whom it was repeated in the contralateral side. The diagnostic yield was higher in those cases in whom it was indicated for classical temporal arteritis symptoms, but we emphasize that there was a 19% positive rate in patients who presented with fever of unknown origin, while it was only 5.5% in those in whom a constitutional syndrome was being evaluated. We conclude that the use of temporal biopsy should be more widespread, as its cost is low and it has no side effects; therefore, it can achieve a great benefit for the patient with a shorter and less expensive hospital stay.
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PMID:[Usefulness of temporal artery biopsy: analysis of 100 cases]. 270

A 68 year-old woman presented with a two-week history of amaurosis fugax, ipsilateral fronto-temporal headache and jaw claudication suggesting carotid giant cell arteritis. However, this syndrome proved to be due to atherosclerosis causing complete occlusion of the external carotid artery at its origin and narrowing of the internal carotid artery. Combined external and internal carotid endarterectomy relieved the symptoms. The symptom complex of temporal arteritis may be rarely mimicked by carotid atherosclerotic occlusive disease.
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PMID:Temporal arteritis-like presentation of carotid atherosclerosis. 396 42

Two cases of temporal arteritis are described. In patient K., aged 79 years, the disease ran an acute course and resulted in bilateral blindness. In patient T., aged 67 years, the disease ran a subacute course with a unilateral amaurosis and involvement into the disease of the cerebellar, humeral, renal, leg and, possibly, heart arteries. Elevation of the amount of circulating immune complexes in patient K. and no elevation in patient T, with the complement content being within normal, can be viewed as features of the disease progress.
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PMID:[2 cases of temporal arteritis]. 652 74

Forty-four unselected patients with amaurosis fugax (AF) have been followed for 4.6 years (mean 2.6). Thirty per cent had atheromatous lesions, 20% had miscellaneous diagnoses (temporal arteritis 5, transitory ocular hypertension 2, glaucomatous iritis 1, benign intracraniel hypertension 1), 50% consisted of young, mainly women, in whom no cause was found. Prior to AF 2 had hemiplegia, 4 TCI, one optic atrophy and suspicion in 3. None died, one developed hemiparesis and one macular degeneration. An individual conservative attitude to AF seems justified in this material.
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PMID:Amaurosis fugax. A unselected material. 663 19

The Authors report a case of temporal arteritis which started with a sudden onset of bilateral amaurosis. They considered this case worth recording, on account of its unusual and striking way of manifestation. Moreover, the importance of an early diagnosis of the disease is underlined, since an adequate steroid therapy, carried out in time, often allows to avoid the serious complications which may arise, particularly blindness. Recent epidemiological studies which showed the elevated incidence of the disease in patients above the age of 50, underline the necessity of considering temporal arteritis as one of the diagnostical possibilities, even if the symptomatology is defective or unclear.
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PMID:[Case of Horton's arteritis with development of simultaneous bilateral amaurosis]. 667 79


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