Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The atypical clinical course of giant-cell arteritis in the elderly (who may develop a clinical picture of severe consumptive disease) is illustrated by two observations with histologically confirmed temporal arteritis. In addition to fever and loss of weight, the inflammatory vascular process in a 78-year old female was reflected in arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter), probably due to involvement of the coronary arteries, and occlusion of the left axillary artery. Similar general symptoms and various neurological deficits comprising amaurosis, mononeuritis multiplex, polyneuropathy, myopathy and finally subarachnoid hemorrhage characterized the disease in a 72-year-old man. The picture was further complicated by intestinal perforation. In both patients steroids brought considerable improvement and the disease process came to a standstill.
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PMID:[Atypical giant cell arteritis]. 199 Apr 21

A 67-year-old lady with giant cell arteritis presented with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and developed occipital infarction and mononeuritis multiplex shortly after being started on high dose steroids.
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PMID:Mononeuritis multiplex and occipital infarction complicating giant cell arteritis. 254 74

Giant cell arteritis is a necrotizing granulomatous arteritis of large arteries, especially the aorta and its branches. Mononeuritis multiplex is a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy usually producing foot or wrist drop, commonly associated with necrotizing arteritis of small and medium-sized arteries. Rheumatoid vasculitis is an example of the latter type of arteritis associated with high-titer 19S IgM rheumatoid factor typically occurring in patients with long-standing erosive rheumatoid arthritis. This report describes a 71-year-old man with biopsy-proved giant cell arteritis, mononeuritis (foot drop) multiplex, and high-titer complement-activating rheumatoid factor without rheumatoid arthritis. Possible pathogenic relationships are discussed.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis associated with mononeuritis multiplex and complement-activating 19S IgM rheumatoid factor. 299 47

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium sized vessels. While the disease may present with blindness or other signs of extracranial vasculitis, symptoms referable to the peripheral nervous system are uncommon. We describe 2 patients with biopsy proven GCA who simultaneously developed peripheral neurologic lesions. The first developed a mononeuritis multiplex superimposed on a diffuse, primarily sensory and distal polyneuropathy; the second, a symmetric, primarily motor and distal polyneuropathy. We review the published experience of GCA with peripheral nerve involvement and discuss a possible pathophysiologic basis for its occurrence.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis and peripheral neuropathy: a report of 2 cases and review of the literature. 303 36

Vasculitis affecting the peripheral nerves predominantly manifests as subacute, progressive, asymmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy or mononeuritis multiplex, and more rarely as painful mononeuropathy, pure sensory neuropathy, neuropathy of the cranial nerves, plexopathy, or as autonomic neuropathy. Vasculitic neuropathy may occur isolated or non-isolated (systemic) together with involvement of other organs. Systemic vasculitis with involvement of the peripheral nerves is further subdivided into primary (Takayasu syndrome, giant cell arteritis, classical panarteritis nodosa, thrombangitis obliterans, Kawasaki disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Wegener granulomatosis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, Behcet disease, microscopic polyangitis, Schoenlein Henoch purpura) or secondary systemic vasculitis (autoimmune connective tissue diseases, vasculitis from infection, sarcoidosis, malignancy, drugs, radiation, or diabetes). In addition to routine laboratory investigations and nerve conduction studies, nerve biopsy is essential for diagnosing the condition and to delineate it from differentials, although its sensitivity is only approximately 60%. Therapy of non-viral vasculitic neuropathy is based on corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide alone or in combination. Additional options include azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or rituximab. In single cases immunoglobulins, immunoadsorbtion, or plasma exchange have been successfully applied. In case of virus-associated vasculitis interferon-alpha plus lamivudine or ribaverin may be beneficial.
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PMID:Systemic and non-systemic vasculitis affecting the peripheral nerves. 1968 41

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare disorder of the hematopoietic system. The disease is characterized by continuously high number of eosinophils (>1.5 x 10(9)/L) for more than six months. Other possible causes of hypereosinophilia, such as allergic and parasitic diseases, malignant disease, Churg-Strauss disease and infection should be eliminated. The most common manifestations of hypereosinophilic syndrome are pulmonary, skin, gastrointestinal, cardiac difficulties and neurologic lesions. Numerous neurologic lesions have been described, in particular of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Review of the literature revealed the following to have been recorded so far: mononeuritis multiplex, sensory polyneuropathy, radiculopathy, myalgia, myositis and perimyositis, neuropathy, ataxia, paraplegia, ophthalmologic abnormalities, optic neuritis, hemiplegia-hemiparesis, spasmodic quadriplegia, seizures, meningitis, cerebral infarction, organic psychosyndrome, other mental changes, stroke, temporal arteritis, leptomeningeal dissemination, memory deficits and dysarthria.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of hypereosinophilic syndrome--review of the literature. 2292 4

We report a 62-year-old man with mild fever, headache and acute visual loss in his right eye due to anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION), followed a few days later by pain in the legs and left arm associated with numbness and weakness. Giant cell arteritis complicated by AION was suspected at the beginning and high-dose oral glucocorticoids were started. However, on the basis of the past medical history of nasal polyposis, asthma, and hypereosynophilia as well as of further investigations (biopsy of the nasal mucosa showing granulomatous inflammation with a rich eosinophilic infiltrate, electromyography demonstrating, mononeuritis multiplex and positive p-ANCA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, was diagnosed. Because visual acuity in the right eye deteriorated despite glucocorticoid therapy, pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide was started, subsequently replaced by oral azathioprine, while prednisone was slowly tapered. This treatment led to gradual improvement of the neurological symptoms, whereas the right visual impairment remained unchanged. EGPA-related AION is an uncommon lesion that is probably due to vasculitic involvement of posterior ciliary and/or chorioretinal arteries. The prognosis of established AION is poor for the affected eye, even when glucocorticoid treatment is started immediately. However, early recognition of AION and prompt aggressive treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide can prevent visual loss in the unaffected eye.
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PMID:Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): a case report and review of the literature. 2414 41

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) has been previously associated with cranial mononeuritis (usually optic neuritis). We hereby describe a 68-year-old man who presented due to fever and diplopia of acute onset. Physical examination revealed left abducens nerve palsy and a hearing defect in the right ear. Brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were not diagnostic. GCA was suspected, and treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone was initiated, leading to marked improvement. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the presence of GCA. While considering corticosteroid tapering, the patient experienced hoarseness due to right laryngeal nerve palsy. Addition of cyclophosphamide to the treatment resulted in full response. GCA mainly affects large vessels, but one or more cranial nerve palsies may also occur. Following a review of the literature, this is the first report of three cranial nerve palsies in the setting of histologically proven GCA. The role of cyclophosphamide in this entity is also discussed.
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PMID:Multiple cranial nerve palsies in giant cell arteritis and response to cyclophosphamide: a case report and review of the literature. 2519 31