Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Besides the true ischaemias of the optic nerve, which explain the post-haemorrhagic amaurosis, the low tension glaucoma and the open angle glaucoma, there are two varieties of vascular pseudopapillitis. First the variety due to arteriosclerosis, which is characterized by a palid oedema of the disc, followed by optic atrophy, a diminution of the vision field, as well as by signs of arteriosclerosis at the biopsy of the temporal artery. The second variety is the temporal arteritis, which is also characterized by a palid oedema of the disc, followed by optic atrophy, a visual loss, which is often complete, a marked rise of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a typical granulomatous arteritis at the biopsy of the temporal artery. These two varieties are due to an involvement either of the short posterior ciliary arteries or of the central vascular or pial system of the optic nerve.
 ...
PMID:[Vascular pseudopapillitis (author's transl)]. 120 56

Circulatory disorders of the optic nerve may be classified into acute and chronic lesions as well as into anterior and posterior ones. In general, anterior lesions clinically prevail; they are located around the lamina cribrosa and are pathogenetically explained as a consequence of decreased blood flow in the posterior ciliary arteries as well as in the perilaminar capillaries. The symptoms of the acute anterior lesions are described. The nerve head infarction may be induced by various circulatory disorders such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes, elevated blood pressure, giant cell arteritis or other collagen diseases, but also by others. The particular importance of giant cell arteritis is stressed. The prognosis of acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is poor, possibilities of treatment are discussed. The chronic anterior lesion is considered to be caused by an imbalance between intraocular pressure and the perfusion pressure in the posterior ciliary arteries and consequently in the perilaminar capillaries. The clinical signs ('low tension glaucoma') are described, the therapeutic measures, although limited, are outlined. The ischemic lesions of the posterior part of the optic nerve are less well defined. However, theoretical considerations as well as clinical experience suggest that such lesions occasionally occur taking either an acute or a chronic course.
 ...
PMID:Circulatory disorders of the optic nerve. 745 23