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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although cerebral angiography should be approached with caution in the diagnosis of inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease there are some characteristic angiographic findings which may be helpful for classification and differential diagnosis. The proximal cerebral arteries are favourably affected by basal meningitis and thrombangiitis obliterans with resulting stenoses and occlusions. Whereas those inflammations originating from neighbouring skull structures mostly involve the intracavernous parts of the carotid artery, the tuberculous and mycotic arteritis prefer the supraclinoid carotid siphon. Peripheral vascular changes are found in luetic endangiitis, necrotizing and toxic angiitis and in collagenoses. Simultaneous involvement of the temporal arteries is of great diagnostic importance demonstrating the systemic character of the inflammatory process; in Horton's arteritis it can be a pathognomonic finding. Infectious endocarditis, some mycoses and malaria may lead to embolic occlusion of cerebral vessels. Mycotic aneurysms mostly have a broad base or a fusiform shape and do not prefer the localizations of congenital aneurysms. Angiographically, abscesses, tuberculomas and viral encephalitis may result in circumscribed hypervascularized areas. The characteristic angiographic findings are exemplified and discussed on the basis of 8 cases of inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease (tuberculosis, pneumococcal and unspecific bacterial meningitis, syphilis, mycosis, Takayasu-syndrome, panarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis).
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PMID:[Inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease: angiographic findings and distribution patterns (author's transl)]. 0 27

Clinical and pathological studies have been conducted on two brothers with unusual encephalopathy of Binswanger's type. The disease started in the third decade with steady progressive course leading to death in eight or nine years. The clinical picture was summarized as a combination of organic dementia, extrapyramidal disorders associated with pseudobulbar symptoms and marked pyramidal tract signs. The blood pressure remained always normal during the course. Pathologically, there were diffuse and focal demyelination with sparing of U-fibers, multiple small foci of perivascular softening in the cerebral white matter and in the basal ganglia and severe arteriosclerotic changes of memingeal small arteries and long arteries with 100 to 400 micron caliber in the cerebral white matter. Vessel changes consisted of fibrous intimal proliferation, severe hyalinosis and splitting of intima and/or internal elastic membrane. The histopathological process belonged to the category of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy of Binswanger's type. There has been some discussion as to differential diagnosis among various forms of vasculitis such as cerebral endangiitis obliterans, periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic vascular disease and giant cell arteritis.
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PMID:Familial unusual encephalopathy of Binswanger's type without hypertension. 97 85

In 1970 a 62-year-old physician with hypertensive vascular disease suffered a small infarction in the left optic disc, which left him with a subtle paracentral temporal visual field defect in that eye. In 1973 he had another separate and distinct episode in the same eye, which produced a dense lower nasal field defect. Careful Hruby lens examination of the disc under high magnification revealed focal arteriolar disease in the optic nerve head corresponding to the field defects, and fluorescein angiography confirmed these findings. The importance of differentiating ischemic optic neuropathy, hypertensive optic neuropathy, and temporal arteritis with optic nerve involvement is emphasized, and the therapy of each is discussed.
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PMID:Hypertensive optic neuropathy. 108 Mar 8

Symptomatic or secondary headache occurs when pain itself is a symptom of disease. It is well known that within the general population the percent frequency of secondary headache is lower than that of primary headache. Moreover, some forms do not seem to evidence particular clinical, diagnostic or physiopathological importance. The Authors investigate here a number of clinical aspects of secondary headache, in particular headache in vascular disease (stroke, hypertension, Horton's arteritis). Particular attention is paid to headache in brain neoplasia due to the interest brought about by the diagnostic problems of this disease. Lastly postural headache and its prevalence in the general population is examined. Various physiopathological aspects of this form (stress, psychosocial events) are evaluated.
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PMID:[Symptomatic headaches in internal medicine: the classification, physiopathological and diagnostic aspects]. 129 96

We report a case of intracerebral hemorrhages due to sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy in a 43-year-old male with a luxuriant giant cell reaction. The amyloid was resistant to potassium permanganate-sulfuric acid oxidation and reacted with an antiserum to synthetic beta-protein. The distribution and histologic characteristics of the multinucleated giant cell reaction suggest that it represents a foreign-body reaction rather than giant cell arteritis.
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PMID:Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy with giant cell reaction. 208 98

The records of 293 patients admitted to Padua University Eye Clinic with diagnosis of optic neuropathy were reviewed. Age and sex distribution of different types of optic neuropathies were analyzed. 84 patients (28.7%) with a mean age of 61.9 years had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). The mean follow up of these patients was 3 years. In less than 30% of patients stabilized visual acuity of the first affected eye was better than 20/200; however, patients younger than 65 showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) better visual acuity than patients older than 64. Involvement of the second eye was found in 26 patients with AION (30.9%), of whom only five were considered idiopathic. The latency before controlateral eye involvement was significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter in patients over 64 years of age than in the younger group. Commonly known associated conditions such as giant cell arteritis (3.6%), arterial hypertension (34.5%), diabetes mellitus (10.7%), both arterial hypertension and diabetes (8.3%), migraine (7.2%) or intracapsular cataract extraction (1.2%) were considered. The frequency of a number of risk factors was found out in patients with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes and in patients with idiopathic AION. Symptoms or signs of ischemic cardiopathy and/or peripheral nonarteritic vascular disease, TIAs prior to AION onset, elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels, excessive smoking were considered. These risk factors were not found in 11.1% of diabetic patients with AION, in 37.9% of hypertensives, in 14.2% of both diabetic and hypertensive patients and in 31% of patients with idiopathic AION. Our data seem to indicate that the onset of AION may be influenced more strongly from these risk factors than aging.
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PMID:Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and aging. 277 May 22

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) may present as pyrexia of unknown origin with profuse night sweats, pain on mastication, headache, pain in the region of the temporal arteries, polymyalgia rheumatica, myocardial infarction or dissecting aortic aneurysm. Few cases with pulmonary involvement have been described. We report a patient with temporal arteritis preceded by pulmonary vascular disease.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis with pulmonary involvement. 316 24

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a nonatherosclerotic, inflammatory, occlusive vascular disease occurring almost exclusively in young male smokers. It involves principally medium sized and small arteries and veins of the lower and upper extremities, and only rarely the visceral and cerebral blood vessels. Buerger's disease of the temporal arteries, unassociated with the involvement of blood vessels of either the upper or lower extremities has not been previously reported. Three such cases, clinically mimicking the classic (giant cell) temporal arteritis of the elderly, are described. This unusual arterial lesion also bears some resemblance to subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease).
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PMID:Thromboangiitis obliterans with eosinophilia (Buerger's disease) of the temporal arteries. 337 84

Coronary artery disease is overwhelmingly atherosclerotic in nature, but inflammatory disease of the coronary arteries can be just as life-threatening a cause of ischemic heart disease in all age groups. Coronary vasculitis is not short in variety; as a clinicopathologic entity it spans the entire spectrum of systemic vasculitides. Coronary vasculitis is most closely associated with the polyarteritis group of necrotizing angiitis, vasculitis of collagen-vascular disease, and granulomatous giant cell arteritis. This article provides an overview of coronary vasculitis as an independent entity as well as a manifestation of systemic vasculitis, both the common and the uncommon varieties.
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PMID:Coronary vasculitis. A review in the current scheme of classification of vasculitis. 354 44

Three cases of peripapillary choroidal filling defects demonstrated by fluorescein angiography are presented. In two cases the defect was interpreted as an occlusion of a posterior ciliary artery. One of these patients had neovascularization of the iris and ischemia of the upper half of the retina. Later a contralateral hemiplegia developed. The other patient had no other known vascular disease of the eye except occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery by giant cell arteritis. One patient had underfilling of the peripapillary choroid which was interpreted as insufficiency of the ciliary circulation; he had neovascularization of the iris, a nonperfused area in the retina and extensive microangiopathy due to arterial hypertension. It was concluded that ciliary hypoxia is the cause of iris and papillary neovascularization. Occlusion of one posterior ciliary artery is not enough to decompensate anterior segment circulation, unless other high risk factors such as carotid insufficiency or arterial hypertension are present.
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PMID:[The significance of ciliary circulation in the development of iris neovascularisation (author's transl)]. 616 Dec 69


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