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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this paper, was to discuss central retinal artery occlusion and its role in the patient's overall health. Several different causes of occlusion such as cardiovascular diseases, carotid artery disease, aortic arch disease and giant cell arteritis are discussed along with their symptomatology and clinical manifestations. Because of the importance of a proper diagnosis, the more common ophthalmoscopic pictures that are confused with the central retinal artery occlusions are also included. A case report of a central retinal artery occlusion secondary to a carotid artery stenosis is presented to acquaint the optometrist to the need of further testing after a vascular accident to the eye.
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PMID:Implications of central retinal artery occlusion. 52 84

Temporal arteritis - ophthalmic arteritis occurring in a pair of monozygotic twins, who were 72 and 77 years of age respectively at the onset of symptoms, is reported. It is pointed out that it is rare to see, as in the first case, an improvement in an already existing severely reduced vision, in relation to corticosteroid treatment. The importance of genetic factors in temporal arteritis is discussed; further it is suggested that a possible association of the disease with tissue type antigens be the object of further study.
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PMID:Monozygotic twins with temporal arteritis and ophthalmic arteritis. 57 89

Anterior segment ischemia is perhaps the most rare ocular manifestation of temporal arteritis. We described a 73-year-old woman with anterior segment ischemia in the course of temporal arteritis. Early recognition of the syndrome and treatment with high doses of steroids led to visual recovery in the involved eye.
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PMID:Anterior segment ischemia in temporal arteritis. 59 6

The (14)C-glycocholic acid test ((14)C-GCA) has been assessed in 27 patients who have had resection of the ileum and colon for Crohn's disease and in 19 patients with unoperated stable Crohn's disease. The incidence of increased breath output of (14)CO(2) and faecal output of (14)C was significantly greater in operated patients. Half the unoperated patients had normal results and, of the others, a modest increase in faecal (14)C was the usual finding. There was no correlation between the (14)C-GCA test, the Schilling test, and the extent and severity of the radiological signs in the unoperated patients. Metronidazole therapy was poorly tolerated and had little or no influence on symptoms but did decrease the excretion of (14)CO(2) in the breath when the (14)C-GCA test was repeated. Cholestyramine therapy was beneficial in the majority of resected patients with diarrhoea and an increased faecal (14)C excretion and, on repeat testing, there was a significant increase in the output of breath (14)CO(2). The beneficial effect was less marked in the unoperated patients and the breath (14)CO(2) output remained normal in those retested. Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids did not seem to make an important contribution to the symptoms of patients with stable unoperated (and uncomplicated) Crohn's disease, even when the ileum was extensively involved.
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PMID:14C-Glycocholate test in Crohn's disease--its value in assessment and treatment. 60 95

Reports of polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in blacks are rare. We analyzed five cases of polymyalgia rheumatica and one case of temporal arteritis appearing in blacks. Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in blacks have the same presentation, course, and response to treatment as in Caucasians. A previously unrecorded case of polymyalgia rheumatica and biopsy-proven temporal arteritis in a black had a similar presentation and course as cases in whites. HLA typing of five cases of polymyalgia rheumatica in blacks revealed an increased incidence of AW30 and BW16 in comparison to whites and polymyalgia.
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PMID:Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in blacks--clinical features and HLA typing. 60 81

Among the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 42 patients with temporal arteritis were identified during a 25-year period. The average annual incidence per 100 000 population aged 50 and older rose from 5.1 in 1950-1959 to 17.4 in 1970-1974. The prevalence of patients with a history of the diagnosis of temporal arteritis on 1 January 1975 was 133 per 100 000 population aged 50 and older. All patients received corticosteroid therapy for a range of 1 to 77 months (median, 7 months). Relapses in 10 of 11 patients were associated with corticosteroid reduction. The majority of patients recovered fully and were followed off corticosteroids for 10 months to 19 years (median, 5 years). Temporal arteritis had no significant effect on survival. Vertebral compression fractures and myopathy were the most serious complications of therapy. The presence of giant cells in biopsies was in part related to the number of sections examined, and their presence had no apparent influence on the clinical course.
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PMID:Temporal arteritis: a 25-year epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic study. 62 44

Actinic damage (actinic elastosis) affecting the internal elastic lamina appears to be the prime cause of 'age change' and arteritis of the temporal artery. Resorption and removal of altered elastin (elastolysis) is an integral part of the pathology of actinic damage. Actinic irradiation is probably responsible for the destruction and disappearance of a vast number of arterioles in elastotic skin. The intimate connection between temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica prompts the belief that the vascular and other internal malign components of the temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome might likewise be due, albeit indirectly, to the same actinic cause. Actinic elastotic damage at the body surface could have this effect by provoking a state of systemic elastolysis. Although ultraviolet (uv) light is often regarded as the sole cause of actinic elastosis, penetrating infrared (heat) irradiation may deserve a large or even a dominant share of the blame.
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PMID:A concept of diffuse actinic arteritis. The role of actinic damage to elastin in 'age change' and arteritis of the temporal artery and in polymyalgia rheumatica. 62 8

Disseminated visceral giant cell arteristic, a previously unknown entity, was observed in four autopsied patients, all men, aged 33, 67, 59 and 45 years. None of the patients had temporal arteritis, collagen disease, sarcoidosis, hepatitis or other infections, and vasculitis was diagnosed only after death. All had giant cell arteritis of extracranial arteries and arterioles in at least three of the following organs: the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and stomach in various combinations. Despite some histopathologic similarities, disseminated visceral giant cell arteritis can be distinguished from other necrotizing and granulomatous vasculitides by the type of vessels principally affected and the presence or absence of giant cells, vascular fibrinoid necrosis and eosinophilic infiltrates. The observations suggest that it is a distinctive type of systemic vasculitis.
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PMID:Disseminated visceral giant cell arteritis: histopathologic description and differentiation from other granulomatous vasculitides. 63 44

We report two cases of polyarteritis and some of hypersensitivity angiitis diagnosed by temporal artery biopsy. Autopsies showed no evidence of giant cell arteritis. A review of the English literature provides seven further autopsy cases of necrotizing vasculitis diagnosed by temporal artery biopsy. The term temporal arteritis includes many types of vasculitis, giant cell arteritis being one of them.
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PMID:Non-giant cell temporal arteritis. Three cases and a review of the literature. 64 34

Mental symptoms are common in temporal arteritis. Reported here is a case in which a deficit in nonverbal memory documented with psychological testing resolved after a course of steroids. Besides the global confusional states commonly seen in temporal arteritis, focal intellectual impairment may be seen. It seems possible that some patients presenting with dementia as well as focal mental signs may have temporal arteritis. The diagnosis can easily be made by performing an erythrocyte sedimentation rate and temporal artery biopsy.
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PMID:Reversible mental symptoms in temporal arteritis. 66 Jan 80


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