Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biopsies from the temporal artery of 32 patients suspected of giant-cell arteritis were evaluated retrospectively by light microscopy, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods, as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the clinical follow-up the 32 patients included four clinical groups: temporal arteritis (8 patients), polymyalgia rheumatica (10 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (4 patients), and a group of miscellaneous diseases unrelated to inflammatory rheumatic diseases (10 patients). There were a number of similarities between age-related alterations in the arteries and the changes in giant-cell arteritis. The most important differences were the inflammatory cellular infiltration of the media, the perifocal accumulation of fibronectin, and the occurrence of deposits of fibrin/fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products. In addition, alpha-2 macroglobulin, lysozyme and factor VIII were also noted in giant-cell arteritis. The alterations in giant-cell arteritis show a number of similarities to the changes following experimental vascular injury of the rabbit aorta. The nature of the findings in human giant-cell arteritis, as well as the similarity to the experimental arteritis, indicate that giant-cell arteritis may reflect a non-specific reaction to injury, independent of the cause of the disease.
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PMID:Giant-cell arteritis. Histological, immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic studies. 244 62

Serum specimens from 35 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis (PMR/GCA) were obtained sequentially at variable time intervals up to a year from onset of disease. These were tested for antibodies to intermediate filaments by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp2 cells as substrate. Twenty four of 35 (68%) patients' sera at onset of disease were positive at an anti-intermediate filament antibody (AIFA) titre of greater than 1/40 compared with three outs of 19 (15%) control sera. AIFA were predominantly of IgM class, and there was no significant change in AIFA titres on follow up despite clinical remission of disease.
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PMID:Antibodies to intermediate filaments in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a sequential study. 244 69

With regard to certain clinical features, polymyalgia rheumatica (PR) may closely resemble dermatomyositis. In contrast to dermatomyositis, PR usually does not show any cutaneous manifestations, although there might be seen concomitant giant cell arteritis. Furthermore, we do not find muscle enzymes in the serum with PR, and there is no histologic evidence of myositis. In rare cases, however, PR may be associated with cutaneous drug eruption and/or non-specific increase of muscle enzymes, which might cause considerable difficulties regarding the diagnostic differentiation from dermatomyositis.
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PMID:[Polymyalgia rheumatica with drug eruption--an important differential diagnosis to dermatomyositis]. 252 35

Takayasu's arteritis, an inflammatory and obliterative disease of medium and large arteries, is classified as a giant cell arteritis. It has a predilection for the aortic arch and its branches and the pulmonary arteries. Unlike atherosclerotic vascular diseases, Takayasu's arteritis affects young women primarily. Early symptoms may be mainly systemic and may resemble polymyalgia rheumatica. The etiology is unknown, but infectious agents and autoimmunity have been suggested to play a role. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical findings, and angiographic findings, because tissue diagnosis rarely is feasible. The two cases reported here represent contrasting phases of Takayasu's arteritis.
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PMID:Takayasu's arteritis. 256 93

Serum levels of prealbumin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins, and white blood cell count were prospectively studied in 33 patients affected by polymyalgia rheumatica during the first 45 days of treatment with 6-methylprednisolone. Almost all parameters considered, except for fibronectin and IgM, settled within the normal range fairly quickly, while prealbumin showed a specular course compared with the other reactants. This behavior reflected the improvement of clinical symptoms registered in all patients after steroid treatment. Finally, the genesis of the low baseline prealbumin levels found in polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis and their behavior during treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Behavior of prealbumin in the acute phase of polymyalgia rheumatica treated with 6-methylprednisolone. 259 95

A prospective clinical study (1974-1988) was carried out in 33 patients with several types of systemic vasculitis (SV) presenting as fever of unknown origin (FUO) according to the 1961 Petersdorf and Beeson's criteria. Histological confirmation, either from biopsy or necropsy, was available in all cases. The types of SV with FUO were: panarteritis nodosa (PAN) (14 cases), giant cell arteritis (GCA) (13 cases), and overlapping polyangiitic syndrome (OPS) (6 cases). In PAN, the clinical features associated with fever at the onset of the disease were remarkably nonspecific: constitutional symptoms (85%), arthromyalgia (50%), nonspecific abdominal pain (28%), and irritative cough (28%). In the whole course of the cases of GCA a significantly smaller frequency of presentation of local arterial symptoms and polymyalgia rheumatica (p less than 0.01) was found in the subgroup of patients with FUO than in those without it. As regard laboratory data, a higher increase of serum alkaline phosphatase (p less than 0.05) was found in the cases of PAN and OPS with FUO. Striated muscle biopsy and arteriography were the most useful investigations in the diagnosis of PAN. The study that gave the diagnosis in the cases of GCA was temporal artery biopsy.
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PMID:[Systemic vasculitis as a cause of fever of unknown origin]. 260 77

Prompted by one of our own case studies, which we report here, we reviewed the literature for coincidence of rheumatoid arteritis (RA) with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and temporal arteritis (TA), respectively. The indicative feature of this uncommon condition was found in 13 cases, whereas in 70 other cases reported, the diagnosis of combined RA and PMR/TA was probable. Diagnostic criteria for determining combined RA and PMR/TA will be discussed, as well as the clinical important feature of senile RA.
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PMID:[Coexistence of polymyalgia rheumatica/temporal arteritis and chronic polyarthritis]. 265 36

The coincidence of arthritis with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) or temporal arteritis (TA) is not well established. After reviewing the literature we found that 22% of patients suffering from PMR/TA present with additional signs of inflammatory joint involvement. Joints predominantly affected are the sternal junctions, knee and shoulder joints, and the wrists, involvement of the latter frequently resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome. With the exception of sternal junctions, bony erosions are rarely seen. In most cases, synovitis is mild, pauciarticular, asymmetrical, transient and not destructive. Little evidence for inflammatory involvement of spine or sacroiliac joints was found, thus, back pain in these patients should be considered as caused by osteoporosis of the spinal column, mostly due to prolonged corticosteroid treatment.
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PMID:[Joint involvement in polymyalgia rheumatica/temporal arteritis]. 265 37

A prospective study of 33 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis (PMR/GCA) was undertaken, firstly, to monitor sequentially peripheral blood CD8+ lymphocyte levels and, secondly, to assess the expression of activation markers on T lymphocyte subsets. The results indicated that there was a significant decrease in absolute numbers and relative percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes, which returned to normal ranges after approximately 24 months' treatment, and that there was an increased percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes in PMR/GCA which express HLA class II antigens.
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PMID:Selective depletion and activation of CD8+ lymphocytes from peripheral blood of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. 265 44

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a clinical syndrome that occurs almost exclusively in older patients. It is characterized by muscle aching and stiffness and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It must be distinguished from other common disorders, particularly polymyositis, fibromyalgia, and other chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases. A temporal artery biopsy should be done in patients with confirmed polymyalgia rheumatica and suspected coexistent temporal arteritis, which can have serious manifestations. Patients with polymyalgia rheumatica respond dramatically to low doses of corticosteroids, although prolonged daily treatment often may be needed.
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PMID:Polymyalgia rheumatica. Clinical features and management. 267 57


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