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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the three-year period 1986-1988, 95 patients were referred to the county eye department on account of suspected giant cell arteritis (GCA = temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica). Among the 51 with GCA, nine had visual loss. Bilateral blindness occurred in one patient. Temporal artery biopsy was positive in 18 patients. Malignancies were found in two of the 44 patients in whom the GCA diagnosis was subsequently rejected. In the somatic hospitals of the county, a total of 263 GCA patients could be collected during the sampling period. Requests to the primary health service ophthalmologists revealed one further case with marked visual loss. A total of ten out of 264 patients visual loss associated with GCA denotes a lower ocular risk than traditionally presumed. The result is in agreement with previous Danish and Nordic investigations. Probably the low visual risk is related to a high diagnostic rate of GCA, given here by an annual hospital based incidence in the county of 1 per 1,000 of age 50+. Considering the number of cases diagnosed and treated outside hospital, the real incidence is even higher. Regarding visual loss, however, we feel that all known cases with serious reduction of sight due to recognized GCA have been included.
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PMID:[Giant cell arteritis and vision complications. Illustrated by a 3-year study from hospitals in the county of Frederiksborg]. 154 69

Giant cell arteritis is a generalized inflammatory disorder involving large and medium-sized arteries. The etiology is unknown, although an autoimmune pathogenesis seems probable. In view of the clinical similarities between patients with positive biopsy findings for polymyalgia rheumatica and those with negative biopsy findings, many authors favor the concept that polymyalgia rheumatica is an expression of an underlying giant cell arteritis. There is, however, still controversy as to whether polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis are different expressions of one and the same disease or two separate, partly overlapping types of giant cell arteritis. A single etiologic factor may be responsible for the two conditions, sometimes expressing itself as polymyalgia rheumatica and sometimes as giant cell arteritis. Recent findings of morphologic similarities in terms of arterial wall atrophy, calcifications, and inflammatory reactions may indicate that polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis represent different degrees or stages of the same disease.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis. 154 59

A survey of the prevalence of chronic arthritic conditions was carried out on a population of 35,251 patients registered with 29 general practitioners in the highlands of Scotland. Symptomatic osteoarthritis had an overall prevalence of 65 per 1000 but rose from one in 20 of those aged 40-50 years to one quarter of those over 70 years of age. Rheumatoid arthritis was present in 5.5 per 1000 with a two to threefold female preponderance and there was an unexplained threefold difference between the regions with the highest and lowest prevalence. Seronegative arthritides were found in 2.1 per 1000, polymyalgia rheumatica/temporal arteritis in 1.2 per 1000, and gout in 3.4 per 1000. Juvenile chronic arthritis had a prevalence of 0.39 per 1000 (2.0 per 1000 in those aged 15 years and younger) and connective tissue disease 0.45 per 1000. There was considerable variation in the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis throughout the region. The highest prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was 14.5 per 1000 women in one east coast area and the lowest 5.2 per 1000 women in the west. The difference did not seem to be due to misclassification. A consultant's review of a questionnaire sent to all except those with osteoarthritis changed the proportions of patients who could be confirmed to have the respective inflammatory arthritides (rheumatoid arthritis between 3.4 and 5.0 per 1000, seronegative arthritides 2.0 per 1000, juvenile chronic arthritis 0.52 per 1000), and a third of those diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis failed to meet hospital oriented diagnostic criteria.
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PMID:Prevalence of chronic arthritis in four geographical areas of the Scottish Highlands. 155 Apr 2

Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis are entities seen chiefly in older adults. Polymyalgia rheumatica is characterized by muscle and joint aches and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and it responds rapidly to low-dose corticosteroid therapy. Temporal arteritis is a vasculitic process, the diagnosis of which must be established by invasive procedures. Higher doses of steroids are necessary to treat it, and the potential for steroid-induced side effects is high.
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PMID:Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. Related conditions with differing therapies. 156 Nov 61

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disease which mainly affects elderly patients and is highly responsive to steroid therapy. PMR can be associated with giant cell arteritis and, less frequently, with malignancy. The authors describe three cases of paraneoplastic PMR. In one patient PMR has been the initial manifestation of a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in two of a malignant neoplasm of the gastrointestinal system. In two patients the response to steroid therapy was documented. A careful clinical evaluation and a long term follow-up is needed before considering PMR an idiopathic disease.
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PMID:[Polymyalgia rheumatica and malignant neoplasms. A report of 3 cases]. 162 13

Of 159 patients with either polymyalgia rheumatica, seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or an undifferentiated syndrome with features of both who were followed for at least 30 months, synovitis recurred in 57. Twenty of the 57 patients had one episode of polymyalgia and another that looked like RA. Recurrences responded to prednisone and no joint destruction was seen. Temporal arteritis was seen with both diagnoses. These observations suggest that a benign symmetric synovitis occurs in older patients and may present as polymyalgia or as a polyarthritis that resembles RA.
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PMID:Polymyalgia rheumatica and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis may be the same entity. 849 81

The occurrence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) (considering temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica as its manifestations) was investigated in Western Nyland, Finland. Between 1984 and 1988 54 patients were diagnosed in a population of about 44,500. Fourteen patients (26%) had biopsy proven arteritis at the initial evaluation, and 2 patients became biopsy positive during followup. The retrospectively determined annual incidence of GCA in a 44 month period was 22.5/10(5) in the whole population, and 69.8/10(5) in residents aged 50 years or older. The corresponding figures of a prospective 16 month study were 30.4/10(5) and 94.4/10(5). The incidence rates of the prospective study are higher than those reported in comparable studies. Polymyalgia rheumatica, occurring alone or combined with cranial symptoms, was the most frequent manifestation of GCA, being present in 87% of patients.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a region of Finland: an epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic study, 1984-1988. 162 27

Biopsy of the temporal artery is still the most important component in the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Although this is a minor surgical intervention, certain vascular complications must be considered. Therefore, preoperative Doppler sonography should be performed. Finally, to prevent false-negative results, the temporal artery should be excised bilaterally and not shorter than 4 cm.
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PMID:[Biopsy of the temporal artery in polymyalgia rheumatica]. 163 51

Giant cell arteritis is a generalized vasculitis mainly affecting elderly people. The incidence is increasing, but only for women. The etiology is still unknown, but evidence suggests a cellular immunologic reaction against a local antigen present in the arterial wall. The disease can present itself with a great variety of symptoms. Constitutional symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and anorexia seem to be more common than hitherto believed. Onset of large artery involvement is independent of the evolution of the classic clinical symptoms. Peripheral synovitis is rarely seen in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica, and when it occurs, it is transient, nonerosive, and nondeforming. Glucocorticosteroids are the only generally accepted treatment in giant cell arteritis. After a higher initial dose of corticosteroids, most patients can be treated with a low maintenance dose, with little risk of steroid-induced osteoporosis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is still the best test for monitoring the disease.
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PMID:Giant cell and Takayasu's arteritis. 167 13

IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were found in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis and then in 11 of 22 patients with temporal arteritis (TA) studied prospectively. In comparison IgG aCL were found in only one of 18 elderly controls with rheumatoid arthritis and one of 47 healthy elderly controls. In TA IgG aCL were more frequent in those with acute disease (8/12), in those with an accompanying history of polymyalgia rheumatica (9/13), p less than 0.05); and levels normalized with corticosteroid treatment. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA) were present in one patient with TA who had no systemic disease.
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PMID:Anticardiolipin and antineutrophil antibodies in giant cell arteritis. 186 39


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