Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of circulating immunocomplexes (CIC) was evaluated in several collagen diseases and in a control group of 100 healthy individuals. Three methods were used for their detection: binding to C1q in solid phase, binding to conglutinin in solid phase, and measurement of the serum capacity to solubilize an experimental immunocomplex. In the group of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) significant differences were found for the three techniques (p less than 0.001) and also for activity (p less than 0.001). The most sensitive method was binding to C1q. The sensitivity of the three techniques for CIC was very low in the group of patients with systemic sclerosis, and the highest rate of positive results was found with binding to C1q (10%). In the group with hypersensitivity vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa CIC were found in 71% of cases, more than one method being positive in 50%. The highest sensitivity was obtained with the conglutinin method (48%). In patients with temporal arteritis, significant differences were only found for conglutinin binding method (p less than 0.001), with low rates of positivity.
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PMID:[Evaluation and significance of circulating immunocomplexes and their correlation with other immunologic parameters in connective tissue diseases]. 228 96

An allergic disease may develop in any organ or system. The respective etiological factors include foreign proteins, infectious agents such as various microbes, viruses, moulds, parasites, chemical compounds often in the form of drugs usually designated as haptens, polysaccharides, benign and malignant neoplasms. Of the factors operating in the causal pathogenesis of such diseases the most important one is an exaggerated formation of antibodies, which appears to be uncontrolled and occurring irrespective of the demands of the organism. The essential morphological features in allergic inflammation are rather variegated, their diagnostic value differing in a wide range but being never absolute. The above features include eosinophilic leucocytes, allergic arteritis and phlebitis, fibrinoid necrotic glomerulonephritis, histiocytic granulomatous inflammation or histiocytic granuloma. Granulomatous capsulitis and trabeculitis affecting the spleen and lymph nodes are believed to be of major diagnostic significance. The immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase methods and electron microscopy are important diagnostic tools. It has been generally acknowledged that many drugs operate as antigens. They may cause death of the respective patient, but allergic manifestations may subside after withdrawal of such drugs. On occasion they operate as a trigger mechanism with the allergy progressing even after treatment had been interrupted. Therefore they have been receiving extreme attention. Our collection of cases a case of giant-cell myocarditis following sulfamethoxypyridazine, anaphylactic shock has been reported to occur after intravenous administration of novocaine, and generalized cutaneous vasculitis developed in the same patient during the subsequent phase. A similar cutaneous finding was reported to have developed after penicillin injection, granulomatous inflammation developed owing to sulfonamide treatment. Allergic tumour-like lymphadenitis developed after administration of anti-anthracic serum; an anticonvulsive syndrome developed after hydantoinate administration. The latter consisted of generalized exanthema, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. The lymph nodes showed tumour-like lymphadenitis mimicking lymphogranuloma or reticulosis. Allergic diseases appear as either isolated organ lesions or systemic diseases. Thus, isolated and systemic polyarteritis nodosa, isolated nasal, pulmonary or systemic Wegener's granulomatosis have been recognized. Temporal arteritis has been recognized as a localized form of systemic giant-cell arteritis. The haemolytic-uraemic syndrome appears to be a milder variety of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Allergic diseases or manifestations occasionally affect two or more organs or systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathology of allergic diseases. 248 27

A prospective clinical study (1974-1988) was carried out in 33 patients with several types of systemic vasculitis (SV) presenting as fever of unknown origin (FUO) according to the 1961 Petersdorf and Beeson's criteria. Histological confirmation, either from biopsy or necropsy, was available in all cases. The types of SV with FUO were: panarteritis nodosa (PAN) (14 cases), giant cell arteritis (GCA) (13 cases), and overlapping polyangiitic syndrome (OPS) (6 cases). In PAN, the clinical features associated with fever at the onset of the disease were remarkably nonspecific: constitutional symptoms (85%), arthromyalgia (50%), nonspecific abdominal pain (28%), and irritative cough (28%). In the whole course of the cases of GCA a significantly smaller frequency of presentation of local arterial symptoms and polymyalgia rheumatica (p less than 0.01) was found in the subgroup of patients with FUO than in those without it. As regard laboratory data, a higher increase of serum alkaline phosphatase (p less than 0.05) was found in the cases of PAN and OPS with FUO. Striated muscle biopsy and arteriography were the most useful investigations in the diagnosis of PAN. The study that gave the diagnosis in the cases of GCA was temporal artery biopsy.
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PMID:[Systemic vasculitis as a cause of fever of unknown origin]. 260 77

Three cases of giant cell arteritis have been admitted to our Institution from 1985 to 1989, with different diagnoses: aortic dissection, left atrial myxoma and fever of unexplained origin. The diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA)/temporal arteritis (TA), biopsy proven, allowed us to institute an effective corticosteroid treatment. These 3 cases of TA permit us to emphasize the systemic vascular involvement in GCA/TA, with the aorta and its major branches being the districts mainly affected; the polymorphism of clinical manifestations at onset; the importance of constitutional symptoms that can dominate other clinical manifestations. Concomitant involvement of the aorta and its major branches, and of small sized arteries, permits regarding Horton's disease as an overlap syndrome between "pulseless disease" of Takayasu and systemic necrotizing vasculitides of the polyarteritis nodosa group. A prompt diagnosis of this arteritis is needed, because of the good therapeutic opportunities with corticosteroids, and because of the possibility of serious vascular and ocular complications without therapy.
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PMID:[Giant cell arteritis of cardiologic relevance: polymorphism of the clinical manifestations and therapeutic indications]. 269 Oct 73

An 80-year-old white man presented with gangrenous lesions involving several distal phalanges of his left hand and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Temporal artery biopsy showed patchy destruction of the internal elastic lamina by mononuclear cell infiltration, consistent with the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. After amputation of gangrenous lesions, he was discharged taking prednisone (60 mg/day). Twelve months after discharge there was no recurrence of ischemic manifestations and ESR was normal. Association of digital gangrene and elevated ESR should alert the clinician toward this diagnosis once other diseases such as atherosclerosis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa have been ruled out.
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PMID:Temporal arteritis revealed by upper limb gangrene. 271 2

Histopathologic examination can sometimes provide unexpected indications. In this report giant cell arteritis of uterine vessels was found. It permitted to explain biological abnormalities presented by the patient who suffered of a particularly inflammatory syndrome. These abnormalities had been initially attributed to repetitive urinary infections due to third-degree uterine prolapse (associated bladder prolapse). The diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa (P.A.N.) was supported with the results of muscular biopsy. This diagnosis was confirmed by evolution: it showed secondary renal and hepatic damages. Finally three months after corticotherapy was undertaken, the general state was very improved.
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PMID:[Giant cell arteritis of the uterus. Apropos of a case]. 286 79

Four cases of histologically proven temporal arteritis presenting with atypical clinical, anatomical or evolutive features and raising nosological problems concerning the type of vasculitis involved are presented. In patients with temporal arteritis, some elements are suggestive of periarteritis nodosa. They include peripheral neurological lesions, renal or pleuro-pulmonary lesions and the histological appearance of the temporal artery. Diagnosing periarteritis nodosa in a case of temporal arteritis leads to a special therapeutic strategy.
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PMID:[Temporal arteritis: a syndrome. From Horton's disease to periarteritis nodosa]. 298 Oct 36

Bladder neuropathy was diagnosed in 3 patients with systemic vasculitis (temporal arteritis: 1 case; periarteritis nodosa: 2 cases). Clinical characteristics were: dysuria, diminished or abolished bladder sensation leading to indolent bladder retention. Urodynamic investigation showed hypotonic and underactive detrusor, increased detrusor compliance, hyposensitive bladder, and/or overactive urethral closure. Needle electrode examination showed signs of denervation of periurethral muscles; sacral evoked latencies were increased, favouring pudenal nerve alterations. Symptoms and urodynamic abnormalities resolved following corticosteroid therapy. Clinical and therapeutic implications of bladder neuropathy in necrotizing vasculitis are emphasized.
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PMID:[Vesical neuropathy in systemic vasculitis: 3 cases]. 290 80

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the primary therapy in most of the rheumatic diseases. After an adequate trial of NSAIDs in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, the physician would usually add either a slow-acting remittive drug or an antimalarial. If the response to these drugs is unsatisfactory, or they have lost their effectiveness, then a cytotoxic drug would be considered for RA. With major organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus or with vasculitis (polymyalgia rheumatica/temporal arteritis and polyarteritis nodosa), corticosteroids would play an important role. Cytotoxic drugs are being used with increased frequency in conditions that may be refractory to steroids, such as polyarteritis or Wegener's granulomatosis, and when the side effects of high dose steroids are becoming intolerable. Whichever drug is chosen, careful instruction to the patient and follow-up of that patient for side effects are essential.
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PMID:Office management of rheumatic disease. Pharmacology and laboratory evaluation. 326 53

A series of 24 consecutive patients presenting with a fundus picture characterized by a predominance of cotton-wool spots, or a single cotton-wool spot, is reported. Excluded were patients with known diabetes mellitus. Etiologic conditions found included previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in five patients, systemic hypertension in five patients, cardiac valvular disease in two patients, radiation retinopathy in two patients, and severe carotid artery obstruction in two patients. Dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, leukemia, AIDS, Purtscher's retinopathy, metastatic carcinoma, intravenous drug abuse, partial central retinal artery obstruction, and giant cell arteritis were each found in one patient. In only one patient did a systemic workup fail to reveal an underlying cause. The presence of even one cotton-wool spot in an otherwise normal fundus necessitates an investigation to ascertain systemic etiologic factors.
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PMID:Cotton-wool spots. 386 24


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