Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pain around the eye can be caused by local ophthalmic disorders or by disease of other structures sharing trigeminal nerve sensory innervation. In general, most ocular causes for pain also cause the eye to be red, thus alerting the examiner to the focality of the problem. However, conditions like eyestrain, intermittent angleclosure glaucoma or neovascular glaucoma, and low-grade intraocular inflammation can be painful and not be associated with obvious redness. Ocular signs and symptoms also occur with numerous other causes of headache. Double vision in association with periocular pain can result from orbital lesions, isolated cranial neuropathies, and cavernous sinus lesions. Pupillary abnormalities like Horner's syndrome may result from a variety of painful conditions, including cluster headache, parasellar neoplasms or aneurysms, internal carotid dissection or occlusion, and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Pain with a dilated and unreactive pupil may reflect a benign condition like Adie's syndrome or ophthalmoplegic migraine, or it may herald the presence of a life-threatening posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Headache and transient visual loss can be manifestations of classic migraine, or be symptoms of ocular hypoperfusion from ipsilateral internal carotid occlusion or increased intracranial pressure from pseudotumor cerebri. In a young patient, head pain with a fixed visual deficit may result from optic neuritis, in an older adult, temporal arteritis may be the culprit. Ophthalmologic aspects of headache thus encompass problems that range from simple and benign to complex and formidable.
 ...
PMID:Ophthalmologic aspects of headache. 202 Feb 23

Neurological involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis was studied by reviewing the charts of 324 consecutive patients in whom the diagnosis was made at the Mayo Clinic. One hundred nine patients (33.6%) had neurological involvement. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 53; cranial neuropathy, in 21; external ophthalmoplegia, in 16; cerebrovascular events, in 13; seizures, in 10; cerebritis, in 5; and miscellaneous involvement, in 25. The mean age and sex ratio were similar in the patients with and those without neurological involvement. Among the patients with peripheral neuropathy, 42 had mononeuropathy multiplex; 6, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy; and 5, unclassified peripheral neuropathy. Multiple mononeuropathy was a major presenting symptom in 8 patients. A significantly higher percentage of patients with peripheral neuropathy, compared to those without peripheral neuropathy, had kidney involvement (p < 0.001). The second, sixth, and seventh cranial nerves were most frequently affected. Multiple cranial nerves were affected in 8 patients. Unusual neurological manifestations in the miscellaneous group were spastic paraparesis, temporal arteritis, Horner's syndrome, and papilledema.
 ...
PMID:Neurological involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis: an analysis of 324 consecutive patients at the Mayo Clinic. 838 87

Unilateral ptosis is seen in a limited number of conditions such as Horner syndrome, cluster headache, trauma, tumor, stroke, old age, nerve injury, lacrimal gland tumor, temporal arteritis or disorders of the upper eyelid. The authors present a case of unilateral ptosis secondary to Burkitt lymphoma metastasis to brain with excellent response to chemotherapy and complete resolution of ptosis in a man with human immunodeficiency virus. This vignette emphasizes the importance of recognizing ptosis as an initial presentation of Burkitt lymphoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus under appropriate clinical settings.
 ...
PMID:Burkitt lymphoma presenting as ptosis in a man with human immunodeficiency virus. 2198 2

Neuro-ophthalmic emergencies can cause life-threatening or sight-threatening complications. Various conditions may have acute neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, including inflammatory or ischemic processes, as well as tumoral, aneurysmal compression or metabolic and systemic diseases. Diplopia related to a partial third nerve palsy with pupillary involvement may reveal an intracranial aneurysm. Abnormalities of conjugate gaze may reveal an inflammatory or ischemic lesion, most often of the brainstem. An intracranial tumor may also manifest itself as a single or multiple oculomotor palsy, or causing various visual field defects, due to optic nerve, chiasm or retrochiasmal involvement. Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy may be the first manifestation of giant cell arteritis, prompting rapid treatment with steroids to prevent contralateral involvement. A (painful) Horner syndrome may be the presenting sign of carotid dissection, or it may be a sign of a central or thoracic sympathetic lesion. Beyond these classical emergencies, this non-exhaustive review will also present more rare clinical situations, describing novel algorithms for quick recognition and prompt intervention in acute neuro-ophthalmology.
 ...
PMID:[Neuro-ophthalmic emergencies]. 2763 95

Neuro-ophthalmological emergency disorders typically present with symptoms of visual loss, diplopia, ocular motility impairment or anisocoria. The ocular manifestations of these disorders are sometimes indicative of a more serious global neurology disease rather than an isolated ocular disease. The aim of this review is to highlight four important neuro-ophthalmological emergency disorders that must not be missed by an ophthalmologist. These include acute painful Horner's syndrome, painful cranial nerve III palsy, giant cell arteritis and transient ischaemic attack with amaurosis fugax. The delayed diagnosis of these clinical entities puts the patient at risk of blindness or death. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and management of these conditions are essential. This can be acquired from understanding the main signs and symptoms of the disease presentation together with a high index of suspicion while working at a busy eye emergency department.
 ...
PMID:Four common diseases causing sudden blindness or death in the eye emergency department. 3278 13