Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although invariably seen with immunofluorescence in Giant Cell Temporal Arteritis, deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the wall of the temporal arteries is nevertheless not specific to his condition. The results of the preliminary study reported here would seem to indicate that this phenomenon is related to the dysimmune state. A simple investigation, temporal artery biopsy with examination in immunofluorescence may be used to provide evidence for a diagnosis of circulating immune complex disease, the type of which can be defined only by the clinicopathological and biological context. Thus the practical value of temporal artery biopsy goes far beyong giant cell arteritis only.
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PMID:[Direct examination in immunofluorescence of temporal artery sections. Value and limitations (author's transl)]. 14 56

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis is a serious inflammatory condition that can lead to blindness, stroke, or other adverse sequelae if not properly treated. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate has traditionally been emphasized as a criterion for making this diagnosis. Delays in diagnosis and unnecessary testing may occur when a patient presents with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a clinical history consistent with this condition. We describe a patient with giant cell arteritis who presented with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and who subsequently developed devastating central nervous system complications.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis. A case with unusual neurologic manifestations and a normal sedimentation rate. 172 19

Giant-cell arteritis involving the uterus was identified incidentally upon hysterectomy and anterior colporrhaphy for uterine prolapse. Subsequently, the patient was found to have giant-cell temporal arteritis presenting with fever of unknown origin. Fourteen previous cases involving the female genital tract have been reported. There appears to be an association between constitutional symptoms of fever, weight loss, malaise, headache, and polymyalgia rheumatica in elderly women with uterine prolapse and giant-cell arteritis of the genital tract. The rare presentation of giant-cell arteritis in the female genital tract does not support invasive costly evaluation in asymptomatic patients. However, a thorough investigation for involvement of other sites, including appropriate treatment for generalized disease, should be undertaken.
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PMID:Giant-cell arteritis of the uterus with associated temporal arteritis: a case report. 221 59

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis was first described by Horton and colleagues in 1932, and polymyalgia rheumatica in 1957 by Barber who suggested this title for an entity resembling, but distinct from, rheumatoid arthritis of unknown aetiology in the elderly. Arteritic features were sufficiently common in polymyalgia rheumatica to suggest an arteriopathy as a cause, further evidence of this being the change from the clinical picture picture of polymyalgia rheumatica to giant cell arteritis and vice versa in many patients such that the alternative title polymyalgia arteritica was suggested. The clinical picture of polymyalgia rheumatica is that of an elderly patient, more often female than male, usually over 60 years of age, with painful stiffness in the girdle joints and muscles of the shoulders and hips, but seldom with findings in peripheral or intermediate joints. The painful stiffness in the shoulders, hips and thighs is worse in the early morning. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate over 50mm in 1 hour is usual, and there is a rapid and dramatic response to small doses of corticosteroids (around 10mg prednisolone daily). Arteritic and axial arthritic features have been noted by different authors in different ratios, the disorder gradually abating naturally over periods varying from several months to 7 to 10 years. Deaths, when they occur in this elderly group of patients, have usually been unrelated to the disease or its treatment, but osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures are not uncommon. Partial or complete blindness may occur in patients with either giant cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica, often appearing rapidly after cessation of corticosteroid therapy or rapid reduction of dosage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Polymyalgia rheumatica. Its correct diagnosis and treatment. 355 98

Giant-cell or temporal arteritis is a generalized vasculitis that predominantly affects large- and medium-sized arteries in people over 50 years of age. The illness is commonly characterized by the initial symptoms of headache, temporal artery tenderness or pulselessness, musculoskeletal pain, fever, and fatigue. The most dreaded consequence of giant-cell arteritis is visual loss, which is usually irreversible on presentation. Giant-cell arteritis may present with unusual clinical manifestations such as lip, scalp, and tongue necrosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, claudication of the limbs, strokes, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hematuria, cough, or other CNS symptoms. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Emergency physicians are usually familiar with the more common clinical symptoms but one must consider the unusual manifestations of the disease, because early recognition and initiation of therapy (steroids) decrease morbidity and can prevent blindness.
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PMID:Giant-cell arteritis. 379 80

Giant-cell arteritis is a polysymptomatic disease of the elderly. Systemic symptomatology includes headaches, arthralgias, myalgias, tender temporal arteries, jaw claudication, low-grade fever, anemia, anorexia, malaise, and weight loss. Visual loss from anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and diplopia resulting from ischemia of the ocular muscles represents the major ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis. When the diagnosis is suspected, blood for a sedimentation rate should be drawn, and, if it confirms the clinical impression, high dose prednisone should be started immediately and a temporal artery biopsy performed at a later date. Only by asking the proper questions and suspecting the diagnosis will this preventable form of blindness receive the prompt attention it deserves.
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PMID:Giant-cell arteritis. Signs and symptoms. 715 21

Giant cell (temporal, cranial) arteritis (GCA) is usually confirmed in patients presenting with classic features. Those who present with atypical features often undergo prolonged evaluations until a diagnosis is established. Severe anemia as an initial manifestation of GCA has rarely been described. We describe herein 2 patients with biopsy-proven GCA who presented with severe anemia and significant weight loss, which corrected after corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:Severe anemia as the presenting manifestation of giant cell arteritis. 788 Jan 98

The aim of this investigation was to correlate the clinical and histological findings in 85 consecutive patients with temporal arteritis. Particular attention was given to a possible correlation between optic nerve involvement and the presence of giant cells upon histological examination. Severe ischemia as in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and central retinal arterial occlusion was presented in 37 patients (43%). Giant cells were definitely observed in 32 biopsy specimens (37.6%) and suspected in 11 additional specimens (13%): In 42 specimens (49.3%) no giant cells were present. Our study showed no correlation between the occurrence of severe optic nerve involvement and the histological findings with regard to giant cells. Statistical evaluation also failed to show a significant correlation between the frequency of pain and jaw claudication and the respective histological findings regarding giant cells. In the biopsy specimen of one patient, numerous eosinophilic granulocytes had infiltrated the vessel wall.
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PMID:Temporal arteritis. Comparison of histological and clinical findings. 797 62

One case of giant-cell arteritis involving the female genital tract of a post-menopausal woman is reported. The patient was a 75 year-old female, who presented anemia, fatigue, weight loss and a palpable abdominal mass. A hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy proved multiple uterine leiomyomas. The uterus, ovaries and tubes unexpectedly revealed extensive giant-cell arteritis of small and medium sized vessels. Giant-cell arteritis of the female genital tract is a rare finding that may occur as an isolated form or as part of generalized giant cell arteritis.
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PMID:[Giant-cell arteritis of the female genital tract]. 825 3

Giant cell vasculitis is an arteritis that predominantly affects medium- and large-sized arteries. Genetic risk factors and clonal expansion of selected CD4+ T cell specificities in the vascular lesions support the model that giant cell arteritis is a T-cell-driven disease. Interferon (IFN)-gamma production in the tissue is intimately associated with the formation of the inflammatory infiltrates. Antigens inducing stimulation of T cells are unknown. To provide indirect evidence for the type and the tissue localization of the antigen, we examined CD4+ T cells in the lesions that secrete IFN-gamma. Temporal artery specimens from patients with giant cell arteritis were analyzed bu two-color immunohistochemistry applying antibodies to T cell markers. IFN-gamma, the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain (CD25) and talin, a cytoskeletal protein that is reorganized in T cells interacting with antigen-presenting cells. Proliferating cells in the lesions were identified through the expression of the Ki-67 nuclear antigen. More than 90% of tissue-infiltrating IFN-gamma-producing cells were CD4+ CD45RO+. They represented a minute subset (2 to 4%) of tissue-infiltrating T cells. IFN-gamma+ T cells aggregated in the adventitial layer of the inflamed artery where they were either diffusely distributed or arranged in clusters. The majority of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells expressed CD25. IFN-gamma+ T cells included a fraction of cells that had reorganized the cytoskeletal protein talin, indicating an interaction of the T cell receptor and an antigen-presenting cell. A subset of IFN-gamma-expressing T cells was undergoing proliferation in the tissue. IFN-gamma-producing T cells in vasculitic lesions of giant cell arteritis express several markers that identify them as T cells that have recently been stimulated through their antigen-specific receptor. These putatively disease-relevant T cells represent only a very minor fraction of tissue-infiltrating cells. Their preferential accumulation in the adventitia is most compatible with the model that they contact the relevant antigen primarily in this particular region of the artery. Their regulatory function appears to extend into the inner media and intima where pathological changes in giant cell arteritis are most pronounced.
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PMID:Interferon-gamma-producing T cells in giant cell vasculitis represent a minority of tissue-infiltrating cells and are located distant from the site of pathology. 866 78


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