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Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty consecutive patients with severe scleritis or episcleritis were admitted as in-patients to the Medical Ophthalmology Unit and assessed for systemic disease. There were seventeen women and thirteen men. The mean age was 53 with a median of 57 (range 23-83). Eighteen of the patients had scleritis: eleven of these had evidence of connective tissue disease and three of them had temporal arteritis. Twelve patients had episcleritis: six of them had a collagen disease and one of them developed temporal arteritis. This high incidence of temporal arteritis in association with scleritis has not been previously reported. It is important to diagnose and treat overt temporal arteritis early with parenteral steroids so that ischaemic papillopathy can be avoided. A higher incidence of collagen diseases than previously described is reported in episcleritis. It is thought that this is secondary to selection since patients with the usual self-limiting episcleritis are not normally referred for further in-patient investigation. In no patient was more than one significant diagnosis made. There was no significant medical illness in only 11% of patients with scleritis and 33% of patients with episcleritis. The majority of the non-collagen diseases (e.g. hypertension) were not previously recognized. In none of the patients with temporal arteritis was the diagnosis made before admission. It is concluded that full examination and investigation for underlying disease is indicated in both scleritis and severe episcleritis.
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PMID:Scleritis and temporal arteritis. 101 96

Sensorineural deafness is rarely associated with both ulcerative colitis and giant cell arteritis. A patient is described in whom acute sensorineural deafness occurred in association with episcleritis, ulcerative colitis and clinical features suggesting giant cell arteritis.
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PMID:Ulcerative colitis and giant cell arteritis associated with sensorineural deafness. 202 52

Giant cell arteritis is a rare systemic vasculitis affecting large- and medium-sized arteries. Focal arteries lesions, include mononuclear cells infiltration of the vessel wall with giant cell formation. It is a disease of elderly persons and can result in a wide variety of systemic, neurological and ophthalmic complications, due to ischemia. The incidence of visual loss and ocular involvement varies between 14-88%, but one of the most common and severe complications is anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The other ocular ischemic lesions include: central retinal artery occlusion, choroidal ischemia, diplopia, ocular motor paresis, anterior uveitis, cataract, ocular hypotony, corneal oedema and ulcerations, episcleritis and anterior scleritis, orbital cellulitis and pseudotumor. Because giant cell arteritis is potentially blinding disease, early diagnosis and immediate treatment with high dose corticosteroids may prevent further damage to the affected eye and prevent visual loss in the opposite eye. The purpose of this review is to revise established knowledge and to highlight the recent developments in diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis.
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PMID:[A new approach towards giant cell arteritis]. 1702 3

A visual impairment occurs in about 50% of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), an amaurosis fugax (AF) in about 30%, and diplopia in about 10%. An arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was found in about 80%-90% of patients with visual loss and an arteritic central retinal artery occlusion in about 10%-20%. Without therapy, involvement of the fellow eye may occur within hours or days in a patient with unilateral blindness. Involvement of the anterior segment of the eye (iris ischemia, episcleritis) is rare. Ocular ischemic syndrome is defined by visual loss with hypotony, ischemia of the iris, and cotton wool spots (CWS). CWS may already occur with AF episodes. In the case of strong suspicion of GCA, immediate therapy with steroids is indicated. Duplex sonography and a gadolinium MRI examination are of diagnostic importance. A biopsy of the temporal artery may be carried out after the initiation of therapy.
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PMID:[Ocular findings and differential diagnoses in giant cell arteritis (Arteriitis cranialis)]. 1922 26