Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0039483 (giant cell arteritis)
 3,204 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fusion-generating phage lambda plac Mu1 was used to produce fusions of lacZ to fhuA, the gene encoding the ferrichrome-iron receptor (FhuA protein) in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K-12. Fusions to the fhuA gene in a delta (lac) strain were selected by their resistance to bacteriophage phi 80 vir. Ten independent (fhuA'-'lacZ) fusions were all Lac+ and were resistant to the lethal agents which require the FhuA protein as receptor, i.e., phi 80 vir, T5, T1, UC-1, and colicin M; none could utilize ferrichrome as the sole iron source. Specialized transducing phages were obtained by illegitimate excision from the chromosome of each of the fusion-bearing strains, and EcoRI fragments which encoded the fusions were subcloned into the high-copy plasmid pMLB524. Physical mapping of the fusion-containing plasmids confirmed the presence of three restriction sites which were also located on the chromosomal DNA of sequences near the fhuA gene. The direction of transcription of the fhuA gene was deduced from the direction of transcription of the (fhuA'-'lacZ) gene fusion. Identification of the chimeric proteins was made by both radiolabeling cells and immunoprecipitating the LacZ-containing proteins with antibody to beta-galactosidase and by preparing whole cell extracts from Lac+ cells containing the cloned gene fusions. Two sizes of (FhuA'-'LacZ) proteins were detected, 121 kDa and 124 kDa. The DNA sequences at the unique fusion joints were determined. The sequence information allowed us to identify three distinct fusion joints which were grouped as follows, type I fusions, 5'-ACT GCT CAG CCA A-3'; type IIa fusions, 5'-GCG GTT GAA CCG A-3'; and type IIb fusions: 5'-ACC GCT GCA CCT G-3'. To orient these fhuA fusion joints, the complete nucleotide sequence of the fhuA gene was determined from a 2,902-base-pair fragment of DNA. A single open reading frame was found which translated into a 747-amino acid polypeptide. The signal sequence of 33 amino acids was followed by a mature protein with a molecular weight of 78,992. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the FhuA protein with the amino acid sequences presented for two other tonB-dependent receptor proteins in the outer membrane of E. coli showed an area of local homology at the amino terminus of all three proteins.
 ...
PMID:Protein fusions of beta-galactosidase to the ferrichrome-iron receptor of Escherichia coli K-12. 307 47

Three Japanese patients showed very low butyrylcholinesterase activity in their sera and appeared to be homozygous for silent genes for butyrylcholinesterase. From DNA analysis, all three patients were compound heterozygotes: GGA(Gly) to CGA(Arg) at codon 365 (G365R) and TTC(Phe) to TCC(Ser) at codon 418 (F418S) in patient 1, G365R and CGT(Arg) to TGT(Cys) at codon 515 (R515C) in patient 2 and ACT(Thr) to CCT(Pro) at codon 250 (T250P) and AGA(Arg) to TGA(Stop) at codon 465 (R465X) in patient 3. The K-variant, GCA(Ala) to ACA(Thr) at codon 539, was also found in patients 1 and 2. Simple identification methods for all the mutations were developed and applied to family analysis and control individuals. The mutant alleles (with silent gene and K-variant) were segregated as predicted by theory in pedigrees of patients 1 and 2. Four of the mutations, F418S, R515C, T250P and R465X, were initially discovered in Japan and genetic heterogeneity among the human population for the butyrylcholinesterase gene was suggested.
 ...
PMID:Genetic basis of the silent phenotype of serum butyrylcholinesterase in three compound heterozygotes. 763 91

PCR was made with ctx2 (CGG GCA GAT TCT AGA CCT CCT G) y ctx3 (CGA TGA TCT TGG AGC ATT CCC AC) primers for subunit A of cholera toxin, 30 cycles of temperature on samples of 50 g of oysters added in 450 ml of peptone alcaline water that were inoculated with 15 x 10(6), 0.75 x 10(6) and 0.15 x 10(6) CFU/ml of toxigenic 6707 V. cholerae O1 reference strain. The samples were tested by three microbiological methods: INDRE's method uses 1 x 10(-1) dilution of sample, two fold pass to peptone alcaline water pH 9 incubated 18 h and 6 h at 37 degrees C, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) method uses 10(-1) to 10(-6) dilutions of sample, 6 h incubation and reincubation for 18 h at 37 and 42 degrees C and the Mexican laboratories (LMD) with 10(-4) to 10(-3) dilutions, the samples were incubated for 6 h and then reincubated for 18 h at two temperatures 37 and 42 degrees C. The PCR by INDRE's method was positive with 3 x 10(2) CFU/ml/g oyster. In the FDA's method the PCR detected DNA in 10(-4) dilution with 3 x 10(1) CFU/ml/g oyster and in LMD's method the PCR was positive in 10(-3) with 3 CFU/ml/g oyster. The results of the PCR were obtained between 5-6 h, and later V. cholerae O1 was isolated by three microbiological methods. The PCR reproducibility was better on DNA sample diluted 1:4 and 10 microliters of sample increased from 1:1000 to 1:10000 the sensitivity of PCR.
 ...
PMID:[Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in oysters]. 770 Nov 40

A 6.4-kb DNA fragment containing the DNA gyrase gyrA and gyrB genes was cloned and sequenced from the quinolone-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus type strain ATCC 12600. An expression plasmid was constructed by inserting the cloned genes into the Escherichia coli-S. aureus shuttle vector pAT19, and deletion plasmids carrying only functional gyrA and gyrB genes were derived from this plasmid. An efficient transformation system for S. aureus RN4220 was established by using these plasmids. Quinolone-resistant mutants of S. aureus RN4220 were isolated by three-step selection with quinolones. The first- and second-step mutants were considered to be transport mutants, and the third-step mutants were divided into five groups with respect to their resistance patterns and transformation results with gyrA and gyrB genes. Sequencing analysis of the resulting mutant gyrase genes showed that they had the following point mutations: group 1, Ser-84 (TCA) to Leu (TTA) in GyrA; group 2, Ser-84 (TCA) to Ala (GCA), Ser-85 (TCT) to Pro (CCT), or Glu-88 (GAA) to Lys (AAA) in GyrA; group 3, Asp-437 (GAC) to Asn (AAC) in GyrB; group 4, Arg-458 (CGA) to Gln (CAA) in GyrB; and group 5, Ser-85 (TCT) to Pro (CCT) in GyrA and Asp-437 (GAC) to Asn (AAC) in GyrB. When the gyrA and/or gyrB mutants were transformed with the wild-type gyrA and/or gyrB plasmids, they became quinolone susceptible, but transformants with the plasmids having the same mutations on the gyrA and/or gyrB genes did not confer susceptibility. These results indicate that mutations in both gyrA and gyrB can be responsible for quinolone resistance in S. aureus.
 ...
PMID:Quinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase gyrA and gyrB genes of Staphylococcus aureus. 781 Oct 12

A random population was screened for abnormal dibucaine and fluoride numbers (DN & FN) to find some common mutations in butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) gene. Of 2375 unrelated individuals, 10 were found to have low DN and FN and were selected for further studies. DNA analysis of these hypocholinesterasemics revealed that seven patients were heterozygous for missense mutation at codon 330 (TTA to ATA; BCHE*330I). The frequency of BCHE*330I mutation was calculated to be at least 0.29% among the Japanese. On the other hand, two novel mutations were found in three families and two individuals including probands whose enzyme activity was very low (silent gene). Polymerase chain reaction and single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used for identification of the common and known mutation types such as BCHE*250P (ACT to CCT), BCHE*365R (GGA to CGA), and BCHE*539T (GCA to ACA; K-polymorphism), whereas PCR-SSCP was used in combination with direct DNA sequencing for new mutations like BCHE*446V (TTT to GTT) and BCHE*451X (GAA to TAA).
 ...
PMID:Butyrylcholinesterase genes in individuals with abnormal inhibition numbers and with trace activity: one common mutation and two novel silent genes. 954 5

Little is known about the presence of common medical pathogens in the human oral cavity. Using a 16S rRNA-based PCR identification method, this study determined the occurrence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in subgingival plaque from 50 adults with advanced periodontitis. Each patient contributed samples from 3 deep periodontal pockets collected by paper points. The PCR primers were for P. asaccharolytica 5'-CTC TAG CTA GAG TGT ACT GG-3' and 5'-ATA GGG TTT ATA GAT TAG CTC TCT-3', for B. fragilis 5'-AAT GAT TCC GCA TGG TTT CAT TA-3' and 5'-GCG GTG ATT GCT CAC TGA CA-3', and for C. pneumoniae 5'- TGA CAA CTG TAG AAA TAC AGC-3' and 5'-CGC CTC TCT CCT ATA AAT-3'. The primers yielded a single amplicon with the respective reference strains and produced no amplicon with colonies of 25 groups of oral organisms. None of the three test species were detected in any of the 50 pooled subgingival samples tested. P. asaccharyolytica, B. fragilis and C. pneumoniae do not seem to be part of the periodontopathic microbiota in humans.
 ...
PMID:Absence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in human subgingival plaque. 957 14

In this study, we examined whether levels of P4501A mRNA expression were naturally induced in feral fish, Liza saliens, and whether CYP1A protein levels and associated enzyme activity, EROD, were also increased. Induction of mRNA was measured using a nucleic acid hybridization technique. For the hybridization studies, a new 33-mer oligonucleotide probe 5'-dCTC ATC CAG CTT CCT GTC CTC GCA GTG ATC AAT-3' was designed, which corresponded to the totally conserved amino acid motif of CYP1A protein from positions 291 to 301 among the various fish species. Results of Northern blot analysis revealed that RNA isolated from the liver of mullet collected from the highly contaminated region of Izmir Bay with a dissolved and dispersed petroleum hydrocarbon content of 12.45 microg l(-1) gave a strong hybridization signal, whereas only a weak hybridization signal was detected in the liver RNA of fish caught from the reference site containing less than 1 microg l(-1) of petroleum hydrocarbons. Similarly, fish from the contaminated site had approximately 80 times more EROD activity than the feral fish captured from the reference site. Studies using polyclonal antibodies produced against purified mullet CYP1A also showed the similar trend. In conclusion, feral leaping mullet caught from contaminated water displayed induction of CYP1A at three levels of expression, namely, mRNA, apoprotein and catalytic activity.
 ...
PMID:Induced CYP1A mRNA, protein and catalytic activity in the liver of feral fish, leaping mullet, Liza saliens. 1123 41

Length differences among trinucleotide-based microsatellite alleles can be more easily detected and frequently produce fewer "stutter bands" as compared to dinucleotide-based microsatellite markers. Our objective was to determine which trinucleotide motif(s) would be the most-polymorphic and abundant source of trinucleotide microsatellite markers in wheat ( Triticum aestivumL.). Four genomic libraries of cultivar 'Chinese Spring' were screened with nine trinucleotide probes. Based on the screening of 28550 clones, the occurrences of (CTT/GAA) (n), (GGA/CCT) (n), (TAA/ATT) (n), (CAA/GTT) (n), (GGT/CCA) (n), (CAT/GTA) (n), (CGA/GCT) (n), (CTA/GAT) (n), and (CGT/GCA) (n) repeats were estimated to be 5.4x10(4), 3.5x10(4), 3.2x10(4), 1.2x10(4), 6.3x10(3), 4.9x10(3), 4.5x10(3), 4.5x10(3) and 3.6x10(3), i.e., once every 293 kbp, 456 kbp, 500 kbp, 1.3 Mbp, 2.6 Mbp, 3.2 Mbp, 3.6 Mbp, 3.6 Mbp and 4.5 Mbp in the wheat genome, respectively. Of 236 clones selected for sequencing, 38 (93%) (TAA/ATT) (n), 30 (43%) (CTT/GAA) (n), 16 (59%) (CAA/GTT) (n), 3 (27%) (CAT/GTA) (n) and 2 (4%) (GGA/CCT) (n) clones contained microsatellites with eight or more perfect repeats. From these data, 29, 27 and 16 PCR primer sets were designed and tested to the (TAA/ATT) (n), (CTT/GAA) (n) and (CAA/GTT) (n) microsatellites, respectively. A total of 12 (41.4%) primers designed to (TAA/ATT) (n), four (14.8%) to (CTT/GAA) (n), and two (12.5%) to (CAA/GTT) (n) resulted in polymorphic markers. The results indicated that (TAA/ATT) (n) microsatellites would provide the most-abundant and the most-polymorphic source of trinucleotide microsatellite markers in wheat.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of trinucleotide SSR motifs in wheat. 1258 99

We report the first mutational study of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) performed in human solid tumors. We sequenced cDNAs representing the complete coding region of TK1 in human breast (n=22) and colorectal (n=26) cancer. Codon 106 near the ATP binding site constantly differed (ATG --> GTG; Met --> Val) from the one deposited by Bradshaw and Deininger in the Genbank database (Accession number NM_003258). Silent polymorphisms at codon 11 (CCC --> CCT; Pro --> Pro) and codon 75 (GCG --> GCA; Ala --> Ala) were frequently detected in tumors as well as in normal tissues. In breast cancer the two polymorphisms were observed in 63.6% of the samples analyzed. No significant association could be found between polymorphisms and TK activity. In colorectal cancer the incidence of the two changes was 73.1% and 69.2%, respectively. Interestingly, one colon cancer with high cytosolic TK activity displayed two missense mutations located in and near the putative phosphorylation site by tyrosine kinase (s) (TAT --> CAT; Tyr --> His) and by cAMP-, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (TAC --> TGC; Tyr --> Cys), respectively; adjacent normal mucosa showed no mutation. This may open new avenues that imply TK1 activity in tumor cell proliferation.
 ...
PMID:Mutation analysis in the coding sequence of thymidine kinase 1 in breast and colorectal cancer. 1269 56

The dopamine transporter (DAT) terminates dopaminergic neurotransmission via reuptake of released dopamine into presynaptic neurons. We have cloned 2.5 kb of the regulatory region upstream of human DAT (hDAT) and constructed a series of deletion mutants to test promoter activity. A comparison of promoter activity between non-neural and neuronal cell lines reveals an interesting difference in pattern. In the PC12 cell line, activity of the proximal promoter is strongly silenced by one or more unidentified elements spanning positions -395 to -2465 of the hDAT gene. Our studies focus on identifying and characterizing the activating factor for hDAT transcription in the sequence between -2511 and -2492 (5(')-CTA CCT GCA CAG TTC ACG GA-3('), termed HY1). In this investigation, we cloned the zinc finger protein 161 (ZFP161) gene as a HY1-binding factor, using the yeast one-hybrid screen. Recombinant ZFP161 was produced to evaluate the DNA-binding properties of the protein. The ability of ZFP161 to directly bind HY1 was examined in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RT-PCR analyses revealed that transfection of ZFP161 induced hDAT mRNA expression in HEK293 cells. We additionally confirmed the expression and localization of the DAT protein, using a specific antibody. Both the HY1 sequence and the downstream region were necessary for activation of the hDAT promoter by ZFP161. This finding suggests that the site of cofactor interaction with ZFP161 may exist downstream of HY1.
 ...
PMID:Human zinc finger protein 161, a novel transcriptional activator of the dopamine transporter. 1470 37


1 2 Next >>