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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine patients with dissections of the cervical arteries are presented. Dissections cause approximately three per cent of non-haemorrhagic stroke and are usually observed in young and middle-aged patients. Dissections very often give rise to head or neck pain. Carotid artery dissection may lead to lower cranial nerve dysfunction and an incomplete Horner's syndrome in case of subadventitial dissection, and to cerebral ischaemia in case of subintimal spread. Vertebral artery dissection may cause brain stem ischaemia (subintimal dissection) or in rare cases a subarachnoid haemorrhage (subadventitial spread). The history frequently reveals a (trivial) traumatic event. Diagnosis is usually established by angiography or MRI. The prognosis is good and recurrences are rare. Treatment with anticoagulants or acetylsalicylic acid seems recommendable, though scientifically unproven.
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PMID:[Dissection of cervical arteries as a cause of cerebral ischemia or cranial nerve dysfunction]. 221 57

It has been reported that most of pure motor monoparesis were induced by the superficial mass lesions in the cerebral hemisphere. However, pure motor monoparesis due to lacune is rare. We reported a 81 year-old woman of pure motor monoparesis caused by the lacunar infarction in the parasagittal subcortical white matter. That lesion could not be detected by CT scan performed at onset, and 18 days later after the stroke, but was detected by MRI performed 5 days after the onset. The coronal section of MRI showed the stick-like shaped small infarction in the white matter, which runs along the corticospinal tract, just under the precentral gyrus. The coronal section of MRI is useful for the demonstration of the anatomical localization of lacune.
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PMID:[Lacune in the white matter revealed by MRI in a case of pure motor monoparesis]. 225 29

To evaluate the efficacy of tests for selecting patients with hemodynamic compromise, measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) with 99mTc-RBC single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in thirteen patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease, and was compared with results obtained by 133Xe SPECT and acetazolamide (Diamox) test. All patients in our study suffered TIA, RIND, or minor complete stroke. Cerebral angiography demonstrated severe stenosis or occlusion in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery, although plain CT scan or MRI revealed no or, if any, only localized infarcted lesions. Regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was measured with 99mTc-RBC SPECT and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with 133Xe SPECT before and after intravenous injection of 10 - 12 mg/kg acetazolamide (Diamox). Our results suggest that the ipsilateral rCBV/rCBF (mean transit time) is a more sensitive index of the cerebral perfusion reserve than the use of only rCBV or rCBF of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Also, the ipsilateral rCBV/rCBF is significantly correlated (r = -0.72) with the Diamox reactivity of rCBF, which is considered to represent the cerebral vasodilatory capacity in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Postoperative SPECT study revealed remarkable improvement of ipsilateral rCBV/rCBF and Diamox reactivity in four patients who underwent EC/IC bypass surgery to improve the hemodynamic compromise. In conclusion, our results suggest that the measurement of rCBV/rCBF with 133Xe SPECT and 99mTc-RBC SPECT is useful for detecting the hemodynamic compromise in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of hemodynamic compromise in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia; measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) with 99mTc-RBC SPECT]. 235 76

A 47 year-old man developed rapid visual loss, visual field defects and memory disturbances after radiotherapy with conventional doses for a pituitary metastasis from a renal carcinoma. CT and MRI did not show recurrent tumour, pituitary apoplexy or empty sella. Eventually, T2-weighted MRI images showed abnormal high signals in the optic chiasm, the left mesial temporal lobe and the right inferior frontal lobe, supporting the diagnosis of delayed radionecrosis. The role of chemotherapy associated with radiotherapy is discussed.
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PMID:[Chiasmal radionecrosis after irradiation of the sella turcica using a conventional dosage. Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging]. 240 30

The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroanatomic correlations of the late waves (VI-VIII) of the BAEP. Patients (N = 55) with clinical evidence of a CVA were compared to a normal control group (N = 85). Latencies of greater than 3 S.D. from the means of the normal group were considered abnormal. CT and MRI scans provided evidence of the lesions. For the 14 patients who had normal BAEPs, the sizes of lesions were significantly smaller than for those with abnormal tests. Evidence shows that an abnormal wave VI was related to an ipsilateral cortical lesion and an abnormal wave VIII was related to a lesion in the internal capsule-corpus striatum.
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PMID:Neuroanatomic correlations with the late waves of the brain-stem auditory evoked potential. 245 88

Thirty three cases of pituitary adenoma were examined by MRI with 0.15 T system. Eight cases of functioning tumor showed iso-minimally low intensity, and 10 cases of non-functioning tumor did slightly-markedly low intensity on IR image. Functioning tumor cells contain well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and numerous secretary granule, so that bound water more increases and T 1 relaxation time less prolongs in functioning tumor than in non-functioning tumor. Two cases of functioning tumor disclosed slightly low intensity on IR image because of its poor stroma. It is necessary to know the exact bleeding time so as to measure the signal intensity in pituitary apoplexy case. Microadenoma appeared spotty hypointensity and upward convexity of superior surface of the gland on IR image.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance image of pituitary adenoma--comparison of functioning tumor and non-functioning tumor]. 250 33

A 69-year-old female was treated for hyperthyroidism and hypertension. In August 1984, she suddenly began suffering from polyuria and polydipsia. In October, she exhibited fever, headache, vertigo, and poor appetite, probably due to pituitary apoplexy. Her endocrine function was normal, except for partial diabetes insipidus. A contrast-enhanced CT brain scan revealed a pituitary adenoma with a ring-enhanced outer edge and a central low-density area. The MRI scan also indicated cystic adenoma. A CT scan examination repeated 6 months later showed an empty sella with a markedly decreased pituitary adenoma. This case report demonstrates that some empty sella are the final result of pituitary adenoma bleeding or infarction.
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PMID:Pituitary adenoma results in the empty sella syndrome. 258 92

Silent stroke showed a yearly increase in our clinic with the advance of neuroimaging. Of the recent 33 cases of cerebrovascular disease, asymptomatic cerebral infarcts unrelated to the presenting stroke were detected in 20 cases (61%) by CT and in 28 (85%) by MRI, respectively. MRI also revealed asymptomatic hemorrhage in 7 (21%) and white matter lesions in 27 (82%). The clinical significance of silent stroke was discussed.
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PMID:[Silent stroke and advance in neuroimaging]. 261 70

MRI is becoming the imaging modality of choice in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease although CT is still the test of choice to exclude acute hemorrhagic stroke. We have briefly reviewed characteristic features of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease as well as vascular anomalies as seen on MRI. In time MRS should provide useful noninvasive metabolic data to complement the anatomical data in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Stroke 1989 Sep
PMID:Magnetic resonance and clinical cerebrovascular disease. An update. 267 30

In younger patients, the clinical symptoms of sudden unilateral headache and facial pain, often combined with Horner syndrome and the cerebrovascular symptoms of TIAs or stroke, should indicate the diagnosis of spontaneous carotid dissection. Angiographic findings can verify this diagnosis, showing various signs of eccentric, narrowing stenosis, false lumen, pseudoaneurysms, or complete occlusion. An addition to noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography, B-mode and Duplex investigations, although more or less nonspecific, give some indications of the diagnosis; modern imaging techniques, especially MRI, can image the intramural hematoma directly. As the hematoma is the source of the intracranial emboli, the therapy of choice in this rarely diagnosed disease should be anticoagulation.
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PMID:[Carotid dissections]. 267 40


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