Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presentation contains the result of a rheoencephalographic study of 67 sons and daughters of the patients with ischemic stroke of a hemispheric localization. Some rheoencephalographic signs testifying to the presence of a cerebro-vascular deficiency in the relatives of the probands were depicted. The use of nitroglycerin sample permitted to reveal in practically healthy relatives certain REG changes which exceeded the normal limits. These shifts were mainly observed in the elder age group of the investigated individuals (above 40 years). The obtained data can promote detection of those individuals who are predisposed to atherosclerosis and hypertensive disease, and to conduct medico-prophylactic measures in due time.
 ...
PMID:[A rheoencephalographic study of the relatives of patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. 81 61

Cavinton was used for 10 years in 967 patients with different cerebrovascular diseases. The highest effect was seen in patients with early forms and primarily chronic forms: vegetovascular (neurocirculatory) dystonia, initial manifestations of brain blood supply insufficiency, circulatory encephalopathy in the first and second stages. Improvement of the subjective status and a decrease of the intensity of vestibulocerebellar disorders were recorded by the end of the treatment in 75-85% of such patients. In ischemic brain stroke, regress of general cerebral and focal symptoms was more rapid and significant in the adequate reaction type of cerebral hemodynamics to cavinton administration (a rise of pulse blood content of the brain and a reduction of the vascular tone according to the REG data) and was less noticeable in the hypertonic and, in particular, in the hypotonic type. Cavinton should not be used in severe general cerebral hypertensive crises, as well as in elderly or senile patients with acute cardio-cerebral or cerebro-cardiac syndrome, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, marked disorders of heart rhythm.
 ...
PMID:[10-year experience with using Cavinton in cerebrovascular disorders]. 131 51

A complex examination (clinical picture, EEG, REG, EchoEG, CT, angiography) of 27 patients with ischemic stroke showing a tumour-like course allowed to single out three variations of stroke course: with a stormy development of the disease due to the hypertensive syndrome; with a remittent course; with epileptic seizures and absence in the postseizure period. The character and frequency of the above variants of the onset and further clinical course of cerebrovascular insufficiency will favour early diagnosis and efficient treatment of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[The clinical characteristics of a cerebral ischemic stroke with a tumor-like course]. 144 17

A study is presented of 89 inpatients with cerebral stroke. Lipid peroxidation was determined during the first days of the diseases (1-7 days). The state of the patients was evaluated by the clinical picture, manifestation of neurological symptoms, biochemical indices of the blood, coagulogram, ECG, REG, state of lipid peroxidation. The obtained data suggest a major role played by lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes, its elevation in of the activity in stroke. The concentration of lipid peroxidation depends on the severity of the condition and, thus, it may be used for evaluation of treatment efficacy and prognosis of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[The characteristics of lipid peroxidation in patients with an acute disorder of the cerebral circulation]. 145 42

Analysis is made of a complex of clinicoelectrophysiologic, biochemical and biophysical studies conducted in 220 patients with brain stroke, receiving a course of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) at minor differential pressure (1.2-1.3 absolute atmospheres). It is shown that HBO can be applied as pathogenetic therapy in patients afflicted with brain stroke. It produces a marked clinical effect and normalizes EEG, REG and acid-alkaline balance, brings about a decrease of initially high lipid peroxidation (LPO), activating antioxidative processes and superoxide dismutase. However, such an effect is only produced by the first HBO sessions at minor differential pressure, which is likely to be due to the substitution action of hyperoxia and activation of antioxidative processes. The studies thus made validate the efficacy of short-term sessions of HBO in patients with brain stroke and the possibility of hyperoxia over-dosage in patients with disturbed antioxidant defence.
 ...
PMID:[Mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in minor differential pressure in stroke]. 215 24

A comprehensive clinico-polygraphic study (EEG, ECG, REG, sphygmography of the temporal arteries, phlebography of the jugular veins) of 60 patients with ischemic stroke before, during and after hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of action of HBO in ischemic stroke and to develop the most effective schedules of HBO. Acid-base balance was determined in all patients. The authors elucidated that the effect of HBO on the functional status of the vessels of the intact and impaired hemisphere in hemispherical ischemic stroke was phasic and nonunitary. The authors describe the most effective schedules of HBO and the optimum duration of the therapeutic course. The pathogenetic orientation of the suggested schedules of HBO in ischemic cerebral stroke was shown. The basis of the therapeutic effect of HBO is the liquidation of metabolic acidosis in the ischemic focus in the brain and normalization of the functional status of the cerebral vessels and brain.
 ...
PMID:[Mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygenation in ischemic stroke]. 377 11

A mode is proposed of treatment of chronic cerebrovascular disorders, such as initial manifestations of cerebral blood supply insufficiency (IMBSI) and dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE) stage I-II in hypertensive disease, involving the use of laser puncture and microclimate of biotron. All patients (n = 162) were exposed to laser puncture (10-12 procedures). Laser puncture treatments were devised according to classical approaches of reflexotherapy, using determinants of electropuncture diagnostic method by Riodoraku. The treatments were carried out with the aid of infrared portable laser "Biomed-001". IMBSI patients presenting with vegetovascular dystonia and about 70% of IMBSI patients presenting with hypertensive disease derived benefit from a course of laser puncture, as evidenced by REG, EEG, acupuncture diagnosis, iridodiagnosis according. In DE stage I-II patients and about 30% IMBSI patients presenting with hypertensive disease good therapeutic effect occurred after treatment in a ward with a stable microclimate of biotron. The proposed method can be used for treating chronic cerebrovascular disorders and administering stroke prophylaxis.
 ...
PMID:[The treatment of patients with chronic cerebral circulatory failure by using laser puncture and the microclimate of the biotron]. 907 33

Empagliflozin is an oral sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that reduces hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by decreasing renal glucose reabsorption and promoting urinary glucose excretion. In clinical trials, empagliflozin demonstrated significant improvements in glycemic control, as monotherapy and in combination regimens. In addition, empagliflozin was associated with weight loss and moderate reductions in blood pressure. In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study, empagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of the composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke. Across the trials in general, empagliflozin was well tolerated, with no increased risk of hypoglycemia except when used with an insulin secretagogue or insulin. An increased risk of genital infections and urinary tract infections has been reported, although the association is less clear for urinary tract infections. Overall, empagliflozin appears to be a promising treatment for T2DM.
...
PMID:Empagliflozin: a new treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2648 32

The recently completed EMPA-REG study showed that empagliflozin significantly decreased the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) endpoint, which comprised cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, in patients with high-risk type 2 diabetes (T2DM), primarily through a reduction in cardiovascular death, without a significant decrease in either MI or stroke. In the PROactive study, pioglitazone decreased the MACE endpoint by a similar degree to that observed in the EMPA-REG study, through a marked reduction in both recurrent MI and stroke and a modest reduction in cardiovascular death. These observations suggest that pioglitazone might be an ideal agent to combine with empagliflozin to further reduce cardiovascular events in patients with high-risk diabetes as empagliflozin also promotes salt/water loss and would be expected to offset any fluid retention associated with pioglitazone therapy. In the present paper, we provide an overview of the potential benefits of combined pioglitazone/empagliflozin therapy to prevent cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM.
...
PMID:Revitalization of pioglitazone: the optimum agent to be combined with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor. 2691 68

While the modest reduction in the primary composite outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death in the EMPA-REG Outcomes trial was welcome, the 30-40% reductions in heart failure hospitalisation (HFH) and cardiovascular and all-cause deaths in patients treated with empagliflozin were highly impressive and unexpected. In this review, we discuss briefly why cardiovascular endpoint trials for new diabetes agents are required and describe the results of the first four such trials to have reported, as a precursor to understanding why the EMPA-REG Outcomes results came as a surprise. Thereafter, we discuss potential mechanisms that could explain the EMPA-REG Outcomes results, concentrating on non-atherothrombotic effects. We suggest that the main driver of benefit may derive from the specific effects of sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition on renal sodium and glucose handling, leading to both diuresis and improvements in diabetes-related maladaptive renal arteriolar responses. These haemodynamic and renal effects are likely to be beneficial in patients with clinical or subclinical cardiac dysfunction. The net result of these processes, we argue, is an improvement in cardiac systolic and diastolic function and, thereby, a lower risk of HFH and sudden cardiac death. We also discuss whether other drugs in this class are likely to show similar cardiovascular benefits. Finally, areas for future research are suggested to better understand the relevant mechanisms and to identify other groups who may benefit from SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.
 ...
PMID:SGLT2 Inhibition and cardiovascular events: why did EMPA-REG Outcomes surprise and what were the likely mechanisms? 2717 69


1 2 3 4 Next >>