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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of Ca++ and Mg++ infusion on the cardiovascular system were studied in 96 normotensive subjects and 85 hypertensive patients. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The effects of Ca++ infusion on the systolic time intervals were characterized by the shortening of QS2I, PEPI, and ICT, and increase in ET/PEP. The responses of the systemic hemodynamics were elevation of mean blood pressure and increase in cardiac index and stroke index. The heart rate was not altered. (2) These results support that Ca++ has a positive inotropic action and increases the left ventricular performance. (3) The effects of Mg++ infusion on the systolic time intervals were characterized by the prolongation of QS2I, PEPI, and ECT. The responses of systemic hemodynamics were elevation of mean blood pressure and increase in heart rate. The ET/PEP and cardiac index tended to decrease, but these changes were not significant. (4) From these results it is suggested that Mg++ depress myocardial contractility and has a positive chronotropic action. (5) There were no significant differences in the systolic time intervals and hemodynamic responses to the infusion of Ca++ and Mg++ between normotensives and hypertensives.
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PMID:The effects of infusion of calcium and magnesium ions on the cardiovascular system in man. 65 Sep 6

The acute effects of ethanol (ETOH) on cardiac function in 32 normal subjects has been studied utilizing systolic time intervals. Seven (group I) 13 (group II), and 12 subjects (group III), reported an average daily consumption of less than 1 oz, 1-2 oz, and more than 2 oz of ETOH, respectively. Progressively higher control values from group I to group III in PEP, PEPI, ICT and PET/LVET were observed (PEP-I vs PEPI-III: P smaller than 0.05; PEP/LVET-I vs PEP/LVET-II and PEP/LVET-III: P smaller than 0.05). There was progressively less change in these variables following acute ETOH (P smaller than 0.02-0.05 in group I; P equals NS in group III, group II intermediate). This indicates some degree of chronic myocardial impairment in group II and especially in group III, which tends to be proportionate to the degree of chronic ETOH exposure. These data are not necessarily disparate with previous reports of little or even a salutary hemodynamic effect of ETOH in normal subjects. Thus, the relative stability of LVET post ETOH, coupled with the observed increase in heart rate, is consistent with previous reports of ETOH-induced rate-dependent increments in cardiac output with unchanging stroke volumes, in spite of the presence of acute myocardial depression. The observations reported herein demonstrate the probable incremental influence of ETOH consumption in a chain of events which may culminate in alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:The basis for differences in ethanol-induced myocardial depression in normal subjects. 113 3

Left ventricular function and volume data from 17 control subjects and 27 young patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) without overt left or right ventricular failure were compared. ASD patients were subdivided in low shunt (Qp/Qs less than 2.0) and high shunt (Qp/Qs larger than or equal to 2.0) groups. Mean left ventricular (LV) stroke volume was significantly less in ASD patients (46 +/- 16 ml/m2 in the low shunt and 44 +/- 9 ml/m2 in high shunt group) compared with control patients (51 +/- 13 ml/m2, P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively). There was no significant difference in mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) between any group of patients (control subjects 67 +/- 17 ml/m2; low shunt ASD 66 +/- 17 Ml/m2, and high shunt ASD 62 +/- 12 ml/m2). High shunt ASD had a significantly lower cardiac index compared with control patients (5.0 liters/min/m2 vs. 5.9 liters/min/m2, P less than 0.02). Both low shunt and high shunt ASD showed significantly lower stroke work indices than control subjects (42 +/- 13 GmM/m2 and 37 +/- 8 GmM/m2 compared with 51 +/- 14 GmM/M2 , P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001, respectively) but only the high shunt group had a significantly lower peak systolic pressure (94 +/- 12 mm Hg vs. 109 +/- 11 mm Hg for control patients, P less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the control and ASD groups in LV end-diastolic, mean right atrial, right ventricular end-diastolic, and pulmonary pressures. External systolic time intervals were compared in 5 control and 12 ASD patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in absolute values or indices for pre-ejection period, ejection time, or electromechanical systole. However, the ratio of the pre-ejection period index to left ventricular ejection time index (PEPI/LVETI) was significantly higher in ASD patients (P less than 0.05). In young subjects with large shunt ASD, certain indicators of left ventricular function are depressed. Evaluation of PEPI/LVETI may allow noninvasive determination of LV function.
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PMID:Assessment of left ventricular function in secundum atrial septal defect: evaluation by determination of volume, pressure, and external systolic time indices. 119 7

Six healthy males were exposed to 20 mm Hg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) for 8 min followed by 40 mm Hg LBNP for 8 min. Naloxone (0.1 mg.kg-1) was injected intravenously during a 1 h resting period after which the LBNP protocol was repeated. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures (SAP, MAP, DAP), and central venous pressure (CVP) were obtained using indwelling catheters. Cardiac output (CO), forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and electromechanical systole (EMS) were measured non-invasively. Pulse pressure (PP), stroke volume (SV), total peripheral resistance (TPR), forearm vascular resistance (FVR), systolic ejection rate (SER), pre-ejection period (PEP), PEP/LVET and indices for the systolic time intervals (LVETI, EMSI, PEPI) were calculated. During the second LBNP exposure, only two parameters differed from the pre-injection values: DAP at LBNP = 40 mm Hg increased from 60.0 +/- 4.8 mm Hg to 64.8 +/- 4.1 mm Hg (N = 4, p less than 0.02) and LVETI at LBNP = 20 mm Hg increased from 384.4 +/- 5.2 ms to 396.8 +/- 6.2 ms (N = 6, p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human cardiovascular reactions to simulated hypovolaemia, modified by the opiate antagonist naloxone. 339 65

Essential orthostatic hypotony (EOH) seems to present a rarely occurring and not well recognized syndrome. Group of 20 patients (pts) with EOH were treated with midodrine (Gutron, Gu) 5 mg i.v. Non-invasive hemodynamic variables, such as systolic time intervals and their derivates, based on polycardiographic recordings, were analysed. Heart rate and blood pressure measurements during orthostatic test were measured before and after Gu administration. The results of the orthostatic trial were compared to the control group of 20 volunteers. In healthy subjects, up-right position resulted in heart rate (HR) acceleration, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), double and triple product (DP, TP), contraction coefficient (PEP/LVET) and dicrotic coefficient ('d') elevation, prejection period (PEP), electromechanical delay (QS1) and isovolumic contraction time (ICT) prolongation and lastly stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and middle rate of left ventricle ejection time (MRLVET) reduction. Patients with EOH showed a reduction of the degree of tilt-induced changes of the parameters. DBP fell down. After Gu these unfavourable changes were corrected to the values nearer the control group levels in three compensatory mechanisms. After Gu application in EOH-pts were seen: 1) favourable translocation of the resting (supine) values, but with the same reactivity to tilt, as before Gu (HR, TPR); 2) positive influences on orthostatic reaction, but inversely without any changes of resting values (PEPI, ICT, PEP/LVET, DP, DBP) and finally 3) favourable translocation of resting values together with inversed orthostatic reaction (SBP, QS2,TP). We stated clinical valuable efficacy of Gu. Gu influenced mainly the initial state of circulatory hemodynamics in resting and also in a lower degree in orthostatic reaction.
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PMID:Gutron treatment of patients suffering from essential orthostatic hypotony. Part One--Hemodynamic non-invasive investigation. 769 Mar 84