Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An influence of fish oils (rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) in modulating (a) the development of hypertension in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) and (b) vascular neuroeffector mechanisms in the SHRSP was explored. Rats (SHRSP) were placed on a series of diets for a period of 13 weeks from 4 weeks of age. The fatty acid composition of the diets was derived from fish oil, olive oil, safflower oil or beef fat. After 13 weeks, rats fed diets containing fish oil (at a total dietary fat level of either 5% or 15%) had mean blood pressures approximately 20-25 mmHg lower than other SHRSP rats maintained on diets containing either olive oil, safflower oil or beef fat. The dietary schedules providing fish oil depressed the contractile responses mediated by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the mesenteric vascular bed preparation. The results suggest that the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids retard the development of hypertension in the SHRSP rat and modulate the contractile responses of blood vessels mediated by sympathetic nerves in the isolated perfused mesenteric vascular bed preparation.
 ...
PMID:Dietary fish oil administration retards the development of hypertension and influences vascular neuroeffector function in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP). 174 53

In order to investigate the effect of dietary EPA on liver GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in rats, highly concentrated EPA (78% ethyl ester form) was administrated to SHRSP (Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat) that were fed a casein, SPI (soybean protein isolate) or SPI diet with methionine for 4 weeks. The content of liver GSH in rats fed SPI was lower than that of rats fed the casein diet. Although no significant difference of liver GSH-Px was observed in rats after EPA supplement, a decrease of liver GSH-Px activity was found in rats fed the SPI diet when compared with rats fed the casein diet. The changes of liver GSH content and GSH-Px activity in rats fed SPI were found to be associated with methionine supplement. Addition of methionine to the SPI diet resulted in an increase of liver GSH content and GSH-Px activity. In addition, liver lipid peroxide concentration was increased in rats fed the SPI diet after EPA treatment. In contrast, EPA administered rats fed the SPI diet containing methionine showed a lower liver lipid peroxide concentration. These results suggest that methionine may play an important role in regulation of the utilization of EPA in SHRSP when fed a SPI diet.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dietary protein on the peroxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 179 53

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of EPA in rats fed different protein sources. A highly concentrated EPA (78% EPA, ethyl ester form), manufactured from sardine oil was administered to SHRSP (Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat) and WKY (Wistar Kyoto) for 4 weeks. Casein or SPI (soy protein isolate) was used as protein source in the experimental diet. In the experiment concerning casein diet, showing significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, plasma lipids of SHRSP were observed after EPA treatment, but no significant difference was found in SPI diet group. Although there was no significant change in systolic blood pressure of WKY after EPA treatment, a similar effect of EPA on plasma lipids level and platelet aggregation were also observed in WKY. However, supplementing methionine to SPI diet induced the reducing effect of EPA in rats. In addition, higher level ratios of EPA to arachidonic acid were observed in the plasma and platelets of rats fed SPI diet containing methionine supplement when compared with rats fed SPI diet. It was suggested that the amino acid profile was related to the effective utilization of EPA in rats.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid on plasma lipids and platelet function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. 221 Sep 63

The effect of dietary fish oils on development of hypertension and vascular response in vitro were studied in rats and a primate. Dietary fish oils (MaxEPA and an n-3 ethyl ester concentrate of higher EPA and DHA content) were administered to spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-SP) and a backcross of SHR and Wistar Kyoto (SHR/WKY) rats from 4-16 weeks of age. Blood pressure was monitored during the feeding period and vascular responses measured in the aorta and mesenteric vascular bed in vitro. Depending on the strain of rat used and the composition of the fish oil the attenuation in blood pressure was 10-26 mmHg. Fish oils attenuated the response mediated by sympathetic nerve stimulation or intralumenal norepinephrine in the perfused mesenteric vascular bed preparation from the SHR. This attenuation was more pronounced for fish oils enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and was more prominent in the SHR and SHR/WKY backcross than it was in the SHR-SP. Prostanoid synthesis or nitric oxide modulation of alpha-adrenoceptor responses were shown not to be involved in the attenuation of vascular responses produced by fish oil. The maximum contraction of aortic ring preparations in response to norepinephrine (NE) was significantly smaller in SHR than WKY rats fed olive oil and for SHR rats maintained on fish oils the contraction was close to WKY olive oil values. Evidence was obtained also for a modulation of vasoconstrictor responses by dietary fish oils in the perfused mesenteric bed of the marmoset monkey.
 ...
PMID:Fish oils modulate blood pressure and vascular contractility in the rat and vascular contractility in the primate. 767 Jun 52

Dietary fish oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can modulate a diverse range of factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. This study examined the relative roles of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) which are the principal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids regarded as candidates for cardioprotective actions. At low dietary intakes (0.4-1.1% of energy (%en)), docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid inhibited ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias. At intakes of 3.9-10.0%en, docosahexaenoic acid was more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid at retarding hypertension development in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and inhibiting thromboxane-like vasoconstrictor responses in aortas from SHR. In stroke-prone SHR with established hypertension, docosahexaenoic acid (3.9-10.0%en) retarded the development of salt-loading induced proteinuria but eicosapentaenoic acid alone was ineffective. The results demonstrate that purified n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mimic the cardiovascular actions of fish oils and imply that docosahexaenoic acid may be the principal active component conferring cardiovascular protection.
 ...
PMID:The cardiovascular protective role of docosahexaenoic acid. 874 Nov 70

Efforts in Finland to implement the recommended non-pharmacological and pharmacological principles for the control of hypertension, stroke and ischaemic heart disease have been accompanied by an approximately 10 mm Hg fall in the population average of diastolic blood pressure, and about 60% decrease in deaths from both stroke and ischaemic heart disease among 30-59-year-old men and women from 1972 to 1992. Adherence to antihypertensive drug therapy has been quite good. However, the drug treatment does not seem to account for more than 5-6% of the observed fall of blood pressure, and 10-15% of the decrease in deaths from strokes and ischaemic heart disease. There has been no overall adherence to several non-pharmacological recommendations, and marked increases in the intake of alcohol, obesity among men, and smoking among women have been observed. However, the population adherence to recommendations to decrease the intakes of sodium and saturated fats, and to reduce the sodium-to-potassium ratio and the saturated-to-unsaturated fat ratio, has been good. These dietary changes appear to account for a major part of the fall of blood pressure and the decrease in the cardiovascular diseases. Currently a rapid further population-wide decrease in the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio is taking place, due to a decrease in the use of salt and replacement of common salt by a novel sodium-reduced, potassium-, magnesium-, and l-lysine HCI-enriched salt, both in home kitchens and in the food industry.
 ...
PMID:Adherence to and population impact of non-pharmacological and pharmacological antihypertensive therapy. 896 92

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethyl eicosopentate (EPA-E) on local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) and local glucose utilization (1-CGU) in specific regions of the brain in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). EPA-E (100 mg/kg body weight) or saline was orally administered to 8-week-old SHRSP. L-CBF and 1-CGU in the EPA-E-treated, saline-treated, and 8-week-old control rats were measured autoradiographically using 14C-iodoantipyrine and 14C-deoxyglucose (Sakurada's and Sokoloff's methods). The 1-CBF of the saline-treated group decreased significantly with age in all areas measured. EPA-E treatment alleviated the age-dependent decrease in 1-CBF in all areas, especially those in the basal ganglia. The 1-CGU of the saline-treated group did not change with age, however EPA-E treatment increased 1-CGU in all areas measured, though the changes were not significant. EPA-E ameliorated the decrease in cerebral blood flow and improved glucose metabolism in SHRSP suffering from severe hypertension. These results suggest that EPA-E may be useful in the prevention of stroke.
 ...
PMID:Effect of long-term administration of ethyl eicosapentate (EPA-E) on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). 925 29

Ethanol ingestion can cause irreversible neuronal and vascular damage in the brain and stroke-like events. Using an intact in vivo rat brain (pial) model, TV image-intensification, cultured cerebral vascular muscle cells, digital-image analysis, and a novel Mg2+ ion-selective electrode to measure extracellular ionized Mg2+, studies were designed to determine whether: 1) perivascular or systemic administration (i.v. or intra-arterial) of magnesium aspartate HCI (MgA) exert vasodilator effects on arterioles (65-130 microm o.d.) and venules (60-135 microm); 2) nonvasodilator doses of MgA could modify vascular spasms induced by BaCl2 and ethanol; 3) nonvasodilator doses of MgA could ameliorate or prevent the cerebral vascular damage induced by high doses of ethanol; and 4) ethanol depletes cerebral vascular muscle of intracellular Mg ions ([Mg2+]i). Perivascular application of MgA (0.01-100 micromol) produced dose-dependent vasodilatation of cerebral arterioles and venules; arterioles yielded greater vasodilator responses compared to venules. Nonvasodilator doses of Mg (1.0, 4.0 micromol/min), administered i.v. or intra-arterially, into a branch of the internal carotid artery, prevented: 1) the spasmogenic actions of ethanol and Ba2+; and 2) the vasculotoxic actions (rupture of postcapillary venules and focal hemorrhages) of ethanol. In addition, ethanol depleted cerebral vascular muscle cells of [Mg2+]i; blood levels of ionized Mg2+ rose after IP ethanol. Despite the fact that systemic infusion of low nonvasodilator doses did not result in dilatation of the pial arterioles and venules, plasma total and ionized Mg rose 18-230%, depending upon dose of MgA and time of plasma sampling. These data support the idea that Mg2+ can act as a local vasodilator on brain microvessels and possess antispasmodic properties on brain arterioles and venules. In addition, our results indicate that Mg may possess some unique cerebral vascular protective properties against the vasculotoxic effects of ethanol. Lastly, these findings suggest ethanol-induced cerebrovasospasm and vascular damage appear to be associated with a rapid loss of [Mg2+]i from cerebral vascular muscle cells.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol-induced vascular damage of brain is ameliorated by administration of magnesium. 947 55

Failure of several putative neuroprotectants in large multicentred clinical trials has re-focussed attention on the predictability of pre-clinical animal models of stroke. Model characterisation and relationship to heterogeneous patient sub-groups remains of paramount importance. Information gained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signatures indicates that the Zea Longa model of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion may be more representative of slowly evolving infarcts. Understanding the molecular changes over several hours following cerebral ischaemia will allow detailed characterisation of the adaptive response to brain injury. Using a fully characterised model of Zea Longa middle cerebral artery occlusion we have used the representational difference analysis (RDA) subtractive hybridisation method to identify transcripts that accumulate in the ischaemic cortex. Along with a number of established ischaemia-induced gene products (including MCP-1, TIMP-1, hsp 70) we were also able to identify nine genes which have not previously been shown to accumulate following focal ischaemia (including SOCS-3, GADD45gamma, Xin).
 ...
PMID:Characterisation of gene expression changes following permanent MCAO in the rat using subtractive hybridisation. 1153 40

Stroke is a common cause of death and disability in our society. Stroke is associated with changes in immune responses within the central nervous system as well as systemically. The cells contributing to such changes as well as the factors contributing to formation of the inflammatory infiltrate observed in stroke remain to be clarified. In this study, blood monocytes and corresponding mononuclear cells (MNC) were separated and examined in parallel within 4 days and 1-3 months after onset of ischemic stroke. Numbers of TNF-alpha-, IL-12-, IL-6-, and IL-10-secreting cells and of cells expressing mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -7, -9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 were studied. The TNF-alpha-, IL-12-, and IL-6-secreting monocytes and MNC were elevated during the acute phase compared to healthy controls. Such differences were not observed when stroke patients were examined during convalescence. The IL-10-secreting monocytes did not change over the course of stroke. Levels of monocytes expressing MMP-1, MMP-7 and TIMP-1 mRNA were elevated in the acute phase of stroke patients compared to convalescence and healthy controls, as were levels of MMP-1, -2, -7, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNA expressing blood MNC. The MMP-2 and -9 activity as measured by zymography also was higher in MNC supernatants in the acute phase of stroke compared to convalescence. The high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs in blood monocytes and MNC further demonstrate the presence of systemic aberrations in the acute phase of stroke. Such changes may contribute to the influx of blood-borne cells into the ischemic lesions during the acute phase of stroke.
 ...
PMID:Matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine profiles in monocytes over the course of stroke. 1172 9


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>