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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 10 anaesthesized dwarf pigs with an open thorax the effects of extrasystoles on systemic and coronary circulation were investigated. The actual effect of an extrasystole depends on the time of its onset. Early extrasystoles hamper the cardiac blood perfusion, with decreases in the stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, coronary blood flow, and elevation of coronary resistance. Extrasystoles setting on later are of minor haemodynamic and coronarodynamic importance. The effects of bigeminy and 2:1 extrasystolia are more adverse than the consequences of extrasystoles with later onset. With cumulation of several consecutive extrasystoles also adverse the haemodynamic coronarodynamic sequelae increase, in dependence on the magnitude of the quotient coupling time /extrasystolic excitation period [ greater than 1.1], or of the quotient: duration of pre- and postextrasystolic intervals/ normal interval of heart action [ greater than 1.5]. The authors point out the importance of haemodynamic findings during early extrasystoles in ischaemic heart disease.
Cor Vasa 1978
PMID:[The effect of early appearing extrasystoles on systemic and coronary circulation]. 8 Mar 1

Five healthy male volunteers were subjected to graded exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer (600 kpm/min for 8 minutes) with simultaneous catheterization of the right cardiac ventricle and radial artery, first before immobilization and them after five-day bed rest in the head-down posture (the foot bed end was elevated 4.5 degrees). After immobilization, during exercise the stroke index did not increase, the tachycardia was more marked, the indicators of right ventricular contractility increased [+ max dp/dt, mas (dp/dt) /P, --mas dp/dt], the arterial pressure decreased, and the lactic acid level in mixed venous blood rose. Possible causes of haemodynamic and metabolic alterations, occurring in healthy volunteers during graded exercise following short-term hypokinesis, are discussed.
Cor Vasa 1979
PMID:Short-term immobilization of healthy men: right ventricular function and metabolism during graded exercise. 22 25

The silhouettes of the left ventricle seen on a cine ventriculogram were used as the graphic input to a pattern analysis programme. The programme measured the coordinates of points around silhouette. It selected the longest chord within the perimeter and determined its length, the area within the perimeter, and the volume of the resulting ellipsoid of revolution. The output from the programme was a global clinical report which included scaled reproductions of the silhouettes, maximum and minimum ventricular volumes, the stroke volume, and the ejection fraction. Local analysis consists in comparison of the contraction profile for the specific patient with the mean pattern obtained from a control group of 24 patients with no myocardial pathology. The graphical and numerical results help in following the progress of disease, in choosing candidates for coronary artery bypass, and in evaluating the results of medical or surgical treatment.
Cor Vasa 1979
PMID:Computer-aided determination of haemodynamic properties of human heart from cine left ventriculography. 39 85

Renovascular hypertension [bilateral simultaneous stenosis of renal arteries] was produced in 35 dogs of different ages [18--22 days, 2--3 months, 3--5 years]. On days 3 and 14 of renal ischaemia, the alterations were investigated that had occurred in the arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral vascular resistance [TPVR], left ventricular work, and other haemodynamic indicators. It was found that the more marked elevation of arterial pressure in puppies was connected not only with increased TPVR, but also with enhanced cardiac output and stroke volume, whereas in mature animals at increased TPVR the cardiac output and stroke volume were reduced. The authors ascribe the differences in haemodynamic changes to age-dependent differences in intracardiac compensation, autonomous regulation of heart function, and the functional state of the renin-angiotensin system.
Cor Vasa 1977
PMID:Alterations of systemic haemodynamics in experimental renovascular hypertension in dogs of different ages. 61 Sep 97

Clinical, angiological, and biochemical examinations were performed in 981 men and 30 women with organic afflictions of peripheral arteries, and in 411 men and 50 women without any signs of peripheral arterial lesions. Their family histories were thoroughly recorded with particular reference to the occurrence of myocardial infarction, cerebral accidents before and after the age of 60 years, and death of these causes; further, of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obliterations and gangraenes, in each patient's siblings, parents, and all four grandparents. Furthermore, the significance of positive family history in combination with other risk factors was investigated. Family history can be considered positive with respect to obliterative atherosclerosis when in anyone of the patient's grandparents, parents, or siblings an obliteration of peripheral arteries is present or when anyone of them died of myocardial infarction or apoplexy, especially when aged under 60 years. Presence of several factors in the specified next of kin accelerates the obliterative process in the patient. A positive family history, however, plays no decisive role either alone or in combination with any other single risk factor, but only in combination with two or more other factors, one of which is always tobacco smoking; it is not significant in any combination with obesity.
Cor Vasa 1978
PMID:Positive family history as a risk factor of obliterative atherosclerosis. 72 85

Eighteen men with myocardial infarction in their history and without signs of heart failure were investigated at rest and during standard supine exercise. In nine patients aneurysma or diskinesis of the left ventricular wall were found. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume was determined from the wash-out of 133Xe injected into the left ventricle by means of precordial scintillation counting. During exercise the cardiac index rose owing to acceleration of the heart rate, whereas the stroke index remained unchanged, and the left ventricular work and stroke indices increased. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, elevated at rest, reached high values during exercise. The left ventricular end-diastolic and residual volumes decreased during exercise in most patients, and simultaneously the systolic ejection fraction increased. In patients with aneurysma or diskinesis the end-diastolic volume both at rest and during exercise does not differ from EDV of other patients. Six patients developed angina pectoris during exercise, but their haemodynamics did not differ significantly. It is concluded that the left ventricle in patients with advanced coronary heart disease and previous myocardial infarction shows the signs rather of diminished compliance than of heart failure during adequate exercise and still possesses some functional reserves.
Cor Vasa 1977
PMID:Left ventricular end-diastolic volume during supine exercise in patients with healed myocardial infarction. 90 91

Fifty-three men with significant obliterative arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries were examined at rest, during and after pacing. Pacing induced both angina pectoris and depression of the ST segment in 38% of the patients; either angina pectoris or depression of ST segment, in 32% of the patients; the remaining 30% of patients were without symptoms or ECG signs of coronary insufficiency. Haemodynamic findings at rest, or during and after cessation of pacing were not different between these groups. Pacing increased heart rate, cardiac index remained unchanged, the stroke volume decreased, the left ventricular ejection time shortened. In both systemic and pulmonary arteries the systolic pressures decreased, the diastolic and mean pressures rose. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased. In 28 of the patients the myocardial metabolism was investigated. A close correlation was found between positive symptoms and ECG signs of myocardial ischaemia on the one hand, and metabolic signs on the other hand. Absence of angina pectoris and depressions of the ST segment during pacing does not exclude the presence of metabolic signs of ischaemia; an opposite finding is about three times less frequent. The study offers objective information about haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism before, during and after pacing, and represents an attempt of a simple classification of symptoms and signs of induced ischaemia.
Cor Vasa 1976
PMID:Haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in patients with obliterative coronary arteriosclerosis and tachycardia induced by pacing. 100 Sep 81

Thermolution serves for measuring either the cardiac output or the size of cardiac ventricles. In the former instance, an accurate determination of the area under the dilution curve, and in the latter, a true tracing of the thermal changes with time are of special importance. Because the size of the area is independent of the time constant, and a curve devoid of marked stroke waves is better suited for automatic integration, thermistors with time constants of 0.8 to 1.0 sec are chosen for this purpose. A reliable determination of the time constant is described. In measurements of the size of cardiac ventricles, a true course of thermal changes with time can be recorded with a thermistor possessing a very short time constant: 0.01 to 0.02 seconds. It is very difficult to make such thermistorized probes or catheters. It is easier to make thermistors with a time constant of 0.1 o 0.2 sec, well insulated, which may serve both requirements. By compensation, the time constant is reducible to 0.01 to 0.2 sec, making possible a true-shape recording of thermal changes for the measurement of the ventricular size, or the constant can be prolonged to 0.8 to 1.0 sec for instrumental integration. If both the shape and the time course of the thermal changes have to be truly recorded, then a non-insulated thermistor with a very short time constant has to be used.
Cor Vasa 1975
PMID:Time constant of thermistors and its role in thermodilution methods. 110 49

Basic haemodynamic parameters were measured in 58 men in various stages of essential hypertension, 18 patients with hypertensive form of chronic glomerulonephritis, and 23 practically healthy persons during graded exercise in the supine position on a bicycle ergometer for 30 minutes. During exercise, the systolic pressure rose in all persons investigated, whereas the diastolic pressure markedly increased only in patients with arterial hypertension. The cardiac index increased, according to the intensity of the exercise equally in the healthy persons and in patients in early stages of essential hypertension; a lesser increase in the cardiac index was observed in patients in late stages of hypertension and in those with chronic glomerulonephritis. The increase in the cardiac index during exercise is essentially due to an increase in the heart rate; the stroke index increases only slightly, and in later stages of essential hypertension even decreases. The total peripheral resistance diminishes during exercise, but less so in patients with arterial hypertension in whom it is distinctly higher than in healthy persons. The circulating blood volume decreases during exercise in consequence of a decrease in plasma volume, whereas the haematocrit value increases. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration decrease during exercise, both in healthy untrained persons and in patients with arterial hypertension. In patients in late stages of essential hypertension and in those with glomerulonephritis, the above parameters decrease more markedly and at lower exercise intensity than in healthy persons.
Cor Vasa 1975
PMID:Changes in general haemodynamics and renal function during exercise in patients with arterial hypertension. 114 56

The paper examines the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms playing a role in the development of cardiovascular changes on thyroid hyper- and hypofunction. The haemodynamic changes typically associated with increased and decreased secretion of thyroid hormones are described and compared. Using echocardiography, the haemodynamics changes are documented in 12 patients with hyperthyroidism and 19 patients with myxoedema prior to thyrostatic and substitution therapy. Characteristic findings in florid hyperthyroidism include a significant rise in left ventricular end-diastolic volume as well as increases in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac index (CI). Mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (mVCF) is also significantly increased. Left ventricular myocardial weight shows a tendency towards an increase. Hypothyreosis is primarily associated with decreases in SV and CI; mVCF also declines. The paper underlines the importance of causative therapy as the above haemodynamics changes are fully reversible on attaining normal thyroid function.
Cor Vasa 1992
PMID:Heart in thyroid diseases. 130 51


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