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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two boys, 9 and 10 years old, were randomly divided into experimental and control groups in order to investigate cardiovascular responses to interval cycle training. The experimental group exercised on a cycle ergometer 5 days a week during their physical education periods. There were 4 work bouts of 4 minutes each, separated by 3-minute recovery intervals each day for 8 weeks. Loads were prescribed so that heart rates ranged from 170 to 195 for each bout (80--90% estimated maximum). The control group took part in a traditional sports-oriented physical education period during this time. Pretest steady-state values at HR130 were determined for oxygen consumption, heart rate, and cardiac output, after which the load was progressively increased to determine physical work capacity at heart rate 170. The tests were repeated after the 8-week training period, at work loads identical to pretest values. Analysis of covariance revealed that significant improvements in the experimental group occurred in stroke volume and oxygen pulse. The 6.5% increase in stroke volume was countered by a 6.8% decrease in heart rate, resulting in no differences in cardiac output. Increases in physical work capacity occurred in each group, but only that of the experimental group was significant. No differences were detected for either group in steady state oxygen consumption or calculated arteriovenous oxygen difference. It was concluded that children of this age level adapt readily to cardiovascular stress. It was suggested that if improvement in cardiovascular fitness is considered to be a valid goal of physical education, then the traditional sports and games should be supplemented by training procedures designed specifically for endurance.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979 Dec
PMID:Endurance training and cardiovascular function in 9-and 10-year-old boys. 51 64

Measurement by impedance cardiography (ZCG) of cardiac output and contractility indices during exercise is a recent addition to exercise testing of the cardiac patient. To provide a needed standard of normal responses to exercise at integrals of resting oxygen consumption (METS), 10 healthy men were tested. Basal oxygen consumption (1MET) under standardized conditions was measured by mass spectrometry. Over several days the subjects were exercised on a treadmill at 2METS through 6METS with monitoring of heart rate, electrocardiogram, oxygen consumption per minute (VO2) and ZCG. The exercise routine was then repeated to look for test-retest effect. Values closely approximating presently accepted basal oxygen consumptions were achieved under these standardized but practical conditions. Cardiac output during sitting, fully supported rest was slightly higher than that at 2METS on treadmill owing to higher stroke volume. From 2METS through 6METS the curvilinear mean heart rate and stroke volume were mirror images, producing a linear increase in mean cardiac output which at 6METS was 145% of basal and 160% of the 2MET value, while the contractility index increased to 217% of basal. Comparison of the 2 trials revealed no significant test-retest effect.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979 Dec
PMID:Cardiac output and contractility indices: establishing a standard in response to low-to-moderate level exercise in healthy men. 51 63

An historical prospective study of prediction of improvement and final disposition of 105 patients with a stroke was carried out over a 2-year period in the rehabilitation service of a hospital providing long-term care. Patients were referred a mean of 37.8 days after the stroke, and were evaluated for total function and for mental status, perception, communication and motor ability at the time of admission and every 2 to 3 weeks thereafter. At the time of admission 26% of the patients were able to care for themselves; at the time of discharge 59% were able to do so, but 44% of these could not return home, primarily because of unfavourable social and environmental circumstances. In contrast, 35% of the patients unable to care for themselves went home because their families were willing to provide extra care. Neither the total function score nor the neurologic subtest scores at the time of admission predicted improvement. The presence of sphincter control and a lower age were the only significant predictors of improvement.
Can Med Assoc J 1979 Dec 08
PMID:Predicting improvement in stroke patients referred for inpatient rehabilitation. 51 75

Complex motor habit (swimming in breast stroke style) revealed dissociation of the inner (electromyography) and ambient (chronogram of swimming) structure in conditions of emotional tension and fatigue. Some emotional states, however, induced consolidation of the habit due to the range of sportsmen and their psychological readiness for competition. The variety of emotional states seems to induce a variety of effects on the inner and ambient structures of the formed motor habit.
Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova 1979 Dec
PMID:[Dissociation and consolidation of a motor habit in different emotional states]. 52 Jun 18

This study has identified all persons in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, who had a diagnosis of cerebral infarction during the period Jan. 1, 1970, through Dec. 31, 1974, and has confirmed the continuing decline in the incidence rate previously reported. The decline in the rate has been accelerating, with a relatively greater reduction occurring in women and in the more elderly age groups. There has been a decline in the prevalence rate in women which was not seen in men. The over-all impact of cerebral infarction was to reduce the proportion of those persons who were completely independent from 57% before cerebral infarction to 16% after infarction. Comparison of survival among patients with cerebral infarction occurring in the two quinquennia 1945--49 and 1970--74 showed only a 2% increased probability of survival at 30 days; the difference in survival increased progressively to 16% at 5 years. The reason for the declining incidence and increased survival in cerebral infarction in this population has not been established, but evidence of increased community surveillance and treatment of hypertension among persons before the onset of cerebral infarction is presented.
Stroke
PMID:Changing pattern of cerebral infarction: 1945--1974. 52 5

The hemodynamic effects of sedative level doses of xylazine in five chronically instrumented calves were studied. These effects included immediate and prolonged reductions in heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, and left ventricular dp/dt max. Stroke volume showed an initial decrease in value with a return in 15 minutes to base-line values. Total peripheral resistance, end-diastolic left ventricular pressure, end-diastolic left ventricular volume, and left ventricular residual fraction were increased after drug administration. The results indicate that a depressed myocardium results from xylazine administration. With one exception (the absence of a hypertensive response), these effects largely parallel, both quantitatively and qualitatively, those seen with this drug in other species. Sedation by xylazine is produced in cattle at doses which are small compared to those which is required for sedation in other species. These same small doses in cattle also cause hemodynamic changes.
Am J Vet Res 1979 Dec
PMID:Hemodynamic effects of xylazine in the calf. 52 99

The last 30 years have seen vast changes in the size and composition of the Jewish and Arab populations of Israel. The Jewish population has increased 4 1/2 times but the proportion of aged has increased 10-fold. Infant mortality has decreased considerably and life expectancy has increased for both sexes and both populations. Patterns of morbidity and mortality have changed from those characteristic of the Middle East to those commonly seen in developed countries, with ischemic heart disease, cancer and stroke the leading causes of death.
Isr J Med Sci 1979 Dec
PMID:Demography, morbidity and mortality in Israel: changes over 30 years. 52 85

The central noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) turnover in 15--16-week-old stroke prone, spontaneously hypertensive (sp-SH) female rats in an advanced stage of hypertension was found to differ from that of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) control rats. The catecholamine (CA) levels were measured after inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) or phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). in the hypertensive rats the dopamine (DA) and NA levels and the NA turnover were reduced in the hypothalamus, while in the dorsal part of the caudal medulla oblongata NA levels and A turnover were reduced. Changes in hypothalamic DA and NA mechanisms and in A mechanisms in medulla oblongata may therefore be of importance in the blood pressure regulation of sp-SH rats.
Neurosci Lett 1979 Dec
PMID:Catecholamine turnover changes in hypothalamus and dorsal midline area of the caudal medulla oblongata of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 53 May 33

A total of 289 carotid endarterectomies were performed in 204 patients. A decision to place a temporary shunt during carotid endarterectomy in this series was made entirely on the basis of intraoperative EEG monitoring. Retrospectively, the correlation between stump pressures and the results of intraoperative EEG monitoring in each case was determined. Evidence of ischemia developed in 6% of the total series on intraoperative EEG monitoring despite a stump pressure of greater than 50 mm Hg. The degree of disagreement between stump pressure and EEG varied according to clinical category in this series. In those endarterectomies performed for completed stroke, all cases requiring shunting had stump pressures less than 50 mm Hg. In those cases performed for symptoms of vertebral basilar insufficiency, however, 77% of the cases requiring an intraoperative shunt had stump pressures greater than 50 mm Hg. A review of the complication rate in the various study groups indicates that the use of intraoperative EEG is a safe indicator of cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy regardless of stump pressure.
Arch Surg 1979 Dec
PMID:Failure of carotid stump pressures. Its incidence as a predictor for a temporary shunt during carotid endarterectomy. 53 56

The comparative haemodynamic effects of oral prazosin hydrochloride and hydralazine were evaluated in 11 patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The maximum total dose of prazosin received by an individual varied up to 25 mg. Ten patients received a maximum of 75 mg and one received 50 mg of hydralazine at six-hour intervals. There was no significant change in heart rate with either drug. Decrease in mean arterial and left ventricular filling pressures were modest and similar with both agents. With prazosin, the average cardiac index increased 20 per cent and systemic vascular resistance decreased 20 per cent. By contrast, hydralazine increased cardiac index by 58 per cent and decreased systemic vascular resistance by 40 per cent. The increase in stroke work and stroke volume indices was significantly greater with hydralazine than with prazosin. These findings suggest that in some patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure, improvement in left ventricular performance may be greater with hydralazine than with prazosin.
Br Heart J 1979 Dec
PMID:Comparison of haemodynamic effects of oral hydralazine and prazosin hydrochloride in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. 53 82


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