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 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 35 cases of periarticular new bone formation (PNBF) was observed among 160 patients with coma following severe craniocerebral trauma. All cases were associated with blunt trauma and none with penetrating wounds. Only 6 of 500 cases of acute non-traumatic hemiplegia developed PNBR, and all 6 of them followed craniotomy, brain surgery and coma. New bone formation first appeared mainly between 50 and 120 days after craniocerebral injury with prolonged coma. Three-quarters of the patients with PNBF showed involvement of the shoulder joint, but this was not associated with previous subluxation. Metabolic studies were done in some patients; no disturbances were found in the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus or alkaline phosphatase. The pathologic process of PNBF seemed to stabilize some 6 to 8 months following trauma, and surgery after this period produced functional improvement in the 3 patients in whom it was tried. No satisfactory pathophysiological explanation has been found for the phenomenon of PNBR. Prolonged coma is common to all patients who suffered from PNBF and is probably an etiologic factor. The absence of PNBF in cases of cerebrovascular accident with subluxations of the gleno-humeral joint and intensive physiotherapy seems to contradict the suggestion of microtrauma as an etiological factor.
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PMID:Periarticular new bone formation in patients suffering from severe head injuries. 81 2

A case is reported of heat stroke associating dehydration, anuria, muscle disorders and early hypercalcemia. All disorders disappeared within 48 hours with rehydration. Early hypercalcemia differs from late hypercalcemia reported at resumption of diuresis. Early hypercalcemia might result from blood concentration with hyperproteinemia and release of bone calcium under the action of PTH. Its prognosis is good, which is not the case of late hypercalcemia.
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PMID:[Heat stroke with anuria, muscular disorders and early hypercalcemia]. 84 41

The author determined the phasic structure of the systole of the left ventricle by the method of polycardiography and hemodynamics in 20 patients suffering from hypothyrodism. Blood plasma and erythrocyte electrolytes were examined at the same time. Patients with hypothyroidism displayed a phasic syndrome of hypodynamia and a marked correlation between the phase of the synchronous contraction, the period of ejection, the strength of contraction of the left ventricle and the electrolyte content. Sodium and magnesium produced the greatest influence on the phasic structure of the systole; potassium and calcium had a lesser effect. The heart stroke volume diminished; as to the cardiac index, expenditure of the energy of cardiac contractions directed to the maintenance of movement of 1 litre of the minute blood volume; the external work, and the peripheral vascular resistance displayed no significant change.
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PMID:[Myocardial contractility and hemodynamics in hypothyroidism]. 84 74

Haemodynamics and renal function have been investigated in 12 patients with valvular heart disease before and after injection of 2 mg bumetanide in the right heart catheter. There were no significant changes in oxygen consumption, arteriovenous oxygen difference, cardiac index, heart beats per minute, stroke volume or right and left ventricular stroke work 35 min after the injection, whereas pulmonary and systemic arteriolar resistance showed a slight but insignificant reduction. Mean pulmonary capillary venous pressure, left ventricular end-diatolic pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and mean pressure in the right atrium were highly significantly reduced after injection, systolic left ventricular pressure showing a significant but slight decrease. The creatinine and urea clearances increased considerably during the first 50 min after injection of bumetanide, but diminished during the second period to levels somewhat lower than the initial values. There was also a marked increase in the clearance of sodium potassium, calcium, magnisium and phosphate. It is concluded that bumetanide is a very potent diuretic which changes haemodynamic parameters towards normal values.
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PMID:Haemodynamics and renal function following injection of bumetanide. 89 69

The hemodynamic effect of fusaric acid calcium salt (calcium salt of 5-butylpicolinic acid), an inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, was studied in long-term administration of this agent in 10 elderly hypertensive patients. The hemodynamic items were measured by dye-dilution method before and 3 months, 6 months and one year after administration of fusaric acid calcium salt. The main hemodynamic changes observed were as follows: 1) Heart rate did not show any consistent change. 2) Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure decreased. The mean values of these pressures after fusaric acid calcium salt administration were significantly lower than the mean values before administration of this agent. 3) Total peripheral vascular resistance index decreased. The mean values of this index at 3 months, 6 months and one year after fusic acid calcium salt administration were significantly lower than the mean value before administration of this agent. 4) Cardiac index showed various changes throughout administration of fusaric acid calcium salt. The changes in this index might be secondary following the changes in total peripheral vascular resistance index, an inverse correlation being existed between them. 5) Stroke volume index showed almost a similar pattern of change as observed in cardiac index. An inhibitory action of fusaric acid calcium salt on the inotropism of the heart could be hardly found. 6) Plasma volume showed no tangible changes after fusaric acid calcium salt administration throughout one year. It might be concluded that fusaric acid calcium salt elicited the hypotensive response primarily through the reduction of total peripheral vascular resistance index.
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PMID:The long-term hemodynamic effect of fusaric acid in elderly hypertensive patients. 99 14

Calcium chloride (7 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to six healthy volunteers anesthetized with halothane. Cardiovascular changes were measured during constant ventilation and anesthetic depth under three conditions: 1) respiratory alkalosis, 2) normocarbia, and 3) respiratory acidosis. At each Paco2, calcium infusion significantly increased cardiac index, left ventricular minute work index, and stroke index. Heart rate, total peripheral resistance, and cardiac pre-ejection period decreased. No significant change in mean arterial blood pressure or central venous pressure followed calcium administration, and no arrhythmias occurred. It is concluded that calcium administration increases myocardial performance, presumably by increasing the availability of intracellular calcium ion for actomyosin interaction.
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PMID:Cardiovascular responses to calcium administered intravenously to man during halothane anesthesia. 111 7

The effects of hemodialysis on cardiac performance were evaluated by systolic time intervals measured blindly in 15 chronic renal failure patients maintained free of circulatory congestion. After a mean dialysis of 8.7 hours, levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinin, and potassium and body weight showed statistically significant decreases and serum calcium and hematocrit values increased; heart rate and both diastolic and systolic blood pressure did not change significantly. Left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and ejection time index (ETI) were significantly shorter, falling from within normal limits to below normal. Pre-ejection period (PEP) rose significantly. These changes are consistent with a two-fold immediate effect of hemodialysis: (1) reduction of stroke volume as reflected by decreased ETI; and (2) reduced Starling effect, with or without decreased contractility, as reflected by increased PEP.
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PMID:Cardiac effects of hemodialysis: noninvasive monitoring by systolic time intervals. 114 46

Feline pial arteries larger than 100 mu in diameter constricted in response to cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation suggests or in response to topical application of norepinephrine. Smaller pial arteries were unresponsive to norepinephrine. This unresponsiveness persisted when norepinephrine was dissolved in CSF with high calcium ion concentration, or in CSF with both high calcium ion and zero magnesium ion concentration, or when it was dissolved in the acid fluid used by Wahl et al. and applied by constant infusion or by intermittent application. Comparison of the responses of the larger pial vessels to norepinephrine and to sympathetic nerve stimulation that maximal activation of sympathetic nerves achieves a concentration of released norepinephrine equal to 5.9 x 10(-6) M. The constriction of the larger pial vessels in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation could account for modest reductions in cerebral blood flow.
Stroke
PMID:Determinants of response of pial arteries to norepinephrine and sympathetic nerve stimulation. 119 30

Trace metal contents of cerebral vessels in age-matched and sex-matched subjects from three population groups were estimated. The trace metals included calcium, manganese, zinc, magnesium, copper and iron. The American blacks in Washington, D.C., who are ethnologically related to Nigerian Africans, have different patterns of trace metal contents in their cerebral vessels and the observed levels also differed in some respects from Minnesota Caucasians living in a similar environment. The greatest amounts of calcium, zinc, and copper were found in the vessels of American blacks while the greatest amount of magnesium was found in vessels of Minnesota Caucasians. There was no statistically significant difference in the manganese content of the cerebral vessels in three population groups. Nigerian Africans had the least amounts of copper and magnesium but had the highest iron content. A similar high level of iron was observed in the vessels of American blacks. Since it has been shown that American blacks have the most extensive and severe degree of atherosclerosis among the three population groups, it would appear that iron, calcium and manganese in the cerebral vessels may not directly relate to the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis. Relatively high levels of copper and magnesium, which were observed in the cerebral vessels of American blacks and Caucasians, may be of significance in the pathogenesis of cerebral atherosclerosis. The low levels of the trace metals in Nigerians may be protective. The possible role of zinc requires further studies.
Stroke
PMID:Trace metal content of cerebral vessels in American Blacks, Caucasians and Nigerian Africans. 119 34

Sixteen male patients with typical angina pectoris secondary to coronary atherosclerosis performed two daily standardized exercise tests during two consecutive days. Three hours before each exercise they received placebo or 400 mg practolol administered orally in double-blind fashion in order to complete a cross-over design. Practolol significantly prolonged the exercise duration by 30.6% and delayed the appearance time of ischaemic electrocardiographic changes by 67.7%. Maximal heart rate, systolic pressure, and pressure-rate product were also reduced after medication. In order to investigate further the effects of this beta blocking agent, myocardial function and metabolism at rest and during supine exercise were assessed in 12 male patients with coronary artery disease before and after practolol 30 mg, iv. At rest, practolol produced a decrease in tension-time index (18%), cardiac index (17%), heart rate (10%), and stroke index (7%). A significant reduction was also observed in resting stroke work index (14%) and systolic and mean aortic pressure (6%). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure remained unchanged. During supine exercise, only time-tension index (12%), heart rate (12%), and cardiac index (10%) were significantly reduced after the beta blocking agent. Practolol did not significantly change the arterial glucose, lactate, inorganic phosphate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH, PCO2, or PO2. The beta blocking agent did not modify the myocardial extraction of any of these substrates at rest or during exercise. In the dosage used in both studies, practolol significantly improved the exercise tolerance and reduced the ischaemic manifestations. The efficacy of practolol in angina pectoris may result mostly from its ability to decrease heart rate and systolic pressure during exercise.
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PMID:Effects of practolol on exercise tolerance and cardiac haemodynamics and metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. 125 93


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