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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet aggregation was produced in pial arterioles by exposing them to appropriately filtered light from a mercury lamp, following intravascular injection of sodium fluorescein. The dye acted as a target for the radiant energy and initiated a sequence of events resulting in the platelet aggregation. The aggregates adhered to the vessel in which they first appeared. When a microneedle punctured the brain adjacent to a subsequently irradiated arteriole, platelet aggregation was inhibited, even though the arteriole was not touched by the microneedle. Inhibition was manifested by prolongation of the exposure time required for the light-dye stimulus to initiate an adherent aggregate and by lengthening the time required for the aggregate to grow and totally block erythrocyte flow in the affected vessel. It is suggested that a material(s) diffuses from the zone of brain puncture, to and through the arteriolar wall, with a resultant inhibition of aggregation. It is noted that the inhibiting effect is reduced as the distance between puncture and wall increases.
Stroke
PMID:Effects of combined parenchymal and vascular injury on platelet aggregation in pial arterioles of living mice: evidence for release of aggregate-inhibiting materials. 92 58

The effect of dopamine on hemodynamics (CO, AoPm, TPR, SV, SW, CVP, PAPm, PAEDP), microcirculation (MBF, PS-product) and renal function (VU, CKI, CNa, CK, Cosm, TcH2O) was studied in 8 patients with hypnotic drug poisoning. With increasing doses of dopamine, cardiac output and heart rate increased and the peripheral resistance decreased. An augmentation of stroke volume and left ventricular stroke work was observed in the low dose range only (200--400 mug/min). With increasing doses, central venous pressure as well as mean pulmonary artery pressure and enddiastolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased. No vasoconstriction was found in muscle tissue vessels even with large doses of dopamine. This is explained by the vasoplegic properties of hypnotic drugs. In circulatory shock associated with hypnotic drug poisoning, dopamine develops only minor pressure effects in contrast to its action in circulatory shock of cardiogenic or septic shock origin. High doses of dopamine result in a significant increase in heart rate, without concomitant increase in stroke volume and blood pressure. Therefore the dosage of dopamine should not exceed 400 mug/min in these cases. A combination with small doses of norepinephrine (10--20 mug/min) seems to be more effective. Renal function tests showed variable expansion of urine volume, glomerular filtration rate, and clearances of sodium, potassium and osmotic substances. Therapy with dopamine might increase the renal elimination rate of hypnotic drugs.
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PMID:[The influence of dopamine on hemodynamics, microcirculation and renal function in patients with hypnotic drug intoxication (author's transl)]. 94 Feb 91

Unilateral cerebrovascular occlusion was produced in heparinized rats within seconds after injection of microgram quantities of sodium arachidonate into the internal carotid artery. Electroencephalographic activity over the affected cerebral hemisphere became attenuated, and cerebral blood flow decreased by half. A neurologic syndrome, including ipsilateral blindness and contralateral sensorimotor deficits, resulted from occlusion of the microvasculature by platelet thrombi. Although aspirin strongly inhibited arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, the drug offered little protection against arachidonate-induced stroke.
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PMID:Arachidonate-induced cerebrovascular occlusion in the rat. The role of platelets and aspirin in stroke. 94 86

In the course of a routine investigation of the complex between the erythrocyte membrane protein spectrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate, we observed a large discrepancy between the true Stokes radius (178 A, measured by hydrodynamic methods) and the apparent value derived from gel chromatography (107 A). In attempting to resolve this discrepancy, we have experiments that indicate that all large asymmetric particles may be subject to a similar discrepancy; e.g., native fibrinogne has a true Strokes radius of 108 A, whereas the value derived by column chromatography after calibration with globular proteins is only 71 A. The simplest interpretation is that end-on insertion of asymmetric particles into the gel pores contributes to their retardation. The phenomenon clearly limits the usefulness of gel chromatography as a quantitative measure of the hydrodynamic Stokes radius. Incidental data obtained in the course of this work indicate that spherical viruses may have weak chemical affinity for the porous gel. Chromatography of large proteins in the presence of detergents produced no effects ascribable to absorption of the detergents, but the results suggest a need for further study of possible interaction between detergents and small gel pores.
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PMID:Use of gel chromatography for the determination of the Stokes radii of proteins in the presence and absence of detergents. A reexamination. 95 91

Vasodilator therapy has been shown to have beneficial effects in heart failure. In order to evaluate the haemodynamic actions of vasodilator administration in primary congestive cardiomyopathy, sodium nitroprusside was infused intravenously at a rate of 15 to 100 mug/min to 12 patients. Mean arterial pressure fell 15 per cent from 86+/-3-0 to 72+/-2-4 mmHg (11-40 +/- -4 to 9-6 +/- 0-3 kPa), and there was a small but significant decrease in mean heart rate from 96 +/- 4-8 to 90 +/- 4-4 beats/min. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 40 +/- 2-2 to 26 +/- 2-8 mmHg (5-3 +/- 0-3 kPa to 3-5 +/- 0-4 kPa), mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 25 +/ -2-2 to 16 +/- 2-1 mmHg (3-3 +/- 0-3 to 2-1 +/- 0-3 kPa), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 27 +/- 1-8 to 17 +/- 1-5 mmHg (3-6 +/- 0-3 to 2-3 +/- 0-2 kPa). Cardiac index increased by an average of 48 per cent from 2-1 to 3-1 l/min per m2, and left ventricular stroke work index increased from 18-4 +/- 1-6 to 21-3 +/- 1-9 g m/m2. These results show that pronounced left ventricular dysfunction in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy is improved during vasodilator therapy.
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PMID:Circulatory response to vasodilator therapy in congestive cardiomyopathy. 97 93

The hemodynamic response to vasodilator therapy with sodium nitroprusside has been assessed in 33 patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) during coronary artery operation. The patients were divided into three groups; Group 1 included seven patients with CAD and normal left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP less than 12 mm Hg); Group 2 included 18 patients with CAD and chronic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (LVFP greater than 12 mm Hg) and Group 3 included eight patients with CAD and acute LV dysfunction (LVFP greater than 12 mm Hg) associated with an intraoperative hypertensive episode. Nitroprusside was administered intraoperatively at an initial infusion rate of 10-15 mcg/min and the rate was gradually increased thereafter until the criteria for effective therapy were satisfied. The effective dose ranged from 10-120 mcg/min with an average of 52 +/- 4 (SEM) mcg/min. In all three groups, pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure, right and left ventricular filling pressure, and pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly with nitroprusside infusion. Heart rate increased significantly in Group 1 and remained unchanged in Group 2 and 3. Heart rate X systolic arterial pressure decreased significantly in Group 1 and 3 and did not change in Group 2. Stroke index increased significantly in both groups of patients with elevated control LVFP (Group 2 and 3) and remained unchanged in patients with normal left ventricular function (Group 1). Left ventricular stroke work index decreased in Group 1, increased in Group 2, and remained unchanged in Group 3. Right ventricular stroke work index decreased significantly in all groups. These findings suggest that judicious intraoperative administration of sodium nitroprusside improves left ventricular function in patients with acute or chronic elevation of LVFP and LV dysfunction associated with severe CAD. Furthermore, nitroprusside is an effective drug for control of intraoperative hypertensive episodes in such patients.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside infusion during coronary artery operation in man. 99 24

From haemodynamic and metabolic investigation of 65 comatose subjects following cranial traumatism or cerebral vascular accident, the following prognostic and therapeutic indications emerged: The isolated increase in oxygen pressure in the jugular vein to above 50 mm Hg, the simultaneous decrease in circulation of the brain to below of 30 ml/100g/min., and of the brain consumption of oxygen to below 1.5 ml/100g/min., combined with a loss of autoregulation and a decrease in carbon dioxide reactivity indicate that prognosis is very poor. Induced arterial hypertension, associated with hyperventilation, partially corrects brain hypoperfusion in coma from bulbo-pontine lesions. Sodium penthiobarbital and sodium gamma hydroxybutyrate and have the effect of reducing oxygen metabolism which might have some therapeutic value during the acute phase of coma. Clomipramine which has a stimulating effect on oxygen metabolism should be kept in reserve for the chronic phase of prolonged coma.
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PMID:[Prolonged traumatic and vascular coma: prognostic and therapeutic indications based on hemodynamic and metabolic studies]. 100 13

Haemodynamic effects during hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in the surgery of cerebral aneurysms were studied in 16 patients. Sodium Nitroprusside caused arterial hypotension by a direct vascular musculotropic effect and it was found to reduce peripheral vasculare resistance, and to lower the bloodpressure in the right atrium and pulmonary arteries. Stroke volume decreased in the presence of tachycardia while there was no change in cardiac output. Its evanescent action and easy regulation make sodium nitroprusside suitable for controlled hypotension during cerebral surgery, especially since there are no negative haemodynamic effects.
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PMID:[Haemodynamic effects during hypotension with sodium nitroprusside neurosurgery (author's transl)]. 101 50

The following cardiovascular parameters were continuously measured in 12 dogs anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital following i.v. application of Baralgin, a combination of 1-beta- piperidino-ethoxycarbmethoxy-benzophenone-hydrochloride with diphenylpiperidino-ethyl-acetamide-bromomethylate and 2.3-dimethyl-4-methylamino-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone-N-methanesulfonic acid: Mean arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, dp/dt-value in the left ventricle, the parameter (see article), told peripheral resistance, cardiac work, heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume, flow rate in the A. femoralis and the repiration volume. In this experimental series dosages of 0.1, 0.25, 0.625 and 1.56 ml Baralgin/kg i.v. were tested and the subsequent cardiovascular activity was recorded for a period of 90 min following application. 1. The mean arterial blood pressure remained practically unaltered following low doses of Baralgin (0.1 and 0.25 ml/kg i.v.), whereas higher doses (0.625 and 1.56 ml/kg) led to an initial drop in blood pressure corresponding to the fall in total resistance. 2. The cardiac output rose slightly in correlation with rise in stroke volume. In the dosage range of 0.25 ml Baralgin/kg i.v. the rise in cardiac output was accentuated by an increase in heart rate. 3. The cardiac work remained relatively stable following small Baralgin doses, however, a slight diminution in cardiac work due to the fall in blood pressure and decrease in cardiac output, resulted from application of 1.56 mg/kg i.v. 4. A slight positive inotropic stimulation of the heart became apparent in the initial period following small doses of Baralgin (0.1 and 0.25 ml/kg i.v.), higher i.v. dosages caused a marginal reduction in cardiac contractility.
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PMID:[Influence of an antispastic, analgesic combination on blood pressure, dynamics and contractility of the left ventricle in the dog]. 103 57

Cardiac and circulatory function (cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure = MAP, total peripheral resistance = TPR), further renal function (PAH- and inulin clearance, filtration fraction, urinary excretion, renal sodium- and potassium excretion) were measured on 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery to whom Dopamine and Orciprenaline were administered in increasing doses of 100 mug - up to 500 mug/min (Dopamine) and 10 mug - to 20 mug/min (Orciprenaline). An infusion of Dopamine up to 250 mug/min caused a dosis-related increase of the cardiac output up to 31% (2P less than 0.001) without essential increasing of the MAP and of the heart rate. Dopamine caused a decrease of the TPR up to 24%. Doses of Dopamine over 250 mug/min cause an increase of the MAP and of the heart rate without a real increase of the cardiac output. Renal function improved under increasing doses of Dopamine, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) up to 74%, urinary excretion up to 130%, sodium and potassium excretion up to 60% respectively. After administering Orciprenaline in a dosis of 20 mug/min cardiac output increases up to 28%, MAP and heart rate up to 12% and 17% respectively. After the administration of Orciprenaline (20 mug/min) and Dopamine (500 mug/min) frequent extra systoles were observed without any increase of the cardiac output; MAP increased by 12%, TPR decreased by 16% after 20 mug/min of Orciprenaline. ERPF decreased slightly after Orciprenaline. Urinary excretion was reduced by a half.
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PMID:[Comparing studies on the influence of dopamine and orciprenaline on cardiac and renal function of patients after cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. 108 62


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