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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence shows statistically reliable individual differences among unimpaired subjects in ability to use visual representation of electromyographic voltages. The visual information was displayed as a cursor in a tracking situation. The cursor was then blanked, with subjects being required to place the now invisible cursor over a target. Test-retest correlational significance is demonstrated. The rationale for using visual guidance in rehabilitating stroke victims suffering from loss in motor feedback receives support.
Percept Mot Skills 1987 Jun
PMID:Individual differences in ability to use EMG-derived feedback. 360 12

20 subjects, aged 11 to 21 yr., skilled in competitive swimming in both the crawl and the breaststroke, performed a total of 8 timed swimming trials of 25 yd. in both strokes both with and without blindfolds to test the hypothesis that the loss in performance which would occur with loss of visual feedback is related to the complexity of the motor skill being performed. After correction for differences in the speed of each stroke, the loss in speed (performance decrement) in the more complex stroke (crawl) was significantly greater than the decrement in the less complex (breast) stroke.
Percept Mot Skills 1982 Dec
PMID:Effects of loss of visual feedback on performance of two swimming strokes. 716 7

Responses to the Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised and the Mini-Mental State Examination were examined for 49 stroke patients to investigate the psychometric equivalence between the two tests. Pearson product-moment correlation and Spearman rank-order correlation between the two tests were 0.87 and 0.78. Each test's scores significantly correlated with the Full Scale IQs on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised: 0.61 for Hasegawa's Dementia Scale and 0.69 for the Mini-Mental State Examination. These values indicate that the two tests are judged comparable measures for screening cognitive impairment in stroke patients.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Aug
PMID:Psychometric equivalence of the Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised with the Mini-Mental State Examination in stroke patients. 780 7

Measurements of strength from six muscle groups described in two previously completed reports were analyzed further using Cronbach alpha. The coefficients were greater than .948 for a small sample of stroke patients and a larger sample of healthy individuals. This finding shows in diverse samples that the measures possess internal consistency and are measuring the same underlying construct.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Dec
PMID:Internal consistency of dynamometer measurements in healthy subjects and stroke patients. 868

This study investigated the effects of three different types of attention-focusing instructions on the training times of 10 competitive youth swimmers. Mean times indicated that conditions emphasising positive imaging and stroke counting led to faster times than a control condition. Instructions to concentrate on technique did not appear to result in faster times. Subjective assessments of effort indicated the swimmers seemed to feel they had not increased their effort significantly in any condition. These results confirm the potentially positive effects of psychological interventions with swimmers and are discussed in relation to previous work in the field and their implications for coaching.
Percept Mot Skills 1996 Dec
PMID:Attention-focusing instructions and training times in competitive youth swimmers. 896 28

Autogenic training, a method of self-hypnosis, lowers the extent of within-day variation of systolic blood pressure assessed by the circadian double amplitude. The blood pressure and heart rate of ten patients, conventionally diagnosed as having hypertension or white-coat hypertension, were automatically monitored at 30-min intervals for 7 days before autogenic training and again for 7 days, at 1 or 2 months after the start of autogenic training (practiced three times daily). The circadian double amplitude of systolic blood pressure of the patients investigated was 3 to 17 mm Hg lower on autogenic training. In 5 patients, reductions by 7 to 17 mm Hg were statistically significant. These results are regarded as provisional statistics, the utility of which depends on replication. By contrast, the over-all group reduction of the circadian double amplitude of systolic blood pressure by 8 mm Hg on the average can be taken at face value. Autogenic training also lowered the circadian double amplitude of diastolic blood pressure, but the effect was small as was the effect of autogenic training upon the MESOR (a rhythm adjusted mean) and acrophase (a measure of the timing of over-all high values recurring each day). The effect of autogenic training upon the circadian double amplitude of systolic blood pressure suggests its trial as first-line treatment of patients with an excessive circadian blood pressure amplitude, a condition which, even in the absence of an elevated 24-hr, average of blood pressure, is associated with a large increase in the risk of developing ischemic stroke or nephropathy.
Percept Mot Skills 1996 Dec
PMID:Chronobiometric assessment of autogenic training effects upon blood pressure and heart rate. 901 58

The purpose of the study was to identify the stroking characteristics such as rate and length used by male swimmers of differing skill and to analyze the variations of velocity, stroke rate, and stroke length during the course of the race. The performance of 442 male subjects including 40 swimmers competing at an international 100-m freestyle event was videotaped and later analyzed to measure velocity, stroke rate, and stroke length on each lap of the race. Stroke length seemed to be the best predictor of swimming velocity. Different levels of performance could be discriminated by the variations of velocity, stroke rate, and especially stroke length, throughout the race. Besides higher values for velocity, stroke rate, and stroke length, the best swimmers were characterized by the capacity to maintain these parameters constant throughout the course of the race. Such results could be used by coaches to assess technique and training for certain racing strategies.
Percept Mot Skills 1997 Aug
PMID:Stroking characteristic variations in the 100-M freestyle for male swimmers of differing skill. 929 74

The efficiency of four different cursive handwriting styles as model alphabets for handwriting instruction of primary school children was compared in a cross-sectional field experiment from Grade 3 to 6 in terms of the average handwriting speed developed by the children and the average rate of convergence of the children's handwriting to the style of their model. It was concluded that styles with regular entry stroke patterns give the steadiest rate of convergence to the model and styles with short ascenders and descenders and strokes with not too high curvatures give the highest handwriting speed.
Percept Mot Skills 1997 Dec
PMID:Comparison of cursive models for handwriting instruction. 945 Feb 67

Ten hemiplegic subjects completed 20 rapid dorsiflexions of their afflicted and nonafflicted limbs. Electrodes were attached to the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius muscles and electromyograms were recorded for their premotor time, motor time, and simple reaction time during ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of their lower limbs. The fractionated components of reaction time, namely, premotor time and motor time, of both legs were statistically compared. It was found that the premotor time of the subject's stroke-affected limb was significantly slower than the premotor time of the nonaffected limb (control), with no differences between their associated mean motor times. These results supported the hypothesis that a stroke has a deleterious affect upon the central, premotor time processing centers and has no disruptive influence upon the peripheral motor time. Comparing the fractionated components of reaction time (premotor time and motor time), with simple reaction time, the former provided a more sensitive and valid method to detect possible injurious side effects of a stroke upon the brain's neuromotor transmission centers and subcenters, and their peripheral, stimulus, response network.
Percept Mot Skills 1998 Jun
PMID:Fractionated premotor, motor, and ankle dorsiflexion reaction times in hemiplegia. 965 93

This study involved the retrospective analysis of instrumented measurements of strength from six muscle actions of 15 patients with renal disease. Most measurements were correlated significantly (Cronbach alpha > .92). These findings extend those obtained in studies of healthy individuals and patients with stroke and suggest the presence of a common underlying construct, limb muscle strength.
Percept Mot Skills 1998 Jun
PMID:Intercorrelations and internal consistency of limb muscle-action strengths of patients with renal disease. 970 Aug 1


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