Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study confirmed again that high protein diet feeding decreased the incidence of stroke, and high fish protein diet did attenuate severe hypertension but high soybean protein diet did not affect the hypertension. Dietary amino acid analyses indicated that increases in total amino acids, essential amino acids and nonpolar amino acids but not acid or basic amino acids were significantly related to the reduction of stroke incidence. Among essential amino acids, lysine, threonine, isoleucine, and leucine contents were inversely related to stroke incidence, and methionine content was significantly related to the dietary antihypertensive effect of high protein diets. The prophylactic effect of high protein diets may be ascribed to some amino acid constituent.
 ...
PMID:Prophylactic trials for stroke in stroke-prone SHR. (3) Amino acid analysis of various diets and their prophylactic effect. 56 25

Various mechanisms may exist for activation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes during hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion. During activation of PMN leukocytes, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced in addition to oxygen free radicals. We studied the effects of hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion on cardiac function and contractility, oxygen free radical producing activity of PMN leukocytes (PMN chemiluminescence), and serum and cardiac tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, with and without methionine (quencher of hypochlorous acid) in anesthetized dogs, in order to assess the role of hypochlorous acid in depression of cardiac function and contractility in hemorrhagic shock. The dogs were divided into two groups: group I, hemorrhagic shock (2 hr) followed by reinfusion (2 hr); and group II, hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion similar to group I but methionine (30 mg/kg i.v.) was administered before bleeding, before reinfusion, and after 1 hr of reinfusion in this group. Mean arterial pressure (mAo), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), index of myocardial contractility (dp/dtmax), and cardiac function (stroke volume index [SVI], left-ventricular work index [LVWI]) decreased significantly during shock and the decreases were similar in both groups. The indices of myocardial contractility which are independent of pre- and/or afterload ([dp/dt]/IIP and [dp/dt]/IIP/CPIP) were affected to a lesser degree than the other indices of myocardial contractility (dp/dtmax) during shock and reinfusion. However, the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in both groups. Postinfusion recovery of cardiac function and contractility in group II was greater than in group I. Cardiac function and contractility after reinfusion returned to preshock levels initially followed by a decrease below the preshock values in group I. However, these parameters remained at or above preshock levels after reinfusion in group II. Cardiac tissue MDA levels were higher in group I, as compared to those in control dogs. The tissue levels of MDA in group II were lower than in group I but similar to those of control. The serum MDA did not change significantly during shock and reinfusion in either group. Although there were increases in the serum MDA after reinfusion in group I, they were not significant. While the chemiluminescent activity of PMN leukocyte increased significantly in group I, this activity decreased significantly in group II during shock and reinfusion. Methionine in in vitro studies did not affect the oxygen free radical producing activity of PMN leukocyte. These results suggest that hypochlorous acid is produced during shock and reinfusion. The decrease in the cardiac function and contractility after reinfusion may be due to hypochlorous acid.
 ...
PMID:Methionine in protection of hemorrhagic shock: role of oxygen free radicals and hypochlorous acid. 132 Apr 67

The 5-HT-2 antagonist ketanserin (KAS) has been successfully used to treat acute hypertension in coronary bypass surgery. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of KAS on ischaemic myocardium. In 11 anaesthetized (piritramide) dogs, systolic contraction (sdL) and end-diastolic length (edL) of myocardium supplied by the left descending coronary artery (LAD) and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) were measured by sonomicrometry simultaneously with aortic pressure (AoP), left ventricular dP/dtmax and end-diastolic pressure (LVedP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume, and LAD flow (QLAD). Regional ischaemia to decrease sdLLAD (-48%) was achieved by LAD stenosis (QLAD -47%). Concomitantly, edLLAD increased by 8%. However, the other variables did not change. Then KAS was given i.v. (0.15 + 0.15 + 0.30 + 0.6 mg/kg) at 15-min intervals. Following KAS, prestenotic sdLLAD recovered in a dose-dependent manner. LVedP and edLLAD decreased, sdLLCX increased, and the other variables were not affected. This functional recovery of ischaemic myocardium was attenuated by pretreatment with metoprolol (MET, 1 mg/kg) prior to LAD stenosis. The ischaemic area was not irreversibly damaged, however, as proven by the recovery of prestenotic sdLLAD values after release of the stenosis. The improved systolic shortening of ischaemic myocardium following KAS did not result from restored QLAD due to post-stenotic vasodilation or break up of platelet aggregates (QLAD did not increase) or from reduced afterload (AoP did not decrease). Obviously, it was mediated by beta-1-receptors, as shown by the attenuation of the beneficial effect of KAS by pretreatment with MET.
 ...
PMID:Effects of the serotonin-antagonist ketanserin on the function of ischaemic and normally perfused myocardium and modification by beta-1-blockade in anaesthetized normotensive dogs. 135 17

Previous studies in the literature indicate that intraenteric placement of the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe) evokes an intestinal inflammatory response characterized by an accumulation of interstitial fluid and increased lymph flow. Furthermore, it is known that movement of lymph away from the intestine is dependent on the rhythmic pumping of lymph by collecting lymphatics in the mesentery. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced increase in lymph formation is countered by an increase in lymphatic pump efficiency. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and a segment of ileum with adjacent mesentery was exteriorized. The mesentery was positioned over an optical window, and a 100-microns collecting lymphatic was selected for study. The preparation was transferred to a video microscope, and the activity of the lymphatic pump was monitored under control conditions and during intraluminal infusion of 1 microM f-Met-Leu-Phe. Lymph propulsion by the lymphatic pump was calculated from the product of stroke volume and contraction frequency. In one group of animals, total lymph flow was determined by cannulating the lymphatic draining the ileal segment. Total lymph flow increased following f-Met-Leu-Phe placement in the intestine. The increased lymph flow was paralleled by a rise in lymphatic pumping. The rise in lymph propulsion by the lymphatic pump resulted exclusively from an increased stroke volume, inasmuch as contraction frequency did not change. The results of the present study suggest that activation of the lymphatic pump during acute inflammation may be important in preventing interstitial edema.
 ...
PMID:Effects of f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced inflammation on intestinal lymph flow and lymphatic pump behavior. 153 54

This study was undertaken in order to investigate the newly discovered spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the genomic locus of (poly)phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC)-delta at a DNA sequence level. Our aim was to clone the PLC-delta complimentary DNA (cDNA) from SHR and analyse the genomic DNA obtained from two hypertensive rat strains such as SHR and its stroke-prone substrain (SHR-SP) and three normotensive rat strains such as Sprague-Dawley, Donryu and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) by preparing an aortic cDNA library of SHR, hybridization cloning of PLC-delta cDNA and an analysis of the genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction. By digesting with restriction enzyme XhoI, we discovered an RFLP band displaying only in SHR and SHR-SP, not in Sprague-Dawley, Donryu and WKY rats. DNA sequencing of PLC-delta cDNA cloned from an aortic cDNA library of SHR revealed a total of three SHR-specific point mutations, two of which resulted in amino acid substitutions. The first point mutation (A to T) was detected at the XhoI site, changing a threonine(ACG) to a serine(TCG), and the second point mutation (A to G) was discovered in the vicinity of the first one, changing an isoleucine(ATA) to a methionine(ATG). This is the first demonstration of the mutations in the SHR genome changing amino acid sequences. These amino acid substitutions, situated in the putative catalytic X domain of PLC-delta, may be the major cause of the augmented PLC activity observed in the SHR, possibly leading to hypertension-related phenonemoma such as abnormal calcium homeostasis and increased intracellular calcium ion concentrations.
 ...
PMID:Phospholipase C-delta gene of the spontaneously hypertensive rat harbors point mutations causing amino acid substitutions in a catalytic domain. 168 14

In order to investigate the effect of dietary EPA on liver GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in rats, highly concentrated EPA (78% ethyl ester form) was administrated to SHRSP (Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat) that were fed a casein, SPI (soybean protein isolate) or SPI diet with methionine for 4 weeks. The content of liver GSH in rats fed SPI was lower than that of rats fed the casein diet. Although no significant difference of liver GSH-Px was observed in rats after EPA supplement, a decrease of liver GSH-Px activity was found in rats fed the SPI diet when compared with rats fed the casein diet. The changes of liver GSH content and GSH-Px activity in rats fed SPI were found to be associated with methionine supplement. Addition of methionine to the SPI diet resulted in an increase of liver GSH content and GSH-Px activity. In addition, liver lipid peroxide concentration was increased in rats fed the SPI diet after EPA treatment. In contrast, EPA administered rats fed the SPI diet containing methionine showed a lower liver lipid peroxide concentration. These results suggest that methionine may play an important role in regulation of the utilization of EPA in SHRSP when fed a SPI diet.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dietary protein on the peroxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 179 53

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of EPA in rats fed different protein sources. A highly concentrated EPA (78% EPA, ethyl ester form), manufactured from sardine oil was administered to SHRSP (Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat) and WKY (Wistar Kyoto) for 4 weeks. Casein or SPI (soy protein isolate) was used as protein source in the experimental diet. In the experiment concerning casein diet, showing significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, plasma lipids of SHRSP were observed after EPA treatment, but no significant difference was found in SPI diet group. Although there was no significant change in systolic blood pressure of WKY after EPA treatment, a similar effect of EPA on plasma lipids level and platelet aggregation were also observed in WKY. However, supplementing methionine to SPI diet induced the reducing effect of EPA in rats. In addition, higher level ratios of EPA to arachidonic acid were observed in the plasma and platelets of rats fed SPI diet containing methionine supplement when compared with rats fed SPI diet. It was suggested that the amino acid profile was related to the effective utilization of EPA in rats.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid on plasma lipids and platelet function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. 221 Sep 63

The methionine analogue methionine sulfoximine was administered to 10 rats 24 hours before occlusion of the proximal left middle cerebral artery. Three days later the rats were decapitated and the brain infarct volumes were compared with those in 10 control rats that received saline before middle cerebral artery occlusion. The mean volume of the infarct in the cerebral cortex was reduced by 33% in the group treated with methionine sulfoximine (p less than 0.01). This protective effect may be mediated by a presynaptic mechanism; methionine sulfoximine profoundly inhibits brain glutamine synthetase, thereby interrupting the astrocyte-neuron glutamate shuttle and impairing neuronal glutamate release. Methionine sulfoximine also increases brain glycogen stores, and this increased energy reserve may benefit penumbral tissue during the peri-infarct period. Further study of the mechanisms by which methionine sulfoximine decreases infarct volume could lead to new therapeutic approaches for stroke.
Stroke 1990 Feb
PMID:Methionine sulfoximine reduces cortical infarct size in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion. 230 10

We investigated the effects of intravenous application of nimodipine on the neurophysiologic, biochemical, and morphologic consequences of 15 minutes of global cerebral ischemia in seven rabbits. In vivo dialysis of the hippocampus was used to determine changes in extracellular concentrations of extracellular calcium and amino acids and blood-brain barrier permeability. Ischemia without treatment produced a rapid disappearance of electroencephalographic activity, a decrease in the concentration of extracellular calcium, the release of neuroactive amino acids, and leakage of methionine to the tissue fluid, plus a significant increase of the blood-brain barrier permeability to fluorescein. Except for permeability and electroencephalographic activity, these parameters normalized during 45 minutes of recirculation; permeability and activity failed to normalize completely during 3 hours of recirculation. After 3 hours of recirculation, morphologic changes in the CA1 hippocampal area were observed. Treatment with nimodipine significantly enhanced electroencephalographic activity recovery and normalization during recirculation, reduced the decrease in extracellular calcium concentration, and prevented the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Nimodipine protected the CA1 area from early morphologic changes and reduced leakage of methionine from brain cells. The beneficial cytoprotective effect of nimodipine, probably related to normalization of calcium homeostasis and blood-brain barrier permeability after ischemia, may reflect both vascular and cellular sites of action.
Stroke 1989 Jan
PMID:Beneficial effect of nimodipine on metabolic and functional disturbances in rabbit hippocampus following complete cerebral ischemia. 291 38

Membrane fractions enriched in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were isolated from the cardiac ventricles of 10-month-old, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) which had been maintained for nine months on one of four experimental diets: low protein (LP) (19% protein), standard (STD) (24% protein), high protein (HP) (32% protein), or high methionine (1.9% methionine) (MET). ATPase activities, as well as ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding and Ca2+-uptake activities, of the isolated SR were determined to examine the influence of diet on myocardial Ca2+-pump activity. SR from all four groups exhibited similar Mg2+-ATPase activity. However, the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity was significantly elevated in SR from rats on the MET diet while the activity in the other groups showed no significant differences. After 15 sec of incubation, Ca2+-uptake (presence of oxalate) in SR from the LP group was significantly less than Ca2+-uptake in SR from each of the three other diet groups. Ca2+ binding (absence of oxalate) in the SR from the LP group was also significantly less than that from each of the three other diet groups. Kinetic analysis of SR Ca2+-uptake over 60 sec revealed that the Bmax of the MET group was significantly higher than Bmax of the STD diet group. In addition, the Bmax of the LP group was significantly lower than Bmax of the HP and MET groups. There was no significant difference in affinity of the SR Ca2+-uptake system among the four diet groups. These results indicate that modification of dietary protein can influence myocardial SR Ca2+-pump function.
 ...
PMID:ATP-dependent calcium uptake in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum from spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of modification of dietary protein. 293 82


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>