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 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, standing induces a reduction in cardiac index (CI) and an increase in systemic vascular resistance index. Our previous studies indicate that this abnormal hemodynamic response to standing is due to an altered myocardial function, because cirrhotic patients are unable to compensate for the reduced preload with an increase in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and stroke volume. To evaluate whether the cardiac dysfunction in cirrhosis is influenced by canrenone, an aldosterone antagonist, 8 patients with preascitic, nonalcoholic cirrhosis, and portal hypertension underwent echocardiographic assessment of LV function and systemic hemodynamics and determinations of plasma volume, urinary sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PAC), and norepinephrine (PNE) when on a 150-mmol/d-sodium diet (baseline), after 1 month on canrenone (100 mg/d) plus a 40-mmol/d-sodium diet and after 1 month on canrenone plus a 150-mmol/d-sodium diet. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed with the patient in the supine position and during active standing. At baseline, patients had high plasma volume and normal renal function, PRA, PAC, and PNE. CI, LVEF, and stroke volume index were also normal. Standing caused a significant reduction in CI and LVEF. After canrenone and either sodium diet, CI significantly decreased, and PRA and PNE increased in the supine position. On standing, LVEF and CI did not decrease further. Plasma volume significantly decreased only after low-sodium diet plus canrenone. In conclusion, canrenone normalizes the cardiac response to the postural challenge in patients with preascitic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Cardiovascular effects of canrenone in patients with preascitic cirrhosis. 1261 26

The 1985-86 Rural Family Planning Survey was confined to the rural sector and covered 17 of the 24 districts of Sri Lanka. Multistage stratified random sampling with probability in proportion to size was used in selecting the sample. A total of 3253 respondents were successfully interviewed between August 1985 and February 1986. 98.6% of the respondents had heard about oral contraception (the pill). Of those who had heard of it, 2/3 believed that pill-taking had harmful effects on women's health and body. This perception was constant across all social, economic, and educational groups. 3 characteristics were associated with small but interesting differences in the perception of risk of pill-taking. A slightly higher but significant percentage of those who work outside the home on an irregular basis were more likely to say that the pill detrimentally affects women's health. Those who have ever used traditional contraceptive methods (mainly calendar rhythm and withdrawal) were more likely to have a negative perception than those who had never used any traditional or modern method except the pill. Women living in developed areas were more likely to think that the pill had detrimental effects on health than women living in less developed areas. 1/3 of the women believed that the pill causes heart attacks, cancer, and birth defects. 16-18% thought that the pill causes weight gain and stroke/paralysis. About 17% thought the pill causes permanent sterility, and 10% thought it causes sexually transmitted diseases. Women's education and their status of pill use were the 2 most powerfully and consistently related factors identifying the women who gave "yes" responses from those who gave "no" responses to each of the 7 specified health problems. The results also showed that when the effects of all the variables were considered simultaneously, neither the husband's education nor the respondent's work status remained a significant variable discriminating the subgroups of women who have correct versus incorrect perceptions. 1 out of 3 women thought that childbearing was safer than pill-taking. This perception did not vary significantly across many subgroups, except for women's work status, contraceptive use, couple's wealth status, and the area development level. 1 of the most surprising findings of this study was that there is generally an inverse relationship between the modernity status of the women and their correct perceptions of the potential health risk of OC use with regard to cardiovascular disease and stroke.
Asia Pac Popul J 1987 Sep
PMID:Women's perceptions of the pill's potential health risks in Sri Lanka. 1226 36

There is now overwhelming evidence that much of our predisposition to adult illness is determined by the time of birth. These diseases appear to result from interactions between our genes, our intrauterine environment and our postnatal lifestyle. Those at greatest risk are individuals in communities making a rapid transition from lives of 'thrift' to a lives of 'plenty'. From a global perspective, such origins of diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, should render research in these fields as one of the highest priorities in human health care. Prevention will be enhanced by elucidation of the mechanisms by which the fetus is programmed by the mother for the life she expects it to live. At the present time, there is evidence that fetal nutrition and premature exposure to cortisol are effective intrauterine triggers, but a multitude of alternative pathways require investigation. It is also likely that programming extends across generations, and may involve the embryo and perhaps the oocyte. An oocyte that becomes an adult human develops in the uterus of its grandmother, so further research is required to describe the role of environments of grandmothers and mothers in predisposing offspring to health or illness in adult life.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Nutrition and the early origins of adult disease. 1249 45

The life-stage approach, which views the behaviours and exposures of an individual from the preconceptual situation of the parent through pregnancy, infancy, childhood and adolescence, and into the advancing years through adulthood, is the basis of analysis of strategies to improve long-term health. Among the behaviours of note is the dietary selection pattern, conditioning our exposure to nutrients and dietary constituents that influences growth, nutriture, cognitive and physical performance, and disease resistance and susceptibility. The African Diaspora created a population displaced from Africa to the Western Hemisphere as part of the African slave trade from the 16th to 18th centuries. It continues to manifest distinct dietary and lifestyle practices in the context of a health experience that is different both from the population in their African countries of origin and from the other ethnicities in their countries of displacement and current residence. Afro-Americans are more susceptible to a series of diseases and conditions including low birth weight, violence, and HIV/AIDS, as well as the non-communicable diseases: obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, renal failure, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lead poisoning. The differential nature of dietary practices are conditioned at times by the poverty and marginalisation of the populace, resulting in either disadvantageous or beneficial outcomes relative to others' eating habits. Serious consideration must be given to the possibility that ethnic difference give rise to different requirements and tolerances for essential nutrients and distinct protective or adverse responses to foods and dietary substances. The major challenges to health improvement for the African Diaspora is coming to grips with the policy and programmatic nuances of differential treatment and the effecting the behavioural changes that would be needed in a population skeptical of the motives of media and of the power elites of their societies.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003
PMID:Diet and long-term health: an African Diaspora perspective. 1450 96

To identify biochemical markers for carotid stroke outcome, blood serum levels of inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, soluble p-selectin) and autoantibodies (AAB) to neurospecific antigens (glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron specific enolase, S-100 protein) were studied in 27 patients (mean age 64 +/- 6 years) with acute ischemic stroke in inner carotid artery system on day 1-2 and 21 of the disease onset. To day 21, patients with good rehabilitation of neurological functions (group 1) demonstrated a decrease of C-reactive protein and soluble p-selectin concentrations, and unfavorable disease course was associated with a significant (p<0.05) increase of concentrations of these indices. On day 1 and 7, a level of AAT to glial fibrillary acidic protein was higher (p<0.05) in group 1 than in that with minimal rehabilitation and to day 21 it decreased relatively the baseline level. At the same time, patients with minimal rehabilitation had a stable AAT level. On day 7, the AAT level correlated with expression of neurological deficit on day 21 (r=0.510; p=0.019). No stroke-course-dependent differences were found in dynamics of orosomucoid as well as of AAT to neuron specific enolase and S-100 protein levels.
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PMID:[Markers of inflammation, autoantibodies to neurospecific antigens and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke]. 1562 89

Even though the field of medicine has developed tremendously, the wide variety of cancer is still among chronic and life threatening disease today. Therefore, the specialists constantly research and try every possible way to find cure or preventive ways to stop its further development. For this reason, studies concerning the chronic disease such as cancer have been spread to many different fields. In this regard, many other alternative ways besides medicine, are used in prevention of cancer. Nutritional therapy, herbal therapy, sportive activities, art therapy, music therapy, dance therapy, imagery, yoga and acupuncture can be given as examples. Among these, dance/movement therapy which deals with individuals physical, emotional, cognitive as well as social integration is widely used as a popular form of physical activity. The physical benefits of dance therapy as exercise are well documented. Studies have shown that physical activity is known to increase special neurotransmitter substances in the brain (endorphins), which create a state of well-being. And total body movement such as dance enhances the functions of other body systems, such as circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, and muscular systems. Regarding its unique connection to the field of medicine, many researches have been undertaken on the effects of dance/movement therapy in special settings with physical problems such as amputations, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, chronic illnesses such as anorexia, bulimia, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, AIDS, and arthritis. Today dance/movement therapy is a well recognized form of complementary therapy used in hospitals as well as at the comprehensive clinical cancer centres.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Dance as a therapy for cancer prevention. 1623 9

A fundamental aspect of public health is the accuracy of death certification. Assessing the death registration system is a step toward improving the quality of death reporting. Thailand implemented a more rigorous and informative pilot death registration system in March 2001 in 18 provinces, followed by nationwide implementation in August 2003. Since Thailand is an industrializing nation, its experiences will be of interest to other developing nations planning similar reforms. The causes of all deaths in the 15 provincial pilot projects (of Thailand's 76 provinces) and a random sampling in Bangkok were investigated between July 1997 and December 1999. Health workers interviewed close relatives and three medical doctors reviewed hospital records to verify the causes of death. We were able to interview 78% of the relatives (i.e. 47,632 in number). Three-quarters (76%) of the deceased had sought prior medical care; 41% died in hospital and 54% at home. The overall agreement between the causes of death in our survey vs. that reported on the death certificate was 29%. The highest agreement was for: 'Ill-defined' causes (33%), 'Cancer and Tumors' (17%), 'External Causes' (16%), and 'Infectious Diseases' (10%). Considering the different patterns among age groups and sex, hypertension with stroke, cancer of the liver and bile duct, and HIV infection, were the highest ranking causes among females. Infectious diseases (especially HIV/AIDS), hypertension with stroke and accidents, were the leading causes of deaths among males. External causes were highest among children and young adults.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2005
PMID:Thailand's national death registration reform: verifying the causes of death between July 1997 and December 1999. 1642 55

This paper compares body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio as risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in Asia Pacific populations. We undertook a pooled analysis involving six cohort studies (45 988 participants) and used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the associations of the four anthropometric indices with stroke and ischaemic heart disease by age, sex and region. During a mean follow-up of six years, 346 stroke and 601 ischaemic heart disease events (fatal and non-fatal) were documented. Overall, a one-standard deviation increase in index was associated with an increase in risk of ischaemic heart disease of 17% (95% CI 7-27%) for body mass index, 27% (95% CI 14-40%) for waist circumference, 10% (95% CI 1-20%) for hip circumference, and 36% (95% CI 21-52%) for waist-hip ratio. There were no significant differences between age groups, sex, and region. None of the four anthropometric indices had a strong association with risk of stroke. These data indicate that measures of central obesity such as waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are strongly associated with risk of ischaemic heart disease in this region. Therefore, we suggest that, along with calculation of body mass index, measures of central obesity such as waist circumference and waist-hip ratio should be undertaken routinely.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006
PMID:Central obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific Region. 1683 18

Obesity is a global and preventable epidemic with serious health consequences for individuals worldwide, particularly for those in developed countries. The World Health Organization estimates that at least 1 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 300 million are obese. Research has demonstrated that weight losses as small as 7-10% of initial weight produce significant health benefits. These include reducing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. This paper describes behavioural methods to modify maladaptive eating and activity habits to achieve a healthy weight. It also examines the short- and long-term results of behavioural treatment for obesity and methods to improve long-term weight control.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006
PMID:State of the science: behavioural treatment of obesity. 1692 59

The aims of this study were to obtain the most recent representative data for the prevalence of diabetes in adult populations in the World Health Organisation's South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions and to quantify the contribution of diabetes to the burden of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in these regions. Previous reports indicate that there are 83 million individuals with diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region, but since many of the country-specific estimates were not from nationally representative studies, this figure may not accurately reflect the current burden of diabetes. Information on the prevalence of diabetes was obtained by searching Medline and government health websites. Data were available from 12 countries representing 78% of the total population of the Asia-Pacific region. Six of 10 countries with complete data reported a prevalence of diabetes exceeding those estimates currently cited by the World Health Organization; three of which have also already exceeded the World Health Organization projections for 2030. In the 12 countries in the region with nationally representative data, the prevalence of diabetes ranged from 2.6% to 15.1%. Hazard ratios from the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration were used to calculate population attributable fractions for diabetes for fatal cardiovascular diseases in the region. Population attributable fractions ranged from 2% to 12% for coronary heart disease, 1% to 6% for haemorrhagic stroke, and 2% to 11% for ischaemic stroke. Accurate estimates of the prevalence of diabetes are of great importance and standard methods are needed for periodic surveillance across the Asia-Pacific region and elsewhere.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007
PMID:Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and population attributable fractions for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions. 1721 97


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