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 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of myocellular necrosis by cathecholamines in a patient presenting pheocromocytoma is reported. Death was due to cerbral apoplexy. The histological findings are quite specific and show myofibrillar degeneration with substitution of the normal striation by coarse sarcomeric transversal bands. The possible role of necrosis by catecholamines in sudden deaths and non-coronary myocardiosclerosis is emphasized.
G Ital Cardiol 1975
PMID:[Myocellular necrosis by cathecolamines in pheochromocytoma (author's transl)]. 120 50

The nature of the cardiovascular risk in cigarette smokers has not been characterized. To compare the relative effects of long-term smoking and nicotine administration on the cardiovascular system, 18 month old beagle littermates were prepared with a permanent tracheostomy. They were classified into three groups: I, seven control dogs; II, nine dogs that smoked seven cigarettes/day; and III, eight dogs that received an equivalent amount of nicotine. After a period of up to 22 months, the animals were catheterized under anesthesia for assessment of left ventricular function and volumes by indicator-dilution technique. Heart rate, stroke volume, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume and intraventricular conduction times did not differ significantly in the three groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 44 +/- 3 percent (mean +/- standard error of the mean) in the control group, 35 +/- 3 percent in the dogs that smoked cigarettes (P less than 0.05) and 27 +/- 3 percent in those given nicotine (P less than 0.01) despite similar values for end-diastolic variables in the three groups. The first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) normalized for pre- and afterload was 2.4 +/- 0.2 cm/sec -1 in the control group, 1.41 +/- 0.12 in the cigarette-smoking group (P less than 0.005) and 1.34 +/-0.08 in the nicotine group (P less than 0.01). Although mean aortic pressure was significantly elevated in both the smoking (127 +/- mm Hg) and nicotine (127 +/- 10 mm Hg) groups, there was no significant correlation with the contractility indexes. Reduction of afterload to normal levels did not affect the abnormal ventricular performance. Hypertrophy, inflammation and abnormalities of cell ultrastructures were not present, and myocardial lipid and cation composition were normal. Since interstitial fibrosis was evident in both experimental groups, an alteration of elastic elements may be operative. These cardiovascular abnormalities appear to be predominantly dependent on the nicotine of cigarettes.
Am J Cardiol 1976 Jan
PMID:Cardiovascular effects of long-term cigarette smoking and nicotine administration. 124 32

In recent years, mono and biplane cardioangiography has been used to calculate the left ventricular volume. In order to evaluate the reliability of the various methods currently most used, a study of 14 hearts removed during autopsy was carried out. The left ventricle was filled with a mixture of paraffin and Lipiodol, the hearts were then X-rayed in anteroposterior projection (AP), laterolateral (LL) and left oblique posterior (OPS) at 30 degrees. The ventricles were opened and the real volume of the cost was obtained by means of the measurement of the volume of displaced liquid. The left ventricular volume was calculated using the methods of Dodge and coll., Sandler and Dodge, Greene and coll. and Kennedy and coll. The data obtained were statistically worked out. With all the tecniques used, there was a good correlation between values of true volume and the volume calculated with the angiographic methods. The coefficient of correlation varied between 0,940 (Dodge and coll. method) and 0,979 (Sandler and Dodge method). A more detailed analysis however, demonstrated that in the hearts with lower volumes, the correlation coefficient is lower and completely unsatisfactory with the methods of Kennedy and coll. and the method of Greene and coll. In these cases some indexes of ventricualr function (stroke volume, ejection fraction) may be not reliable.
G Ital Cardiol 1976
PMID:[Cardioangiographic evaluation of the left ventricular volume: an analysis of the various formulas used (author's transl)]. 125 29

In 21 patients with pure, isolated mitral stenosis, four hemodynamic parameters were studied. They were obtained by left and right cardiac catheterization and were: the mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure, the diastolic mitral gradient, the stroke volume and the mitral valve area with one or more parametres amd polycardiographic indices, to verify the reliability of the quantitative evaluation of mitral stenosis by noninvasive methods. The polycardiographic indices of Yigitbasi (r = 0.76) and Wells (r = 0.65) were best correlated with the mean pulmonary wedge pressure. The only index with a moderate correlation (r = 0.60) with the mitral diastolic gradient was that of Wells. The LVET/PEP index has only a mediocre correlation with the stroke volume (r = 0.50). The Oreshkov index was the only one among those studies to correlate at all significantly with the mitral valve area (r = --0.62). The investigation confirms the practical use of noninvasive methods in predicting the pulmonary wedge pressure, whilst the indices of Wells and Oreshkov seem less satisfactory in prediction both for the mitral diastolic gradient and the mitral valve area.
G Ital Cardiol 1976
PMID:[The reliability of several polycardiographic indices in the quantitative evaluation of mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. 125 32

In 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction requiring emergency left heart catheterization and coronary arteriography, ventricular function and clinical course were related to collateral vessels supplying the infarcted area. The major coronary artery to the infarcted region was severely obstructed in all patients. Patients with adequate collateral vessels (Group I, no. = 6) and those with no or inadequate collateral channels (Group II, no. = 14) had similar findings with respect to age, site of infarction, prevalence of prior infarction and presence of multivessel disease. However, there were significant differences between Groups I and II in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (13 versus 30 mm Hg), cardiac index (3.05 versus 2.04 liters/min per m2), stroke work index (45 versus 13 g-m/m2), ejection fraction (42 versus 20 percent) and area of dyssynergy (14 versus 47 percent). Moreover, in Group I all patients survived and none had cardiogenic shock, whereas in Group II 10 of 14 patients had shock and 8 of 14 died. The rapidity of vessel obstruction appeared to influence collateralization since infarction was preceded by angina pectoris more frequently in Group I than in Group II. These results indicate that well functioning anastomotic channels to the distal trunk of the blocked coronary artery may afford some protection of pump function and improve the prognosis in acute myocardial infarction.
Am J Cardiol 1976 Mar 04
PMID:Functional significance of coronary collateral vessels in patients with acute myocardial infarction: relation to pump performance, cardiogenic shock and survival. 125 68

The effects of methylprednisolong treatment on acute myocardial ischemia were studied in nine closed chest dogs. After 1 hour of proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, an intravenous bolus injection (50 mg/kg body weight) of methylprednisolone was administered and its effects studied during an additional 2 hours of occlusion. After 2 hours of treatment the following significant mean alterations from levels after 1 hour of occlusion were noted: an increase of 16.7% in heart rate and decreases of 23% in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, 32% in stroke volume, 14% in cardiac output and 37% in stroke work. Peak systolic pressure, maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), left ventricular end-diastolic volume, systemic vascular resistance and coronary sinus blood flow changed less than 10%. Ejection fraction and regional cardiac wall motion were not improved. Metabolic dysfunction of the coronary-occluded myocardium, revealed by regional lactate as well as potassium derangements, persisted throughout the 2 hour treatment period. Comparison of these results with equivalent data from an untreated series of nine dogs with 3 hours of occlusion demonstrated no improvement in the treated series. Methylprednistone failed to restore regional cardiac metabolic and mechanical function, and treatment was associated with a further rise in S-T segment elevations. Administration of methylprednisolone after 1 hour of proximal left anterior descending coronary occlusion apparently does not reverse cardiac dysfunction in the first 2 hours of treatment.
Am J Cardiol 1976 Mar 31
PMID:Methylprednisolone treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Effect on regional and global myocardial function. 125 94

Lidocaine was supplied to 10 cats by 2 comparative infusions of 7.5 mg/kg respectively. Once the drug was dissolved in a physiological and the other time in a K-Mg-concentrated electrolyte solution. The sequence of both infusions alternated. Serum potassium remained constant during infusion of the physiological electrolyte solution, but increased by about 1 mEqu/1 under K-concentrated solution. Lidocaine caused an enhancement of ventricular fibrillation threshold to an absolutely identical degree in both groups. Increase in cardiac output and stroke volume and decrease of sinus rate was significant in both groups, but more pronounced under K-Mg concentrated solution. Mean arterial pressure, peripheral vascular resistance, PQ, QRS, and QT interval remained constant on the whole. We deduce from these results for antiarrhythmic therapy on normokalemic patients, that the addition of potassium and magnesium to lidocaine solution does not enhance its antifibrillatory effect. This statement is valid for doses up to 20 mEqu/h of magnesium and 40 mEqu/h of potassium.
Basic Res Cardiol
PMID:[Potassium-dependent modification of the lidocaine effect: an experimental investigation (author's transl)]. 125 89

A reproducible tourniquet-shock has been produced in hind limbs of dogs by unilateral and bilateral extremity ischemia. The following parameters have been measured for analysing the function of the cardiovascular system: mean aortic pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, intraventricular pressure and left ventricular pressure. From these data the stroke volume, stroke work, total peripheral resistance and the parameters of heart contractility dp/dtmax, dp/dtmax:IP and t-dp/dtmax were derived. During the ischemic period all circulatory parameters did not change in comparison to the controls. A tourniquet-shock developed upon recirculation of the ischemically stressed extremity which was more pronounced after bilateral than after unilateral hind leg ischemia. After release of the tourniquet all animals with unilateral tourniquet survived an observation period of 5 hours duration, whereas 6 out of 8 dogs with bilateral tourniquet died of heart failure. Upon release of the tourniquet, the cardiac output raised up to 140% of the normal value: the abruptly decreasing aortic pressure was fully compensated by a tachycardia from 100 to 190 (beats/minute). The parameters dp/dtmax:IP and t-dp/dtmax indicated a distinct increase of the left ventricular contractility in the early tourniquet-syndrom. Already after 30 minutes an increasing circulatory depression developed indicative of the decrease in aortic pressure, and enddiastolic pressure. At the same time an increase of heart rate and total peripheral resistance occurred. The parameters of left ventricular contractility did not change markedly during the course of shock except for the final stage.
Basic Res Cardiol
PMID:[Hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in experimental tourniquet-shock]. 126 40

The hemodynamic effects of lidoflazine were studied in 12 young healthy subjects who received the drug orally (240 mg daily) for 8 weeks. During exercise after lidoflazine, heart rate (-2.6%), mean arterial pressure (-3.1%), arterio-venous oxygen (A-V02) difference (-3.4%), pressure rate product (-6.2%), and systemic vascular resistance (-8.6%) were significantly lower, while cardiac output (+5.4%) and stroke volume (+8.3%) were significantly greater. The maximal heart rate was lower after lidoflazine (-6 beats/min) but the maximal oxygen intake (VO2max) was not affected by the drug. The major hemodynamic effects of lidoflazine appear to be, on the one hand, an unexplained decrease in heart rate, and on the other, a decrease in systemic vascular resistance; the latter, which was expected from a vasodilator, could account for the greater stroke volume and contributes to the decrease of the pressure rate product. Lidoflazine has another unexplained effect, i.e. a decrease of the A-VO2 difference, suggesting a decreased peripheral extraction of oxygen at rest as well as during submaximal and maximal exercise.
Eur J Cardiol 1976 Jun
PMID:Hemodynamic effects of lidoflazine during graded levels of bicycle exercise in normal subjects. 127 6

A prognostic index for acute myocardial infarction was developed from noninvasively accessible parameters, gathered prospectively within 24 h from the onset of symptoms in 185 consecutive patients. Of the 35 patients who died in hospital, 30 had power failure. The items subjected to discriminant function analysis were: sex, age, number of previous infarctions, present infarction transor nontransmural, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), cardiothoracic ratio, and grade of pulmonary venous congestion scored 0-3 (PVC0-3). The items possessing the best predictive power were, in the order of their strength: age, SAP, LVET and PVCO-3; i.e., hemodynamically, afterload, stroke volume and preload. The discriminant function (DF) giving the prognostic score was: DF=3.9Xage(yr)-1.3X SAP (mm Hg) - 1.4 X LVET (msec) + 25.3 X PVC0-3 + 775.3 Score 550 was exceeded by 87% of the patients dying of power failure and only 16% of the survivors, and it was less in 84% of the survivors and 13% of those dying. To test the validity of the index it was applied to another series consisting of 100 consecutive patients and very similar results were obtained, suggesting that the index is of practical value in predicting hemodynamic deterioration early and by simple noninvasive means.
Eur J Cardiol 1976 Jun
PMID:Assessment of immediate prognosis in acute myocardial infarction by a new noninvasive hemodynamic index. 127 7


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