Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four groups of 15 patients without any cardiovascular or pulmonary pathology received an intravenous injection of one of the 4 studied anesthetics, Althesin (0.07 ml/kg), Methohexital (1.6 mg/kg), Etomidate 0.15 mg/kg) or Propanidid (6 mg/kg). Arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output were measured every thirty or sixty seconds. Stroke volume decreased and heart rate increased with all of them, but most of all with Propanidid. The only statistically significant reduction of cardiac output was observed with Althesin. Arterial pressures did not vary. Under the conditions of the present study and at the dose levels mentioned, Etomidate produced the least changes in cardiac parameters.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular effects of various anesthetics in man. Four short-acting intravenous anesthetics: althesin, etomidate, methohexital and propanidid. 101 21

Previous therapeutic studies on the prevention of selective vulnerability of neurons in the hippocampus have suggested that the critical period for induction of delayed neuronal injury occurs early during recirculation. To determine the onset and duration of this period, an ultrashort-acting barbiturate (methohexital) was infused into the left carotid artery of 47 gerbils after various times of recirculation following 10 minutes of bilateral forebrain ischemia. Neuronal density in the left CA1 sector was determined 7 days later by counting the number of surviving neurons per millimeter of pyramidal cell layer. In 16 saline-treated gerbils, less than 10% of the CA1 neurons survived the 10 minutes of ischemia. Postischemic carotid infusion of methohexital improved neuronal survival, the degree of improvement depending on the timing and duration of the methohexital infusion. When carried out during the initial 40 minutes of recirculation, methohexital infusion for 10 minutes increased the number of surviving neurons to approximately 60% of that in five sham-operated control gerbils. This increase was significant for infusions carried out between the 10th and 20th minutes (n = 6, p less than 0.05) and between the 30th and 40th minutes (n = 6, p less than 0.05) of recirculation. Methohexital infusion for 20 minutes increased neuronal survival to 95% and 73% of that in the controls when carried out between the 0th and 20th minutes (n = 5, p less than 0.005) and between the 20th and 40th minutes (n = 5, p less than 0.005) of recirculation, respectively. Protection was nonsignificant for 10- or 20-minute methohexital infusions carried out after the 40th minute of recirculation. Our results demonstrate that the pathologic processes leading to delayed neuronal injury in the CA1 sector are induced during the initial 40 minutes of recirculation and that barbiturates are able to reverse these processes only if given during this period.
Stroke 1990 Oct
PMID:Therapeutic window of CA1 neuronal damage defined by an ultrashort-acting barbiturate after brain ischemia in gerbils. 221 15

The hemodynamic, electroencephalographic (EEG), and metabolic effects of a high-dose methohexital anesthetic were examined in eight neurosurgical patients. The patients were studied at rest and at 15-min intervals during a 60-min infusion of the drug, given at a rate of 0.40 mg . kg-1 . min-1 (total dose 24 mg/kg). Ventilation was controlled with oxygen:air (FIO2 = 0.50), and fluid was infused at a rate sufficient to maintain pulmonary capillary wedge (PCW) pressures at control values (8 +/- 2 mmHg, mean +/- SD). Serum methohexital concentrations increased progressively, reaching values of 11.7 +/- 2.9 micrograms/ml at t = 30 min and 18.1 +/- 10.8 micrograms/ml at t = 60 min. Characteristic barbiturate-induced EEG changes were noted, with isoelectricity achieved at t = 28 +/- 13 min. Methohexital infusion resulted in significant reductions in arterial pressure (84% of control at t = 60 min), systemic vascular resistances (83% of control at t = 60 min), right and left ventricular stroke work indices (65% and 68% of control, respectively at t = 60 min), and total body O2 consumption (76% of control at t = 60 min). In addition, a progressive dose-related decrease in stroke volume index was noted (50.1 +/- 90 ml X beat-1 X m-2 at t = 0, 40.1 +/- 10.2 ml X beat-1 X m-2 at t = 60 [80% of control]). This occurred in spite of unchanged ventricular filling pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The hemodynamic consequences of high-dose methohexital anesthesia in humans. 649 88