Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured serially in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 22 patients with fresh stroke and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. It was observed that levels of these enzymes in the CSF of control subjects were very low but were significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) in both serum and CSF in patients with stroke. The elevation was greater in the CSF than in the serum and was maximum during the first four days of stroke. Thereafter, the enzymatic activity declined. Of all these enzymes, GGTP in CSF correlated best with the clinical picture. It was possible to differentiate between the ischemic and hemorrhagic type of stroke on the basis of CSF levels of GGTP (greater than 60.0 units in hemorrhagic stroke). There was no correlation between GGTP levels in CSF and serum or among GOT, GPT, and GGTP in CSF. It can be concluded, therefore, that estimation of GGTP in CSF is helpful not only in predicting the degree of cerebral damage and functional outcome of the patient following stroke but also in differentiating the type of stroke.
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PMID:Evaluation of enzymes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in cases of cerebrovascular accidents. 288 8

Dynamic measurements in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), its first isoenzyme (LDH1), aspartate amino transferase (AsAT), alanine amino transferase (AlAT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were performed in 99 patients with ischemic stroke. The mean activities of LDH, LDH1, AsAT, CPC and GGT in the CSF of the patients significantly exceeded those in the control group during the first and second weeks of the disease. The increased activities of LDH, LDH1, CPK and AsAT in patients with ischemic stroke indicate the severity of cerebral lesion and resultant hypoxia of the cerebral tissue. High levels of enzymic activity, particularly over a long period of time, always predict a poor outcome.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebral infarct]. 324 70

Risk factors for primary cerebral hemorrhage remain uncertain. The population-based Stroke Registry of Dijon provides data on the risk factors. Among residents of Dijon (France), 130 cases of primary cerebral hemorrhage hospitalized from 1985 to 1992 were matched with 130 controls by age and sex. The following data were collected: history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, history of coagulation disorder, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and infectious disease in the 7 days before admission. The following parameters were measured on admission: blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, hematocrit, fibrinogen, prothrombin levels, platelet counts, prothrombin time, bilirubin, transaminases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Electrocardiogram and Doppler ultrasound examination of cervical arteries were performed. Statistical analysis was performed by means of relative risk ratio for paired samples when dealing with proportions, and Student's t test for quantitative variables. A stepwise discriminant analysis was carried out to establish the relative weight of the different risk factors and their discriminant values. Among the qualitative data, the significant factors were history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, cardiac arrhythmia, atherosclerosis of carotid arteries and a previous infectious disease in the 7 days before admission. Among the quantitative data, the significant factors were early hypertension, high blood glucose levels, high hematocrit, and low cholesterol levels, in the acute stage of the stroke. After multifactorial analysis, only two factors were significant: hypertension and low cholesterol levels. Our population-based case-control study showed that hypertension and low cholesterol levels are the two discriminant risk factors for both lobar and basal ganglia primary cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, treatment of hypercholesterolemia may increase risk of cerebral hemorrhage.
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PMID:Risk factors for primary cerebral hemorrhage: a population-based study--the Stroke Registry of Dijon. 789 3

The alteration of renal function after initiation of mannitol infusion were monitored in 20 patients with cerebrovascular accident to evaluate whether mannitol has nephrotoxicity effects. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were increased after initiation of mannitol infusion, but hadn't reached stagistical significance. Urinary and serum alpha 1-microglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin and urinary NAG, gamma-GT were significantly increased after 5-10 days successive infusion of mannitol (P < 0.05). The results suggest that the acute nephrotoxicity effect of mannitol should not be ignored.
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PMID:[Changes of early renal function before and after using mannitol in patients with cerebral apoplexy]. 986 62

A 67-year-old man was referred to us for tonic-clonic convulsions. A review of his history revealed that he had been hospitalized for loss of consciousness, hypotension, and suspected apoplexy at age 67. He had experienced prior tonic-clonic convulsions at age 72 and age 74. He had malaria and tuberculosis in his history but had been otherwise generally well. Physical examination was normal, and his blood pressure was 100/80 mmHg. Laboratory findings were normal except alcalinephosphatase (292 U/l) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(60 U/l). Neurological examination showed alert consciousness, mild upper gaze palsy, slight right-side hemiparesis and left Babinski signs was present. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormality, but cerebral angiography revealed bilateral carotid artery occlusion. There were abundant leptomeningeal anastomoses, and the posterior communicating artery was supplied by the left vertebral artery. Electroencephalography showed a spike wave in the temporal lobe and rebuild-up phenomenon in the right hemisphere. Brain atrophy in the anterior and temporal lobes progressed, and the patient experienced gradual disorientation, delirium and hypobulia. He was eventually bedridden. He also demonstrated repetitive tonic-clonic convulsions. After one convulsion, he remained unconscious and died of pneumonia. Autopsy revealed thickening of the intima and internal elastic lamina in the occluded internal carotid artery. The anterior and middle cerebral arteries showed the same pathological changes. Multiple small infarctions restricted to grey matter were present in the cerebral cortex and may have caused the progressive brain atrophy. There was no myelin pallor in the white matter of the cerebrum. Atherosclerotic changes, senile plaque, and neurofibrillary tangles were seen but were within normal limits. These pathological findings were strongly suggestive of moyamoya disease.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of bilateral carotid artery occlusion with repetitive epilepsy and brain atrophy in a senile patient]. 1068 97

Our clinical-biological study has been performed in patients with various clinical forms of arterial hypertension (AHT), as well as with sequelae-type complications from stroke that had occurred during the evolution of the disease. We performed biological determinations of the activity of four erythrocytic enzymes: glutathione-s-transferase (GST), catalase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The results point to the existence of individual values and also of important differences depending on the presence of arterial hypertension complications. We found a moderate but significant increase of erythrocytic GGT in hypertensive patients compared to healthy controls. Erythrocytic GST and LDH were decreased in patients vs controls. The results of the enzymatic, erythrocyitc activities of GST, GGT, catalase and LDH can also be correlated with the parameters of erythrocyitc membrane permeability and with the thiolic groups, fibrinogen and ionic calcium concentration. The data described in this paper suggest the possible involvement of the disturbances mentioned above in the etiopathogeny of AHT.
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PMID:Activity of glutathione-s-transferase, gammaglutamiltransferase and catalase in the erythrocytic membrane in arterial hypertension. 1179 39

Since early after the introduction of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in clinical practice as a reliable and widely employed laboratory test, epidemiological and prospective studies have repeatedly shown that this activity possesses a prognostic value for morbidity and mortality. The association is independent of possibly concomitant conditions of liver disease, and notably, a significant independent correlation of serum GGT exists with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke). Experimental work has documented that active GGT is present in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary as well as in cerebral arteries. These findings, and the recently recognized functions of GGT in the generation of reactive oxygen species, indicate that serum GGT represents a true marker of cardiovascular diseases and underlying atherosclerosis. Further insights into potential therapeutic interest will probably be derived from studies investigating the origin of GGT activity in plaque tissue.
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PMID:The significance of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase in cardiovascular diseases. 1555 64

Elevation of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. GGT activity can catalyze the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a process involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Serum GGT is partially adsorbed onto circulating LDL, and catalytically active GGT has been found within atherosclerotic plaques, colocalizing with oxidized LDL and foam cells. We investigated the the nature of the LDL-associated GGT, the degree of correlation between total serum GGT levels and beta-lipoprotein (beta-LP)-associated GGT, and whether this association is altered in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). LDL-bound GGT showed an entire, amphiphilic heavy chain, but the association was easily lost during LDL purification by affinity chromatography. When the activity of GGT associated with polycation-precipitated beta-lipoproteins was assayed, an identical immunoreactive GGT was found in Western blot, and a statistically significant linear correlation was found between total serum GGT levels and the corresponding beta-LP-bound activities (p<0.0001) in controls and patients with CAD. Nevertheless, subjects with CAD presented a lower ratio of beta-LP-bound GGT to total serum GGT respect to controls (p<0.05) and healthy subjects with elevated serum GGT (p<0.01). In addition, a relative decrease of total serum GGT was observed in CAD subjects of older age as compared to younger ones (p<0.005).
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PMID:Beta-lipoprotein- and LDL-associated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. 1611 19

This prospective cohort study in Japanese workers examined the relationship between the -1438A/G polymorphism in the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A gene and the development of positive findings for various life-style-related disorders. This study over the 5-year period, 1997-2002, included observations of several disorders in cohorts ranging between 560-1023 for males and 477-735 for females who had negative findings for each disorder at baseline. The criteria for development of the disorders were: hypertension, systolic blood pressure > or =140 mmHg or dia-stolic blood pressure > or =90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication; overweight, body mass index (BMI) > or =25 kg/m(2); obesity, BMI > or =30 kg/m(2); new onset of cerebral stroke; metabolic abnormalities, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c >6.0%, total cholesterol > or =240 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl, uric acid >7.0 mg/dl, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase > or =60 IU/l in males and > or =30 IU/l in females. Pooled logistic regression analyses were performed using the -1438A/G genotype and other potential factors as covariates. The odds ratios to AA genotype were significant for uric acid (GG, 0.52; AG, 0.59), obesity (AG, 0.24) in males and for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (GG, 0.11; AG, 0.36), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GG, 0.53; AG, 0.62) and total cholesterol (GG, 1.84) in females. The present study is the first prospective cohort investigation to demonstrate that the -1438G allele has a protective effect against the development of a range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This study indicates that the -1438A/G polymorphism is an independent factor for various disorders in the general Japanese population and suggests that targeting of this polymorphism may be beneficial for preventing these disorders in Japan.
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PMID:The -1438A/G polymorphism in the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A gene is related to hyperuricemia, increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the Japanese population: a prospective cohort study over 5 years. 1632 14

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) is enriched at the apical surface of the cerebral capillaries that constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study tested the effects of hypoxia and inflammation on gammaGT activity in mice after stroke induced by transient cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and in cultured cerebral microvessel endothelial cells. In microvessel-enriched preparations from mice after tMCAO, gammaGT activity was higher than in the sham controls in both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres from 12 h to 5 days after stroke, but lower at later time points (10-15 days). To identify the roles of different cytotoxic and stimulatory signals in this event, we further studied the dynamic changes of gammaGT activity in rat brain endothelial (RBE4) cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and lipopolyssachride significantly increased gammaGT activity in a time-dependent manner, an effect not seen after re-oxygenation. Such endothelial activation correlated with reduced total cellular ATP production. Thus, hypoxia and inflammatory stimulation appeared to have opposite effects on endothelial function. With the co-existence of inflammation and hypoxia in the brain after ischemic stroke, dynamic changes of gammaGT activity reflect evolving changes of endothelial function.
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PMID:Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase is a dynamic indicator of endothelial response to stroke. 1697 62


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