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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The chemical characteristics of the vascular connective tissue components were determined in stroke-prone (SP), stroke-resistant (SR) spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WK) rats. 2. The ratio of hydroxylysine to hydroxylsine plus lysine in the vascular collagen was increased in 6-month-old SP-SH rats and SR-SH rats as compared with WK rats. 3. An age-related increase in uronic acid and hexose content of the aorta was noted in SP-SH, SR-SH and WK rats. However, the increase was more prominent in SH rats, especially SP-SH rats at the stages examined (11 weeks and over 8 months of age). 4. The ratio of galactosyl-hydroxylysine to glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine in the aortic collagen was decreased in 6-month-old SH rats, especially SP-SH rats as compared with WK rats. 5. A relative increase in beta and gamma components in aortic collagen was noted in 6-month-old SP-SH rats when compared with SR-SH rats. 6. The increased content of uronic acid and hexose and the structural changes of vascular collagen as demonstrated in SP-SH rats might be related to the fragility of the arterial wall and/or to the pathogenesis of stroke-proneness.
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PMID:Biochemical alterations of connective tissue metabolism in the arterial walls of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 54 Apr 54

This study confirmed again that high protein diet feeding decreased the incidence of stroke, and high fish protein diet did attenuate severe hypertension but high soybean protein diet did not affect the hypertension. Dietary amino acid analyses indicated that increases in total amino acids, essential amino acids and nonpolar amino acids but not acid or basic amino acids were significantly related to the reduction of stroke incidence. Among essential amino acids, lysine, threonine, isoleucine, and leucine contents were inversely related to stroke incidence, and methionine content was significantly related to the dietary antihypertensive effect of high protein diets. The prophylactic effect of high protein diets may be ascribed to some amino acid constituent.
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PMID:Prophylactic trials for stroke in stroke-prone SHR. (3) Amino acid analysis of various diets and their prophylactic effect. 56 25

Hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) develops initially without any obvious organic lesions, and mainly with hemodynamic alteration due to increased peripheral vascular resistance. It is then followed later by various cardiovascular complications such as stroke. These facts indicate that this spontaneous hypertension is very similar to essential hypertension in man. Studies on the pathogenic mechanisms of spontaneous hypertension up to the present have revealed the following points. (1) This hypertension is genetically transmitted to the offspring in an additive mode by a relatively small number of major genes; (2) Environmental factors such as stress and salt-loading accelerate the hypertension; (3) Parabiosis between SHR and normotensive rats offered no positive evidence indicating the involvement of any strong humoral factors; (4) Assays on adrenal and thyroid hormones have suggested that this hypertension is not a simple endocrine hypertension; (5) The destruction of the central nervous system or sympathectomy on blood pressure or peripheral vascular resistance, as well as the recording of spontaneous sympathetic discharge, etc. have indicated the positive involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the development of this hypertension; (6) Changes in the enzyme activities of the central nervous system and in the central responses to various candidates of central neurotransmitters suggested that 'noradrenergic inhibitory mechanisms for blood pressure regulation in the brainstem' (Yamori, Lovenberg and Sjoerdsma, 1970) might be insufficient and result in the initial enhancement of peripheral vasomotor tone causing labile hypertension; (7) Noradrenalin turnover study of the heart and hindlimb perfusion experiments indicated that the neural factor was mainly involved in the development or the early stage of hypertension; this finding was further supported by the increased noradrenalin level or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in the blood; (8) Histometrical studies indicated that the structural component of the peripheral vascular resistance stabilized the hypertension; (9) The initial neurogenic factors and successive involvement of nonneurogenic factors are relayed by the acceleration of protein metabolism of the vascular wall ('adaptive metabolic change', Yamori, 1974). This acceleration is commonly detected by amino acid incorporation study in both spontaneous and other experimental hypertension; (10) Increased lysine incorporation into the noncollagenous protein of the mesenteric arteries detected in the prehypertensive SHR was experimentally confirmed to be influenced by neural innervation. This confirmation indicated the importance of such a trophic effect of the nervous system on the structural alteration of blood vessels in the development of hypertension (neurovascular linkage, Yamori, 1975)...
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PMID:Pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension as a model for essential hypertension. 87 Jul 22

The hemodynamic effects of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (TGLVP) were investigated in a single-blind study in seven patients with chronic orthostatic hypotension and parkinsonism. Blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume were measured in the supine position before and after bolus injection of either placebo or TGLVP (5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 micrograms/kg of body weight). After 40 min in the supine position, the patients were head-up tilted to 45 degrees for 20 min. All patients underwent four tilt studies with different medication. The TGLVP increased supine blood pressure by approximately 25% and total peripheral resistance by approximately 46%, and reduced heart rate by approximately 13%. No changes in supine stroke volume or cardiac output were seen. The TGLVP slightly reduced the relative fall in blood pressure and increased heart rate during the tilt. After TGLVP, blood pressure levels during tilt were similar to supine levels prior to medication. The TGLVP did not change the effects of tilt on stroke volume or cardiac output. Only few and mild side effects were experienced and no cardiotoxic effects were observed. In conclusion, TGLVP showed marked blood pressure effects of very small doses in this category of patients. The clinical effects of TGLVP and other vasopressor-specific analogs of vasopressin should be tested in these patients.
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PMID:The hemodynamic effects of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (Glypressin) in patients with parkinsonism and orthostatic hypotension. 200 18

1. Measurements of changes in renal, mesenteric and hindquarters haemodynamics or cardiac haemodynamics in response to i.v. bolus doses of arginine vasopressin (AVP) or lysine vasopressin (LVP, 0.7 and 7.0 pmol) were made in conscious, chronically-instrumented Long Evans rats. 2. In some experiments AVP and LVP were administered during an infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1.0 or 0.3 mg kg-1 h-1) to determine whether or not inhibition of nitric oxide production influenced the cardiovascular effects of the peptides. In other experiments, indomethacin (bolus dose of 5 mg kg-1 followed by infusion at 5 mg kg-1 h-1) was given to determine the possible involvement of cyclo-oxygenase products in the responses to AVP and LVP. 3. Under control conditions, the lower dose of LVP had significantly greater effects than AVP on heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, renal, mesenteric and hindquarters conductances, total peripheral conductance, cardiac index, peak aortic flow and +dF/dtmax. The higher dose of LVP had significantly greater effects than AVP on all variables (i.e. including stroke index and central venous pressure). 4. In the presence of L-NAME (1 mg kg-1 h-1) there was a sustained increase in mean arterial blood pressure (+23 +/- 3 mmHg) and reductions in mesenteric (-38 +/- 4%) and hindquarters (-30 +/- 6%) vascular conductances. Under these conditions the difference in the pressor effects of AVP and LVP was abolished, but their differential effects on regional and cardiac haemodynamics persisted. This dose of L-NAME did not change cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. 5. During infusion of L-NAME at a lower rate (0.3mgkg-th-1), baseline cardiovascular status was unchanged and regional haemodynamic effects of AVP and LVP were enhanced, but the differences in the regional vasoconstrictor responses to the two peptides persisted. 6. Indomethacin (5 mg kg-1 bolus, then 5 mg kg- 'h-1 infusion) augmented the renal vasoconstrictor responses to AVP and LVP, but abolished the difference in the hindquarters vasoconstrictor responses to the two peptides. However, the differences in the pressor and the renal and mesenteric vasoconstrictor effects of AVP and LVP still occurred in the presence of indomethacin. 7. The results indicate that AVP normally has lesser cardiovascular effects than LVP but this difference does not seem to be due to more effective stimulation of nitric oxide-mediated or cyclo-oxygenase-dependent vasodilator mechanisms by AVP than LVP.
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PMID:Effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or indomethacin on differential regional and cardiac haemodynamic actions of arginine vasopressin and lysine vasopressin in conscious rats. 204 32

We investigated the effects on blood pressure of 5% taurine administered prenatally or postnatally via maternal parents in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Prenatal and/or postnatal administration of taurine produced a blood pressure reduction in the offspring until at least 3 months of age. Furthermore, offspring exposed to high concentrations of taurine through the placenta during the prenatal period and also for 1 month after birth via maternal milk, showed a greater reduction in blood pressure than the group given taurine prenatally but not postnatally. The stroke-prone SHR were fed a high-fat cholesterol and low-protein diet containing 1% methionine or with 3% lysine in drinking water, and effects of the dietary amino acids on the development of atherogenesis were investigated. Intake of additional 1% methionine or 3% lysine had marked preventive effects on atherogenesis in the cerebral and mesenteric arteries in SHRSP. Therefore, early dietary intake of sulphur amino acids delays the onset of hypertension and attenuates the development of both severe hypertension and atherosclerosis in SHRSP.
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PMID:Effects of sulphur amino acids on the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 348 15

The influence of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (TGLVP) on cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress was studied. Arterial pressures, heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) were measured in eight healthy males subjected to 20 min 70 degrees head-up tilt. On different days they received either 0.01 mg/kg b.w. of TGLVP or a corresponding volume of 0.9% saline i.v. after 15 min supine rest. After the drug injection, in supine subjects, HR had decreased from 58 to 50 beats min-1, total peripheral resistance (TPR) was elevated by 29%, systolic (SAP) and diastolic pressure (DAP) had increased by 7 and 8 mmHg, respectively. During tilt, values for HR and SAP were similar with and without TGLVP whereas DAP and MAP were elevated 8 and 7 mmHg, respectively, by the drug. 4-8 min into the tilt, TGLVP caused an 8% sustained curtailment of SV. Both with and without the drug TPR increased by about 30% in response to head-up tilt. Thus, the marked peripheral arteriolar constriction after vasopressin in the supine position was not affected by head-up tilt. Tilting also abolished the drug-induced elevation in SAP, most likely explained by the reduction in SV. Although TPR was markedly increased by TGLVP during head-up tilt, reflected in the behaviour of DAP, the response of SV speaks against any beneficial effect of this drug on orthostatic tolerance in healthy subjects.
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PMID:Effects of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin on cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress. 362 70

The cardiovascular effects of lysine acetylsalicylate and/or propranolol were studied in 26 dogs. All animals were maintained under anaesthesia with halothane 0.75 per cent, supplemented by the intravenous administration of succinylcholine to allow controlled ventilation during a two hour period of monitoring. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, Paco2, pao2 and base deficit were measured in each dog. Lysine acetylsalicylate 50 mg . kg-1, administered alone as a single bolus, significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the cardiac output and stroke volume and significantly decreased the heart rate, central venous pressure and total peripheral resistance in dogs under halothane anaesthesia. Propranolol hydrochloride 0.5 mg . kg-1 as a single intravenous bolus was followed by a significant decrease in cardiac output, heart rate and mean arterial pressure and a significant increase in central venous pressure and total peripheral resistance. The administration of propranolol prior to lysine acetylsalicylate resulted in a significant decrease in cardiac output and heart rate. Pretreatment with propranolol was effective in inhibiting the positive inotropic effect of lysine acetylsalicylate.
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PMID:Inhibition of the cardiovascular effects of lysine acetylsalicylate by propranolol in dogs during halothane anaesthesia. 680 96

Increased dietary intake of regular salt (sodium chloride) interferes markedly with the therapeutic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. To study further the interactions between dietary salt intake and antihypertensive drug treatment, we examined the effects of felodipine, a dihydropyridine derivative Ca2+ channel antagonist with natriuretic properties, on blood pressure and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats during different levels of sodium chloride in the diet. We also compared the influence of regular salt on the cardiovascular effects of felodipine with that of a novel K(+)-, Mg(2+)- and l-lysine-enriched and Na(+)-reduced salt alternative, which in previous studies markedly improved the therapeutic effects of enalapril and ramipril. During the 28-day experiment regular salt produced a marked rise in blood pressure and induced left ventricular hypertrophy, while the salt alternative neither induced any rise of blood pressure nor caused cardiac hypertrophy. Felodipine had an enhanced antihypertensive effect during the increased intake of sodium chloride, and lowered the blood pressure to the same normotensive level as it did during the control and the salt alternative diets. Felodipine also completely blocked the development of the sodium chloride-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The heart rate of the felodipine-treated animals was significantly increased during the first two study weeks but thereafter it did not differ from that of the controls. Hence, unlike regular salt, the novel Na(+)-reduced, K(+)-, Mg(2+)-, and l-lysine-enriched salt alternative did not raise blood pressure and produced little if any left ventricular hypertrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cardiovascular effects of felodipine are not antagonized by dietary salt. 802 56

1. The influence of salt (sodium chloride; NaCl) (an additional 6% in the diet) and that of a novel sodium-reduced, potassium-, magnesium-, and L-lysine-enriched salt alternative on the cardiovascular effects of ramipril was studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats in a 6-week study. The intake of sodium chloride was adjusted to the same level by adding the salt alternative at a 1.75 times higher amount than regular salt. 2. Salt produced a marked rise in blood pressure and induced cardiac hypertrophy and significant mortality, while the salt alternative neither increased blood pressure nor caused any mortality and produced less cardiac hypertrophy than salt. 3. Ramipril treatment at a daily dose of 3 mg kg-1 normalized blood pressure and prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy of rats on control diet. These effects of ramipril were blocked by the addition of salt but were only slightly attenuated by the addition of the salt alternative. The mortality in the salt group was prevented by ramipril. 4. Responses of mesenteric arterial rings in vitro were examined at the end of the study. Salt, but not the salt alternative, increased vascular contractile responses to noradrenaline. Ramipril treatment improved the arterial relaxation responses to acetylcholine and to sodium nitroprusside. The vascular relaxation enhancing effect of ramipril was blocked by salt but only slightly attenuated by the salt alternative. 5. Ramipril treatment did not significantly increase plasma renin activity in the presence or in the absence of salt supplementation. The salt alternative did not cause hyperkalaemia, either alone or in combination with ramipril treatment. 6. Both salt supplementations, irrespective of ramipril treatment, induced a six to eight fold increase in the urinary excretion of calcium. There was an expected 90 to 140% rise in the urinary excretion of magnesium and 200% rise in the urinary excretion of potassium in the salt alternative group. Salt also produced an approximately 50% increase in magnesuria.7. Our findings suggest that replacement of salt by the potassium-, magnesium- and L-lysine-enriched salt alternative improves the cardiovascular effects of ramipril. In the present study the beneficial effect was related to the increased intakes of potassium and/or magnesium and L-lysine from the salt alternative because the amount of sodium chloride was the same.
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PMID:Replacement of salt by a novel potassium- and magnesium-enriched salt alternative improves the cardiovascular effects of ramipril. 803 5


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