Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The haemodynamic parameters were studied dynamically by way of noninvasive techniques--tetrapolar thoracic rheography in the course of treatment of 48 patients with essential hypertension Stage IB and IIA urth beta-blocking agents Obsidan and Visken. It was found that as early as by the 5th day of therapy the stroke volume and heart rate decreased, the maximum fall being noted after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The reflex elevation of the total peripheral resistance was moderate, as a result of which a gradual reduction of the arterial pressure developed. The state of the cerebral circulation significantly improved in the course of the treatment (as shown by rheoencephalography) and the tone of the cerebral arteries decreased. After 2-3 weeks of beta-blockers therapy favourable shifts were observed in the response of the general and cerebral haemodynamics to the orthostatic test.
 ...
PMID:[Change in the central and regional (brain) hemodynamics in the treatment of hypertension using beta-adrenergic blockaders]. 1 Apr 64

Results are presented on the treatment with Inderal of 57 patients with essential hypertension and symptomatic renal hypertension in whom the changes in central and renal haemodynamics were carefully traced. In all the patients with renal hypertension (chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis) the function of the kidneys was adequate. Inderal when used in a daily dose of 120--160 mg produces a hypotensive effect in patients with stage IB and IIA essential hypertension with unstable symptomatic renal hypertension who have a predominantly hyperkinetic type of the circulation. In such cases the haemodynamic changes manifest themselves in a considerable reduction of the cardiac output at the expense of a slower pulse rate and decreased stroke volume; the total peripheral resistance was moderately elevated. In patients with stage IIB of essential hypertension and in those with persistent and severe symptomatic renal hypertension the hypotensive effect of Inderal given in a daily dose of 480 mg and sometimes even higher was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the total peripheral resistance and a moderate reduction of the cardiac output and cardiac index at the expense of a slower pulse rate.
 ...
PMID:[Use of inderal for the treatment of different forms of arterial hypertension]. 119 58

The purpose of this study was to determine whether segment lengths measured from the right ventricular inflow and outflow tract regions of the right ventricle would accurately reflect true volume changes of the right ventricle and to determine the response of the right ventricle to afterload increases induced by both constricting the pulmonary artery (PAC) and embolizing the pulmonary circulation with glass beads (GBE). Three excised hearts were instrumented with segment-length crystals attached to the inflow and outflow tract regions, and saline was instilled into a balloon implanted inside the right ventricular cavity. The experiments showed a high correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.90 in all cases) between static segment lengths and volume instilled. In open chest, open pericardial canine experiments, vena caval occlusion reduced end-diastolic segments lengths and right ventricular systolic pressure consistent with a reduction in right ventricular end-diastolic volume. In a separate group of animals, volume loading with dextran increased inflow and outflow end-diastolic segment lengths and increased cardiac output. In two further groups of animals, one of which was pretreated intravenously with propranolol (Inderal), both forms of pressure overload increased end-diastolic lengths in both regions. However, GBE increased right ventricular stroke work compared with PAC. We conclude that end-diastolic segment lengths reflect true volume changes of the right ventricle. Furthermore, during acute pressure overload, the right ventricle dilates to compensate for the afterload change. However, ventricular function is better maintained after GBE.
 ...
PMID:Pressure segment length analysis of right ventricular function: influence of loading conditions. 201 15

In two identical experiments, A and B, we studied the effect of the simultaneous l.v. injection of propranolol (Inderal, 0.5 mg/kg) on the circulatory effects of triiodothyronine (T3 500 microgram/kg i.v. 3 hours before measuring). The two substances act at different rates and so the blocking effect of propranolol preceded the development of the circulatory effects of T3. Cardiac output was measured by the Evans blue dilution method, the heart rate was calculated from the ECG recording and blood pressure was measured with a mercury manometer; stroke volume and total peripheral vascular resistance were also calculated. The isolated injection of T3 was followed by a significant increase in cardiac output (experiment A: 129%, B: 118%) and stroke volume (A: 125%, B: 118%) and by a drop in total peripheral vascular resistance (A: 82%, B: 85%). There was no change, in this early phase, in the heart rate or blood pressure. No changes were found 3 hours after the isolated administration of Inderal (the maximum effect of propranolol is attained in 30-60 min). During the same period, the above initial effects of T3 were completely suppressed by the simultaneous injection of Inderal. These results were probably related to the experimental conditions (early and not very marked changes after T3), but they demonstrate that the initial effects of T3 on cardiac performance and on the peripheral blood vessels can be completely suppressed by a block of beta receptors. From this it can be concluded that beta-adrenergic regulation is an important part of the mechanism of the early haemodynamic action of T3.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of the early circulatory effects of triiodothyronine in rats by propranolol. 645 55

Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and stress in the outer layers of the left ventricular wall were directly recorded in 10 anaesthetised, open-chested dogs. Left ventricular oxygen consumption (VO2) was calculated from the difference in oxygen content in the arterial and in the coronary sinus blood and from the left ventricular coronary flow (LVCF). LVCF was measured in the shunt between the carotid artery and left coronary artery (2 experiments) or in the shunt between the coronary sinus and jugular vein. Tension-time index was calculated either as the product of the mean LVSP and time (TTI(P)), or as the product of mean systolic stress and time (TTI(sigma)). Both TTIs were changed within the broad range by means of exsanguination and blood infusion. Contractility was changed by means of Inderal or noradrenaline infusion. In all experimental conditions VO2/100 g/stroke correlated linearly (P less than 0.01) with TTI(sigma), with correlation coefficient r greater than 0.8. When TTI(P) was used, correlation coefficient r was less than 0.6 and no correlation was found in one series of experiments with noradrenaline infusion. It is concluded that TTI calculated from the directly measured wall stress is a very good correlate of the VO2, which is not the case when the 'classical' TTI is used.
 ...
PMID:Directly measured tension-time index as a correlate of myocardial oxygen consumption. 736 21

Blood pressure rises rapidly upon waking and may be responsible, in part, for the increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke during the morning hours. Current formulations and dosing of antihypertensive drugs do not provide maximum coverage during this vulnerable period. This study was performed to demonstrate that propranolol CR (Innopran XL), a novel chronotherapeutic formulation of propranolol designed for nighttime dosing, has appropriate pharmacokinetics to provide maximum cardioprotective effect in the morning. Pharmacokinetics of propranolol CR and sustained-release propranolol after single and multiple doses were determined in normal male volunteers in this open-label, 2-period crossover study. The drugs were dosed in the evening and serial blood samples were taken for determination of propranolol concentration the next 24 to 72 hours. After a single 160-mg dose of propranolol CR administered at 10 pm, absorption was delayed by about 4 hours, after which plasma concentration rose steadily, reaching a peak at about 10:00 am. In contrast, after dosing with sustained release propranolol, plasma levels of propranolol began to rise almost immediately, reaching a plateau between 4:00 am and 10:00 am. During multiple dosing, steady-state trough plasma concentrations were achieved after 2 days with either drug. After the final dose, the plasma profiles of both drugs were similar to those observed in the single-dose study. Bioavailability was similar for both formulations of propranolol. Propranolol CR exhibited appropriate pharmacokinetics for a chronotherapeutic approach to the treatment of hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of propranolol after single and multiple dosing with sustained release propranolol or propranolol CR (innopran XL) , a new chronotherapeutic formulation. 1278 30