Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many drugs are not able to cross the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and, thus, cannot reach a target site within the Central Nervous System (CNS). Local controlled drug delivery can help to overcome this restriction. However, this is a highly challenging approach and only one product is yet available on the market: Gliadel, which is used to reduce the risk of local tumor recurrence upon resection of malignant glioma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of local controlled drug delivery to the CNS to reduce the consequences of ischemic stroke. Fenofibrate as well as its active metabolite fenofibric acid were encapsulated within PLGA microparticles. Importantly, fenofibrate-loaded microparticles effectively reduced the consequences of ischemic stroke in Wistar rats: the total, cortical and striatal infarct volumes decreased from 257 to 197, 193 to 139, and 64 to 58 mm(3), respectively. Interestingly, fenofibric acid-loaded microparticles did not show significant in vivo efficacy, which might be attributable to a potentially limited distribution pattern within the brain and/or limited cell uptake. Thus, local controlled drug delivery to the CNS also has a significant potential for the treatment/prevention of other types of diseases than cancer. Furthermore, this approach can help to provide proof of concept in vivo in the early drug discovery phase, if the drug candidate cannot cross the BBB.
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PMID:Fenofibrate-loaded PLGA microparticles: effects on ischemic stroke. 1916 34

A 51-year-old right-handed woman initially presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. MRI showed abnormal signal hyperintensity of the right temporal lobe that was thought to be consistent with ischemic stroke. Three years later, she developed an intensely enhancing centrally necrotic tumor in the right temporal-parietal lobes. A craniotomy was performed with gross total resection of the tumor followed by chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Histological examination demonstrated a gliosarcoma. A year later, she had a recurrence of the intra-axial gliosarcoma requiring a second craniotomy for tumor resection and placement of Gliadel wafers. Postoperatively, she developed plural effusions. A pulmonary workup revealed lung lesions that were biopsied and found to be gliosarcoma. After the second surgery, she underwent pleurodesis and one cycle of modified mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine (MAID) chemotherapy, but died 5 months later from progression of the lung metastases. There are fewer than 20 reported cases of extracranial metastases of gliosarcoma. This is the first report of gliosarcoma with prolonged survival (over 2 years) and death from non-CNS metastatic gliosarcoma.
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PMID:Metastatic gliosarcoma with a unique presentation and progression: case report and review of the literature. 2042 88