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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cardiovascular changes associated with extradural block were measured in two groups of patients who were also receiving light general anaesthesia. In the first two group (five patients) 2% plain lignocaine 20 ml was used and decreases occurred in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral resistance. In the second group (10 patients) 2% lignocaine 20 ml to which adrenaline 1:200,000 had been added was used. Decreases in arterial pressure and peripheral resistance occurred in all patients, but the responses of the cardiac output and heart rate were variable, decreasing in three patients and remaining stable or increasing in seven patients. A high segmental block was presumed to have occurred in those patients who developed bradycardia and a decreased cardiac output. The differences between these studies in anaesthetized patients and those previously reported in conscious volunteers are discussed.
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PMID:Modification of the circulatory effects of extradural block combined with general anaesthesia by the addition of adrenaline to lignocaine solutions. 91 91

The cardiovascular effects of two types of acupuncture, needling with twirling and moxibustion by electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) were studied in dogs with chronically implanted electromagnetic flowmeter probes, during 0.75% halothane anesthesia with a succinylcholine drip to allow controlled ventilation. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, acid-base and blood gases were measured over a two hour period. During and following moxibustion by electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26) there was a generally significant increase (5% level) in cardiac output and stroke volume and an initially significant increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure. There was a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following moxibustion by electrocautery and an initially significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following moxibustion by electrocautery and an initially significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following needling with twirling. It was observed in this investigation that moxibustion by electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26) produced more significant changes in cardiovascular dynamics in dogs than needling with twirling.
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PMID:Some effects of acupuncture at Jen Chung (Go-26) on cardiovascular dynamics in dogs. 92 60

To determine whether halothane and morphine, commonly used during anesthesia for cardiac operations, potentiate the beta blocking activity of propanolol, hemodynamic changes induced by five incremental doses of propranolol (10, 20, 50, 120, 200 microgram/kg) were measured during halothane, 1 per cent, in oxygen, and morphine, 4 mg/kg. Against a background of contant beta stimulation by infusion of isoproterenol, 0.1 microgram/kg/min, and vagal blockade by atropine, 3 mg, propranolol produced significant dose-related decreases in heart rate, cardiac index, stroke volume index, and left ventricular dp/dtmax and significant increases in mean aortic pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Compared with basal anesthesia with pentobarbital, 15 mg/kg, neither morphine nor halothane increased sensitivity to any measured effect of propranolol expressed as the slope of the log dose-response relationship. It is concluded that the beta blocking activity of propranolol is not potentiated by morphine and halothane anesthesia but, rather, their effects are additive.
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PMID:Failure of general anesthesia to potentiate propranolol activity. 93 Oct 93

Cardiopulmonary effects of isoflurane, a new inhalation anesthetic, were investigated in healthy unpremedicated dogs and cats under conditions of spontaneous and controlled (dogs only) ventilation. Measurements were made at minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 in dogs and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.4 in cats. The isoflurane MAC was previously determined in these animals and was 1.28 +/- 0.06% for dogs and 1.63 +/- 0.02% for cats. We found that as anesthetic dose increased, mean arterial pressure consistently and significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. Cardiac output, measured only in dogs, was sustained only during light-moderate levels (1.0 to 2.0 MAC) of anesthesia because the heart rate significantly increased. Stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and left ventricular work tended to decrease as anesthesia deepened. We found no significant difference in cardiovascular measurements in dogs between spontaneous and controlled ventilation at equal MAC multiples. That isoflurane is a profound respiratory depressant in dogs and cats is supported by our findings of a dose-dependent increase in PaCO2. In addition, the alveolar isoflurane concentration required to produce at least 60 seconds of apnea divided by MAC (i.e., the anesthetic index) averaged 2.5 for dogs and 2.4 for cats. The anesthetic index which we determined for isoflurane in dogs equals or is less than the index reported for other inhaled anesthetics in this species.
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PMID:Isoflurane potency in the dog and cat. 93 Nov 67

The cardiovascular effects of acupuncture, moxibustion by electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) and phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.) alone were compared to phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.) prior to moxibustion at Go-26 in groups of ten dogs under 0.75 percent halothane anesthesia. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit were measured over a two hour period. A significant increase (5% level) in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance were observed following acupuncture, moxibustion with electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) in dogs under halothane anesthesia. These effects were inhibited by pretreatment with the alpha blocking agent, phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.). The cardiovascular effects of phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.) alone were similar to those of dogs in which phentolamine was administered prior to moxibustion.
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PMID:Inhibition of the cardiovascular effects of acupuncture (moxibustion) by phentolamine in dogs during halothane anesthesia. 93 38

Acupuncture by electrocautery, moxibustion, at Jen Chung (Go-26) acupoint produces a sympathomimetic effect on the cardiovascular system of dogs under halothane anaesthesia (MAC I). This effect is manifest by significant increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure while total peripheral resistance is significantly decreased during a two-hour period of observation. Pretreatment with the beta blocker, propranolol, caused a significant decrease in cardiac output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure while total peripheral resistance is significantly increased. Similar responses were observed when propranolol was administered without moxibustion at Jen Chung (Go-26).
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PMID:Inhibition of the cardiovascular effects of acupuncture (moxibustion) by propranolol in dogs during halothane anaesthesia. 93 68

Circulatory changes after IV d-tubocurarine (3 mg), thiamylal (4 mg/kg) plus succinylcholine (2 mg/kg) and followed by direct laryngoscopy with or without intratracheal lidocaine spray (2 mg/kg) just before endotracheal intubation (EI), were measured in 40 adult patients. Pretreatment with d-tubocurarine did not alter mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), or central venous pressure (CVP). One minute after thiamylal-succinylcholine and just before laryngoscopy, MAP was 15 torr less than the awake value (p less than 0.05) and HR was 13 beats/min greater than the awake value (p less than 0.05). Laryngoscopy and EI elevated MAP above awake levels and further increased HR in all patients. The magnitude of these responses immediately following EI was not altered by tracheal lidocaine. However, the pressor and HR changes following EI were more transient when tracheal lidocaine was used (20 patients) and these patients were more likely to tolerate the tracheal tube without immediate additional anesthesia. The incidence of ventricular dysrhythmias was not altered by tracheal lidocaine. Compared with awake values, the cardiac index did not change significantly following intubation but stroke volume was decreased (p less than 0.05), with or without tracheal lidocaine.
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PMID:Circulatory changes during anesthetic induction: impact of d-tubocurarine pretreatment, thiamylal, succinylcholine, laryngoscopy, and tracheal lidocaine. 94 33

Circulatory responses after thiamylal (4 mg/kg) and succinylcholine (SCh) (2 mg/kg) administration followed by direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were measured in 20 patients before elective aortocoronary vein bypass graft operations. Compared with awake measurements, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased 19 +/- 3 torr (mean +/- SE) and heart rate (HR) increased 9 +/- 3 bpm 1 minute after thiamylal-SCh. MAP was increased 39 +/- 4 torr and HR 20 +/- 3 bpm above awake levels in response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Blood pressure and HR returned spontaneously to near awake levels without additional anesthesia within 5 minutes of anesthetic induction. Stroke volume index was decreased significantly after tracheal intubation but cardiac index was not altered. The authors conclude that thiamylal-SCh followed by tracheal intubation is an acceptable anesthetic induction sequence for patients without evidence of left ventricular heart failure who require anesthesia for elective coronary artery revascularization.
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PMID:Circulatory changes in patients with coronary artery disease following thiamylal-succinylcholine and tracheal intubation. 94 83

A transoral noninvasive procedure in the oropharynx using local anesthesia was applied to detect flow in the vertebral arteries with a bidirectional continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound system. Common carotid artery compression was used to identify the vertebral artery. Flow direction, amplitude of flow signals, diastolic flow, and reaction of flow on common carotid artery compression served as diagnostic parameters. The procedure was applied in 90 patients of whom 42 underwent angiography. The method has proved to be 82% accurate. It was most reliable in the diagnosis of occlusion or aplasia, subclavian steal and normalcy, and was less reliable in the detection of stenosis or hypoplasia of a vertebral artery. Eleven patients with subclavin steal, five patients with a missing vertebral artery three patients with hypoplasia or stenosis, and 15 patients with normal angiorgraphical findings were correctly diagnosed by Doppler; normal Doppler findings were present in three patients with a mission or stenosed vertebral artery. Those patients (five) with Doppler indications of subclavian steal (one patient), missing vertebral artery (two patients), or stenosis (two patients) had normal angiograms. Application of the Doppler procedure, after 11 subclavin endarterectomies, informed the surgeon immediately about the hemodynamic effect of surgical intervention. Rethrombosis was diagnosed in two patients by postoperative Doppler examination.
Stroke
PMID:Noninvasive angiography for the diagnosis of vertebral artery disease using Doppler ultrasound (vertebral artery Doppler). 96 Jan 54

One hundred consecutive patients were randomly given hypocarbic (PaCO2 less than 25 torr) or hypercarbic (PaCO2 greater than 60 torr) general anesthesia during carotid endarterectomy to test the effect of the two regimens upon the incidence of postoperative neurological deficit. An indwelling shunt was not used. One patient died, two have permanent neurological deficits and two have temporary neurological deficits. Although hypocarbic patients had fewer neurological complications than hypercarbic patients, the difference was not statistically significant (p less than 0.13). Hypercarbia significantly increased the incidence of intraoperative arrhythmia. Also, no relationship was found between the incidence of postoperative stroke and the internal carotid back pressure or the time of carotid occlusion.
Stroke
PMID:An evaluation of hypocarbia and hypercarbia during carotid endarterectomy. 96 Jan 66


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