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 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Halothane was given to dogs which had been bled to an arterial mean blood pressure of 60 mmHg, and the circulatory effects were studied with the aid of the radioactive microsphere technique. The cardiac output and coronary blood flow were well maintained, whereas the arterial mean blood pressure was slightly, and the stroke volume markedly increased, indicating an improved heart function. The blood flows to the brain, lungs, liver and kidneys were well preserved throughout the anesthesia. The effect of retransfusing the withdrawn blood was also studied, and it resulted in an increased cardiac output, arterial mean blood pressure and increased blood flows to the heart, lungs, spleen, bowel and liver.
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PMID:The effect of halothane on the distribution of cardiac output and organ blood flows in the hemorrhagic, hypotensive dog. 65 51

Hemodynamic responses to reversal of phenoperidine-nitrous oxide anesthesia were studied in 14 adult patients before and after naloxone administration (1.5 +/- 0.25 microgram/kg), and, at comparable intervals, in 11 control patients who were permitted to resume respiration spontaneously. Naloxone reversal resulted in significant increases in heart rate (31%), cardiac index (50%), left ventricular stroke work index (53%), and systemic blood pressure (21%), compared with initial values. The heart rate-systolic arterial pressure product, an indirect index of myocardial oxygen consumption, increased significantly (77%). However, changes of similar magnitude occurred after spontaneous recovery in control patients, in whom the only significant treatment-related difference was a longer recovery time. Whether naloxone is used or not, the observed hemodynamic changes may be harmful to patients who have diminished cardiac reserve.
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PMID:Hemodynamic responses to low doses of naloxone after narcotic-nitrous oxide anesthesia. 66 33

The cardiovascular changes during anaesthesia and thyroidectomy have been studied in seven thyrotoxic patients prepared with propranolol. The heart rate and cardiac rhythm remained very stable throughout surgery. A 20% increase in mean arterial pressure occurred during surgical stimulation. A decrease in cardiac output, due to decreased stroke volume, occurred during surgical stimulation. A decrease in cardiac output, due to decreased stroke volume, occurred during surgery, reaching a maximum of 21% during ligation of the thyroid vessels and returning to pre-operative values by the end of surgery. The fall in cardiac output was accompanied by raised central venous pressure and raised total peripheral resistance.
Anaesthesia 1978 Jun
PMID:Propranolol in thyrotoxicosis. Cardiovascular changes during thyroidectomy in patients pre-treated with propranolol. 68 15

In 44 patients with congenital or acquired heart disease, functional class II--IV NYHAC, the effects of calcium gluconate (10 ml 10%) and calcium chloride (10 ml 5.5%) on hemodynamics, inotropy and myocardial oxygen consumption were investigated during and immediately after cardiosurgical procedures. There was a significant increase in blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, total systemic resistance, cardiac index, stroke index, peak dp/dt and myocardial oxygen consumption as well as in arterial perfusion pressure during extracorporeal circulation due to i.v.-injection of either one of the drugs. The positive inotropic effects were more pronounced after application of calcium chloride. In emergency situations during anaesthesia or resuscitation, therefore, calcium chloride seems to be of more advantage than calcium gluconate.
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PMID:[Effects of calcium gluconate and calcium chloride on cardiocirculatory parameters in man (author's transl)]. 72 23

Cardiac output (Q) and pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) were measured under various conditions in four harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) weighing 35--52 kg. In seals anesthetized with halothane, Q averaged 3.47 l/min; in awake resting seals, Q averaged 11.5 l/min; and during surface dives (i.e., at atmospheric pressure) Q averaged 1.99 l/min. Stroke volume was one-third and two-thirds of the awake resting value during anesthesia and diving, respectively. Systolic Ppa was usually 40--50 Torr in anesthetized and awake resting seals, but was about 10 Torr lower during both surface and compression (i.e., elevated ambient pressure) dives. Diastolic Ppa was constant and high during anesthesia and quite variable in awake resting seals. During both surface and compression dives the diastolic Ppa often fell to the same level as right atrial pressure. We conclude that Q and Ppa are high in awake resting seals and that pulmonary blood flow may cease between beats during diving.
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PMID:Pulmonary circulation of the harbor seal. 73 May 68

Carpaine is one of the major components of alkaloid of papaya leaves. Circulatory effects of carpaine were studied in Wistar male rats weighing 314 +/- 13 g, under pentabarbital (30 mg/kg) anesthesia. Increasing dosages of carpaine from 0.5 mg/kg to 2.0 mg/kg resulted in progressive decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure. Selective autonomic nervous blockade with atropine sulfate (1 mg/kg) or propranolol hydrochloride (8 mg/kg) did not alter the circulatory response to carpaine. Carpaine, 2 mg/kg, reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke work, and cardiac power, but the calculated total peripheral resistance remained unchanged. It is concluded from these results that carpaine affects the myocardium directly. The effects of carpaine may be related to its macrocyclic dilactone structure, a possible cation chelating structure.
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PMID:Effect of carpaine, a papaya alkaloid, on the circulatory function in the rat. 73 16

Coronary and systemic circulations, and contractility and oxygen consumption of the left ventricular myocardium were depressed as arterial enflurane concentration increased in acute experiments with 22 adult mongrel dogs. Uneven transmural blood flow in the left ventricular free wall did not appear and the inner/outer ratio remained near 1.0 until a very deep stage of the anesthesia was attained and as far as diastolic aortic pressure was maintained above 40 mmHg, according to the microsphere injection study. Once diastolic pressure fell below 35--40 mmHg, the ratios started to be reduced significantly. When arterial enflurane content reached 53.0 +/- 2.1 mg/100 ml (mean +/- s.e.), the ratio became 0.84 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.001), and simultaneously calculated DPTI/TTI ratio also showed a significant redution from the control (0.79 +/- 0.03, p less than 0.001). The I/O and DPTI/TTI ratios, however, did not correlate significantly with each other until very deep enflurane anesthesia was attained. The lower limit of autoregulation of coronary vascular bed was suggested to be near 35--40 mmHg of diastolic aortic pressure during deep enflurane anesthesia in the dog. Among systolic time intervals measured directly during the study, PEP and ICT showed significant negative correlations with Vmax and LV dp/dt max, while LVET neither changed nor correlated significantly with stroke volume or other parameters representing myocardial contractility during the course of enflurane anesthesia.
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PMID:Enflurane-induced hypotension modifies transmural blood flow distribution in the canine left ventricle. 73 52

Conscious rats and rats under nitrous oxide anesthesia were subjected to blood pressure elevations by injection of epinephrine, bicuculline and amphetamine. Mean arterial pressure was measured from a chronic indwelling cannula in the aorta in awake rats. The protein leakage in the brains was studied using Evans blue and 125IHSA. Conscious animals developed less blood-brain barrier dysfunction than anesthetized ones. The largest difference was obtained with amphetamine and the smallest with epinephrine. Possible explanations to the results are discussed.
Stroke
PMID:Effect of an acute increase of the intravascular pressure on the blood-brain barrier: a comparison between conscious and anesthetized rats. 74 92

An electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending aorta in ten dogs. Subsequently, these animals were maintained under halothane (0.75%) anesthesia during the intravenous administration of an ether extract (40 mg/kg) of ginseng. Five other dogs were anesthetized without injecting ginseng. Eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit were compared during the ensuing 120 minutes. The heart rate was significantly decreased and central venous pressure increased significantly following ginseng. There were no other meaningful changes in either group.
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PMID:Effects of the first (ether) extract of ginseng on the cardiovascular dynamics of dogs during halothane anesthesia. 75 Jan 70

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured (intra-arterial injections of 133Xe) and electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded periodically before, for two hours during, and for one and one-fourth hours after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in 20 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). A CBF-Paco2 response curve for these animals under barbiturate anesthesia was created from CBF values prior to MCA occlusion and during the time a steady state was being achieved. The animals were subdivided into four groups (five monkeys in each) on the basis of Paco 2 values: 20, 36, 40, and 60 mm Hg. CBF values from this study were compared to previous results obtained with 85Kr. The phenomenon of "look through" and the importance of recognizing this artifact and its significance in analyzing CBF results in areas of focal ischemia are discussed. The present results were correlated with cerebral ATP and lactate concentrations in ischemic regions determined in previous studies using this preparation at these Paco2 values and at comparable time intervals before, during, and after MCA occlusion. The EEG appears to reflect the state of ischemic brain accurately. However, CBF measured by the 133Xe method can be misleading in regard to the true degree of ischemia resulting from occlusion of an intracranial vessel and cannot be relied on to demonstrate accurately "steal" or "reverse steal" due to changes in Paco2.
Stroke
PMID:Blood flow measurements and the "look through" artifact in focal cerebral ischemia. 80 30


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