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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In healthy, closed-chest dogs, dose-dependent depression of ventricular function was produced by the anesthetics halothane, methoxyflurane, and fluroxene, as evidence by decreases in left venticular stroke volume, stroke work, dP/dt, and an increased enddiastolic pressure. Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption decreased concomitantly and were correlated with aortic blood pressure decreases. There was no change in myocardial lactate extraction with halothane and methoxyflurane, suggesting that myocardial oxygenation was adequate in spite of the decrease in blood flow. However, even with marked increases in arterial lactate concentration during fluroxene anesthesia, extraction did not chance and, in fact, tended to decrease. The hemodynamic effects of halothane and methoxyflurane are similar to those previously reported in man, but those of fluroxene are different. Consequently, clinical speculation from these results is not justified at this time.
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PMID:Effects of inhalation anesthetics on cardiac function and metabolism in the intact dog. 0 33

ISKEDYL (PF 50), which is sold as a vasoregulator of cerebral irrigation, consists of a mixture of dihydroergocristine and raubasine. This work aims at determining possible interactions between this product and certain drugs used in anesthesia from the cardiovascular point of view. ISKEDYL does not seem to be a contraindication to anesthesia of the "neuroleptic" type, when injected in pre-, per- or post-operative period. A slight temporary and spontaneously reversible fall in arterial blood pressure, affecting both maximum and minimum pressure, together with a decrease in stroke volume and peripheral resistances, estimated by the study of the arterial blood pressure curve, seem to indicate that this product has peripheral vaso-dilatory properties.
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PMID:[Iskedyl and general anesthesia. Measurement of the systolic ejection volume and peripheral resistance using the arterial pressure curves]. 0 7

The cardiovascular effects of total hip placement were evaluated in 10 surgical patients, aged 55 to 82, while receiving fluroxene-N2O-O2 anesthesia. The anesthetic regimen caused mild cardiovascular depression. The placement of the acrylic cement into the acetabulum and femoral shaft also induced mild cardiovascular depression, but these changes were not significant at p less than 0.05. In one 67-yr-old woman, there were significant reductions of cardiac output and stroke volume 2 min after the insertion of acrylic into the femoral shaft, despite careful replacement of intravascular loss and careful anesthetic management. Methylmethacrylate (1 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-4), v/v) was administered to 24 isolated perfused rabbits hearts. These concentrations of methylmetacrylate are of the same order as measurable blood levels in surgical patients. There was a dose-dependent depression of left ventricular dP/dt correlated with a depression of the spontaneous heart rate. When the bradycardia was prevented by electrically pacing the hearts or the administration of atropine, the depressed dP/dt rose to control levels. Reduction in myocardial temperature and heart rate by means of reduction in perfusate temperature of the isolated hearts reduced the myocardial depressant effect of methylmethacrylate.
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PMID:Cardiovascular effects of total hip placement in man. With observations on the effects of methylmethacrylate on the isolated rabbit heart. 1 17

We present the central haemodynamic data obtained during halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia in a patient under antihypertensive treatment with propranolol who underwent surgery for intracranial aneurysms in sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension. Cardiac output remained unchanged when hypotension was induced. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased. There was a slight increase in heart rate, as well as a minor decrease in stroke volume. Systemic vascular resistance decreased, but pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged. The response observed is discussed.
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PMID:The haemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension during beta-adrenergic blockade and anaesthesia. A case report. 2 30

There has been no description of the hemodynamic dose-response relationship between halothane and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), although these drugs are used together frequently for induction of deliberate hypotension. Utilizing aortic root cannulation and thermister-tipped pulmonary artery catheterization, this relationship was studied in 6 beagles receiving a standard 100 microgram/kg infusion of SNP solution administered at 3 different infusion rates (5, 10, and 20 microgram/kg/min) while anesthetized with 3 different concentrations of halothane (0.5, 1, and 2%). Sodium nitroprusside infusion resulted in dose-related reductions in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work. Increasing concentrations of halothane significantly potentiated the hypotensive effects of SNP. Cardiac output increase as the SNP infusion rate increased, whereas increasing the halothane concentration resulted in a reduction of cardiac output at each SNP infusion rate studied. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure was significantly reduced by SNP infusion at all 3 halothane concentrations, whereas mean pulmonary artery pressure was unchanged. Arterial pH fell in response to each SNP infusion, from 7.46 at the beginning of the study to 7.32 at the end (p less than 0.001). Sodium nitroprusside predictably induced hypotension during halothane anesthesia at the cost of a dose-related metabolic acidosis. Increasing the depth of halothane anesthesia afforded a greater percentage reduction in arterial pressure at each SNP infusion rate studied. Metabolic acidosis, however, developed no more rapidly at 2% halothane than it did at 0.5 or 1%.
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PMID:Increasing halothane concentrations reduce nitroprusside dose requirement. 3 Mar 40

A new model of transient, bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat is described. During ether anesthesia the rat's vertebral arteries were electrocauterized through the alar foramina of the first cervical vertebra and reversible clasps placed loosely around the common carotid arteries. Twenty-four hr later, the awake rats were restrained and the carotid clasps tightened to produce 4-vessel occlusion. The carotid clasps were removed after 10, 20 or 30 min of 4-vessel occlusion and the animals killed by perfusion fixation 72 hr later. Rats which convulsed during the ischemic or post-ischemic period were excluded from further study. All rats subjected to 20 or 30 min of 4-vessel occlusion demonstrated ischemic neuronal damage. The H1 and paramedian hippocampus, striatum and layers 3, 5 and 6 of the posterior neocortex were the regions most frequently damaged. The advantages of this model are the ease of preparation of large numbers of animals, a high rate of predictable ischemic neuronal damage, a low incidence of seizures and the absence of anesthesia.
Stroke
PMID:A new model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. 3 14

In 18 patients with documented ischaemic heart disease the cardiovascular effects of ketamine (1.5 mg/kg iv) were studied under three different conditions: 1. in awake premedicated patients (n = 6); 2. after the previous administration of flunitrazepam (0.015 mg/kg iv, n = 6) and 3. under conditions of neuroleptanalgesia and muscle relaxation (n = 6). Flunitrazepam prevented or at least attenuated the increases in heart rate (30%), mean arterial pressure (37%), mean pulmonary artery pressure (165%), left ventricular filling pressure (230%), total peripheral resistance (50%), pulmonary vascular resistance (100%) and in the rate-pressure product (66%) which were associated with the use of ketamine as the sole anaesthetic agent. In addition, the flunitrazepam-pretreatment abolished the fall in cardiac index and stroke index which occured in patients given ketamine alone. Flunitrazepam therefore appears to be a promising drug to prevent adverse cardiovascular reactions, when ketamine should be chosen for induction of anaesthesia. Neuroleptanalgesia and muscle relaxation also proved effective in controlling the sympathomimetic actions of ketamine. The response of the mean pulmonary artery pressure and of the ventricular filling pressures to ketamine in this group was even more damped than in the patients pretreated with flunitrazepam alone.
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PMID:[Flunitrazepam-pretreatment for prevention of adverse cardiovascular effects following ketamine]. 4 95

Sixteen patients scheduled for abdominal aortic resection and grafting were randomly assigned to two groups to study the cardiovascular effects of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. The patients in the first group had received a thoracic epidural block followed by intravenous administration of the selective beta-1-adrenoreceptor agonist prenalterol prior to induction of general anaesthesia. The patients in the second group served as controls and received no specific treatment prior to general anaesthesia. In both groups, aortic cross-clamping was followed by an equal rise in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and mean systemic arterial pressure. There was a significant difference in systemic vascular resistance, as the control group had a 46% increase 30 s after cross-clamping, while the pretreated patients had only a 7% increase at the same time. Moreover, the patients given the thoracic epidural block followed by prenalterol increased their stroke volume and cardiac indices, as compared to the patients in the control group who showed a significant decrease in these parameters. Possible mechanisms for the mode of action of the combined thoracic epidural block and beta-1-adrenoreceptor agonist pretreatment are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of thoracic epidural block and the beta-1-adrenoreceptor agonist prenalterol on the cardiovascular response to infrarenal aortic cross-clamping in man. 4 50

Each of 24 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy under spinal anaesthesia received 1000 ml HES and, depending from the clinical situation, some patients received blood-transfusion. Afterwards two groups were formed: group A (11 patients), who received HES only, and group B (13 Patients) with additional blood-transfusions. The following parameters were monitored simultaneously: blood pressure, heart rate, stroke index, cardiac output, active blood volume, hemoglobin and hematocrit in whole blood as well as in the irrigatin fluid of the bladder. They showed HES to be a useful plasma substitute for older patients. It is well tolerated and has a slow stabilising effect on circulation, which was effective for several hours. Furthermore, HES-infusion reduced the average need of bloodtransfusion by 500 ml.
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PMID:[Hydroxy-ethyl-starch as plasma substitute in transurethral prostatectomy with the "cold-punch" method (author's transl)]. 6 33

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of propranolol on the cardiovascular response to carbon dioxide (0-20%) during anaesthesia with 1% halothane in oxygen (blood level 16.3 mg/100 ml S.D. +/- 5) in dogs each with a chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta. Cardiac output, stroke volume; heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were obtained and paired with arterial blood gas determination after each step of increased concentration of carbon dioxide with or without propranolol. Propranolol (0.06-0.9 mg/kg) prevented the response to elevation of inspired carbon dioxide of increased heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output, TPR and MAP were reduced by CO2 and only slightly changed in the propranolol series.
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PMID:Modification by propranolol of cardiovascular response to hypercapnia during halothane anaesthesia. 12 29


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